Environmental Standards Module 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What challenge is associated with legislative frameworks regarding biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

  • Obsolete and non-implementable laws (correct)
  • Comprehensive land use planning
  • High public support for existing laws
  • Effective enforcement by local courts

    • How has poor land use planning affected biodiversity in Nigeria?

  • It has improved the economic status of rural communities.
  • It has promoted sustainable resource management.
  • It has facilitated the recovery of native species.
  • It has resulted in conflicts and biodiversity degradation. (correct)

    • What is one proposed consideration for future biodiversity conservation efforts?

  • Mediating conflicts between different land tenure systems. (correct)
  • Encouraging urban population expansion.
  • Reducing governmental oversight on resource use.
  • Ignoring obsolete laws to simplify conservation measures.

    • What distinguishes renewable natural resources from non-renewable resources?

    <p>Non-renewable resources' future availability is affected by current use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a dimension of biodiversity?

    <p>The number of biological organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is defined by abiotic and biotic factors?

    <p>Biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource is considered a stock resource?

    <p>Crude oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does current usage of non-renewable resources affect future availability?

    <p>It reduces future availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aquatic organisms are commonly found in static freshwater resources in Bayelsa state?

    <p>Aquatic insects and catfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT define the varying soil types in Nigeria?

    <p>Mining activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about biodiversity is true?

    <p>Biodiversity is a measure of ecological complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of overgrazing?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is generally most dependent on natural resources?

    <p>Poor rural populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principal forms linking poverty and environment?

    <p>People's health affected by environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Federal Ministry of Environment play regarding biodiversity?

    <p>Advising the Federal Government on conservation matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Forestry Department?

    <p>Harvesting forest biomass for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do environmental risks relate to poverty?

    <p>They increase vulnerability among the poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program aims at the regeneration of biodiversityresources?

    <p>Forest Regeneration Programme by the Forestry Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one impact of desertification on land according to the information?

    <p>Loss of 867,000 Ha of range land and crop land annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary objective of State Ministries of Environment?

    <p>Protecting the environment and conserving biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major factor contributing to the loss of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Corruption in political processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural practice in Nigeria limits the population of certain species?

    <p>Celebration of local festivals using wild species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action for Climate Change, what could be the potential impact of climate change on Nigeria's GDP by 2050?

    <p>A loss of between 6% and 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of land area is currently protected in Nigeria?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of unsustainable harvesting of resources in Nigeria?

    <p>High levels of fuel wood consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 'juju' market in Nigeria with respect to biodiversity?

    <p>Increases wild resource intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects Nigeria's current situation with regard to illegal logging?

    <p>Government has failed to implement effective measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct impact of cultural practices related to wild resource consumption in Nigeria?

    <p>Reduction in certain species populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization or report has highlighted the economic impact of climate change on Nigeria?

    <p>National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action for Climate Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Nigerian households primarily depend on fuel wood for energy needs?

    <p>Approximately 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of Nigeria's National Goal 1 regarding biodiversity?

    <p>Mainstreaming biodiversity into planning and societal values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method proposed to benefit from Nigeria's genetic and biochemical resources?

    <p>Private sector and civil society involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does National Goal 2 emphasize for Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Reduction of direct pressures and promotion of sustainable use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one specific action stated in the National Goals to improve biodiversity status?

    <p>Safeguarding ecosystems and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem type is explicitly mentioned as important for conservation under the National Goals?

    <p>Grasslands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perspective does the National Biodiversity Action Plan take towards environmental resources?

    <p>They are viewed as transferable and drawable resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a focus area under the National Goals for biodiversity?

    <p>Consolidating urban development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sustainable use' in the context of Nigeria's biodiversity imply?

    <p>Responsible management that maintains ecosystem health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of resource development does Nigeria's National Biodiversity Action Plan promote?

    <p>Wealth creation through biological resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to conserve habitats and ecosystems according to Nigeria's National Goal 2?

    <p>To ensure sustainable development and biodiversity health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes renewable natural resources?

    <p>They can be replenished naturally within a human timescale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes biodiversity?

    <p>A measure of the number and variety of living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two dimensions of biodiversity according to the provided content?

    <p>The number of organisms and their variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor can contribute to defining a biome?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best differentiates between renewable and non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>Non-renewable resources deplete at an irreversible rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Nigeria, which of the following is listed as part of its natural resources?

    <p>Arable land, crude oil, and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the aquatic ecosystem in Nigeria play in supporting biodiversity?

    <p>It supports a variety of biological species, including fisheries and mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a direct consequence of overgrazing in ecosystems?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is primarily vulnerable to degradation of natural resources in Nigeria?

    <p>The poorest rural populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) in Nigeria?

    <p>Enforcing environmental laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do environmental factors directly affect people's health in Nigeria?

    <p>Via vector-borne diseases and pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the Forestry Department in protecting biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Enforcing legislation for forest conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of environmental risk is particularly highlighted as affecting vulnerable populations?

    <p>Climate change and natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principal form links poverty and environment according to the context provided?

    <p>Vulnerability to environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of desertification on land use?

    <p>Loss of arable land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do state ministries contribute to biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>Through protection and conservation efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Environment?

    <p>Advising on conservation and utilization of forest resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual cost of deforestation and environmental degradation in Nigeria?

    <p>$6 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes significantly to biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>46.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor legislative enforcement impact biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria?

    <p>It leads to the abandonment of biodiversity laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is identified as a catalyst for biodiversity degradation in Nigeria?

    <p>Poor land use planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary challenges linked to high population growth in Nigeria regarding biodiversity?

    <p>Higher pressure due to over-exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of corruption in the governance of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Decreased protection of biodiversity-rich areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural practices in Nigeria impact biodiversity?

    <p>They limit the occurrence of specific species in certain areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect could climate change have on Nigeria's GDP by 2050, without adaptation measures?

    <p>A loss ranging from 6% to 30% in GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary energy source for about 70% of Nigerian households?

    <p>Fuel wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge to biodiversity stemming from unsustainable harvesting practices in Nigeria?

    <p>Illegal logging and exploitation of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is needed to address the challenges in Nigeria's biodiversity governance?

    <p>Strengthen governance and transparency in natural resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 'juju' market play in Nigerian biodiversity?

    <p>Leads to the over-exploitation of certain species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of National Goal 1 concerning biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>To integrate biodiversity into national planning and societal values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is suggested under National Goal 2 to reduce direct pressures on biodiversity?

    <p>Concerted efforts to conserve important ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protection level of land in Nigeria as mentioned?

    <p>6% of land area is protected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary consequence of the collapse of extension services on biodiversity governance in Nigeria?

    <p>A lack of guidance in biodiversity protection efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the National Biodiversity Action Plan view environmental resources?

    <p>As assets that can be shared and built upon across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigerian GDP could be lost to climate change impacts if no adaptation is implemented?

    <p>Between 6% and 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key objective of National Goal 3 in terms of improving biodiversity status?

    <p>Safeguarding ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entities have been intentionally involved in the development of Nigeria's biological resources?

    <p>Private sector and civil society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of approach is Nigeria aiming to design under National Goal 1 for land use planning?

    <p>An integrated approach supporting ecosystem rehabilitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'equitable share of benefits' refer to in the context of Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Fair access and benefit from the use of genetic resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the National Biodiversity Action Plan perceive the role of environmental resources?

    <p>As valuable assets that can be traded and developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of fostering partnerships with the private sector in biodiversity resource management?

    <p>To synergize efforts for economic development and resource management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does National Goal 2 prioritize in setting up conservation areas?

    <p>Adequate representation of all ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of renewable natural resources?

    <p>They can be replenished by nature over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following resources is categorized as non-renewable?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does biodiversity impact ecosystems?

    <p>Enhances ecosystem resilience and stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'abiotic factors' refer to in the context of a biome?

    <p>Non-living physical and chemical elements of an environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of biodiversity includes both the number of species and their variability?

    <p>Species richness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Nigeria's natural resources endowment affect its economy?

    <p>It provides significant revenue through crude oil and minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the primary role of freshwater ecosystems in Nigeria?

    <p>They provide habitats for diverse aquatic life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor most directly influences the variability of soil types in Nigeria?

    <p>Topography and climate conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of the high population growth rate in Nigeria concerning biodiversity?

    <p>Greater demand for natural resources leading to over-exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What annual damage does gully erosion cause in Nigeria?

    <p>$100 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary issue resulting from poor land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Reduced agricultural productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are existing biodiversity laws in Nigeria ineffective?

    <p>They are ignored and not enforced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is particularly vulnerable to the degradation of natural resources?

    <p>Rural populations with low income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principal form that links poverty and environment?

    <p>Access to technology and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role does the Forestry Department play in biodiversity conservation?

    <p>Development of regeneration programs for biological resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor access to natural resources affect the poorest populations?

    <p>It increases their vulnerability to environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency advises the Federal Government on conservation and utilization of forest resources?

    <p>Federal Ministry of Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the loss of range land and crop land each year?

    <p>Desertification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge related to the links between natural resources and poverty?

    <p>Environmental degradation impacts health and livelihoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of State Ministries of Environment?

    <p>Protecting the environment and conserving biodiversity at the state level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary objective of Nigeria's National Goal 3 regarding biodiversity?

    <p>To safeguard ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is proposed to improve the status of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Conserving important ecosystems and habitats across the landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does addressing the underlying causes of biodiversity loss aim to accomplish?

    <p>To integrate biodiversity into national planning and societal values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Nigeria plan to reduce the direct pressures on its biodiversity resources?

    <p>By implementing conservation areas for important ecosystems and species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the private sector and civil society play in Nigeria’s biodiversity strategy?

    <p>They serve as partners in development to harness biological resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the necessary policy elements for transforming biological diversity into biological resources?

    <p>Creating comprehensive methods for equitable benefit sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a crucial aspect of environmental resources in the context of economic planning?

    <p>They can be shared, transferred, and developed over generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem types are specifically mentioned as critical for conservation in the National Goals?

    <p>Tropical rainforests, wetlands, and montane vegetation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit intended from harnessing Nigeria’s biological resources?

    <p>To contribute to economic development and generate employment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately underpins the goals related to biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>The commitment to sustainable management of natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of corruption in relation to Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Facilitated de-reservation of biodiverse regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has a direct impact on the loss of species diversity in Nigeria due to cultural practices?

    <p>Festivals that encourage the use of specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change potentially affect Nigeria's GDP in the absence of adaptation?

    <p>A loss of 2% to 11% by 2020, rising by 2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of rural households in Nigeria rely heavily on fuel wood for their energy needs?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue is exacerbating the unsustainable harvesting of resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Corruption and lack of enforcement measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported per capita carbon emission in Nigeria for 2018?

    <p>0.7 tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the traditional medicine market play in Nigeria's biodiversity loss?

    <p>Encourages high levels of biodiversity intake from the wild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately reflects a major challenge for Nigeria's biodiversity efforts?

    <p>Collapse of extension services related to biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the absence of adaptation strategies have on Nigeria’s economy?

    <p>Potential GDP loss ranging from 6% to 30% by 2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is most responsible for the narrow ecological range of certain species in Nigeria?

    <p>Cultural practices limiting species use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic impact of gully erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>It causes damage estimated at over $100 million annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to biodiversity loss due to increasing pressure from population growth?

    <p>Over-exploitation of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do obsolete policies play in biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>They hinder effective biodiversity conservation efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical issue associated with poor land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>It has resulted in conflicts that harm rural communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's population is considered poor, which affects biodiversity?

    <p>46.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily characterizes renewable natural resources?

    <p>They can be replenished by nature in a human time scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines biodiversity most accurately?

    <p>The variety and variability of living organisms in different ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major abiotic factor that influences a biome?

    <p>The precipitation levels experienced in the area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-renewable natural resources primarily differ from renewable resources?

    <p>Their current use affects future availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of an ecosystem is crucial for supporting biodiversity?

    <p>The presence of diverse habitats and ecological niches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes biodiversity's two dimensions?

    <p>Number of species and their variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes stock resources from flow resources?

    <p>Flow resources can diminish with excessive use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of overgrazing on land?

    <p>Loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population group is particularly vulnerable to the degradation of natural resources?

    <p>Rural populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for the conservation and utilization of forest resources?

    <p>Federal Ministry of Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principal form links poverty and the environment concerning health?

    <p>Vulnerability to environmental health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

    <p>Implementing regeneration programs for forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that environmental factors can affect the livelihoods of populations?

    <p>Through degradation of essential natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization has a primary focus on enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does environmental degradation affect rural populations compared to urban populations?

    <p>Urban populations are less dependent on natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a reason for the links between poverty and environmental degradation?

    <p>Access to comprehensive education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is most affected by overgrazing?

    <p>Grassland ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does corruption have on Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>It leads to the de-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural practice adversely affects the population of certain species in Nigeria?

    <p>Consumption of wild resources for festivals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental consequence of climate change for Nigeria by 2050?

    <p>Loss of between 6%-30% of GDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage of land area in Nigeria is currently designated as protected?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main reason for the high percentage of biodiversity intake from the wild in Nigeria?

    <p>The prevalence of the 'juju' market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigerian households depend on fuel wood for energy needs?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a noted failure of the government regarding natural resource management in Nigeria?

    <p>Preventing illegal logging activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action, what direct impact does climate change have on Nigeria's economy?

    <p>Decreased agricultural yields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consumption of wild resources considered in many southern Nigerian cultures?

    <p>A delicacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant effect does unsustainable resource harvesting have on Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Decreased population of species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of National Goal 3 regarding biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>To safeguard ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mainstreaming biodiversity into national planning aim to achieve in Nigeria?

    <p>Addressing the causes of biodiversity loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of biodiversity is specifically targeted for conservation in National Goal 2?

    <p>Conserving important ecosystems and habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how biological resources are viewed in Nigeria's National Biodiversity Action Plan?

    <p>As an asset that can be shared and developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What partnership strategy has been employed to maximize Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Involvement of the private sector and civil society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which critical ecosystems are particularly emphasized for rehabilitation under National Goal 1?

    <p>Critical ecosystems like wetlands and tropical rainforests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the promotion of sustainable use of biodiversity entail under National Goal 2?

    <p>Conserving ecosystems while allowing for responsible usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the long-term aspirations regarding biodiversity resources in Nigeria?

    <p>To build upon and trade biological resources responsibly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is important for addressing the pressures on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Making conservation areas a national priority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor is considered essential for the equitable sharing of benefits from Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Involvement of local communities in resource discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a significant economic impact of gully erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>Estimated damage over $100 million annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as a leading cause of biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>High population growth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge related to the policy and legislation for biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>Obsolete existing laws and poor enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor land use planning contribute to biodiversity degradation in Nigeria?

    <p>It leads to conflicts over land tenure and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the variety and variability of all living organisms in ecosystems?

    <p>Biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is contributing to the high demand for resources affecting biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Increase in poverty levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a renewable natural resource?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does current usage of renewable resources typically affect their future availability?

    <p>It has no effect on future availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor is generally used to characterize a biome?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>They cannot be replaced on a human time scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description best represents biodiversity's two dimensions?

    <p>Organism variety and variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of soil is NOT typically found in Nigeria?

    <p>Loamy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the ecological health of aquatic ecosystems?

    <p>Climate conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk faced by rural populations in relation to natural resources?

    <p>Vulnerability to degradation of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors significantly affects people's health in relation to the environment?

    <p>Indoor air pollution and waterborne diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agency is tasked with the enforcement of environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hectares of rangeland and cropland are lost to desertification annually in Nigeria?

    <p>867,000 Ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Forestry Department play in Nigeria?

    <p>Constitution and protection of forest lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of overgrazing on land?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor best illustrates the dependency of poorer populations on natural resources?

    <p>Dependence on good quality land and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of environmental risks can people become vulnerable to due to poor natural resource management?

    <p>Natural disasters and climate change effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the National Parks Service in Nigeria?

    <p>Conservation of forest resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects the relationship between natural resource access and poverty?

    <p>Poor populations are more reliant on natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of corruption on Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Unregulated extraction of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cultural practices contributes to the limitation of certain species in Nigeria?

    <p>Celebrating festivals that use specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change potentially affect Nigeria's economy by 2050?

    <p>It could result in a GDP loss of 6% to 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of households in Nigeria primarily rely on fuel wood for their energy needs?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect has failed to limit illegal logging in Nigeria?

    <p>Effective government measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor largely impacts the sustainability of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Cultural attitudes towards wild resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carbon emission per capita in Nigeria as reported in 2018?

    <p>0.7 tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons for the collapse of extension services on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Lack of funding for programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is needed to improve Nigeria's biodiversity governance?

    <p>Enhanced transparency and accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proportion of protected land area in Nigeria?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach does National Goal 2 emphasize for promoting Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Sustainable use and reducing direct pressures on biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is crucial for the transformation of biological diversity into biological resources according to the National Biodiversity Action Plan?

    <p>Collaboration with private sector and civil society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'equitable share of benefits' refer to in the context of Nigeria's genetic resources?

    <p>Creation of wealth and economic development for local communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystems are highlighted as priorities for conservation efforts in Nigeria?

    <p>Critical ecosystems like mangroves and rainforest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of mainstreaming biodiversity into national planning as per National Goal 1?

    <p>Reducing biodiversity loss and promoting ecosystem rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the involvement of the private sector play in harnessing Nigeria's biological resources?

    <p>As a partner to promote sustainable economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT a focus of National Goal 3 in improving the status of biodiversity?

    <p>Promoting unsustainable agricultural expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a long-term vision for the use of Nigeria's biodiversity resources as presented in the policy?

    <p>Building upon and trading biodiversity resources sustainably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary economic consequence of gully erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>It leads to damage estimated at over $100 million annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>Obsolete biodiversity-related legislation and poor enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poverty influence biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>It drives higher demand for natural resources through over-exploitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of poor land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Catalyst for biodiversity degradation and conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a high population growth rate play in biodiversity loss?

    <p>It increases competition for biodiversity-rich areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between current usage and future availability of non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>Current usage significantly decreases future availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two dimensions of biodiversity?

    <p>The number of biological organisms and their variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example is categorized as a renewable natural resource?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of soil composition, which type is NOT mentioned as characteristic of Nigeria's soil?

    <p>Peat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major abiotic factor that influences the characteristics of a biome?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents the concept of biodiversity?

    <p>Biodiversity includes both genetic variability and abundance of species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of organisms is typically NOT found in Nigeria's static freshwater ecosystems?

    <p>Lizards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource is classified as a stock resource in Nigeria?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which national goal specifically aims to address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss?

    <p>National Goal 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy proposed to promote sustainable use of Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Establishing conservation areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of biodiversity does National Goal 3 aim to improve?

    <p>Safeguarding ecosystems and species diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is associated with addressing the pressures on Nigeria’s biodiversity resources?

    <p>Conserving important ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit expected from the transformation of biological diversity into biological resources?

    <p>Creation of wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What foundational principle is emphasized in viewing environmental resources as an asset?

    <p>Resources can be transferred and traded across generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the National Biodiversity Action Plan aim to involve the private sector?

    <p>As partners in harnessing biological resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly contributes to biodiversity loss in Nigeria through the exploitation of natural resources?

    <p>Cultural practices promoting wild resource consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected outcome of adequately addressing biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>Reduced habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of biological resource transformation is intended to benefit Nigerian communities directly?

    <p>Access to and use of genetic resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of climate change on Nigeria's economy by 2050, according to the estimates?

    <p>A loss of between 6% and 30% of GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What overarching theme is implied in the National Goals for biodiversity?

    <p>Biodiversity is essential for sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is primarily affected by the reliance on fuel wood for energy in Nigeria?

    <p>Rural and semi-urban households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's land area is currently under protection?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does government corruption directly affect biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria?

    <p>It fosters illegal activities such as poaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trade market is significantly responsible for biodiversity intake from the wild in Nigeria?

    <p>Traditional medicine market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental challenge is primarily linked to illegal logging activities in Nigeria?

    <p>Deforestation and habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant cultural factor that impacts biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Festivals promoting the use of specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between climate change and Nigeria's economic future?

    <p>Climate change could lead to substantial economic losses without adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for the ineffectiveness of governance in protecting Nigeria's natural resources?

    <p>Collapse of extension services on forestry and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does overgrazing have on the environment?

    <p>It leads to desertification of previously fertile land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is primarily responsible for environmental management in Nigeria?

    <p>Federal Ministry of Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principal forms linking poverty and environmental factors?

    <p>Vulnerability to natural disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the consequences of environmental degradation for rural populations in Nigeria?

    <p>Environmental degradation poses threats to their livelihoods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) play?

    <p>It enforces environmental laws in the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to health issues in populations linked to environmental conditions?

    <p>Toxic substances in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

    <p>Conserve forest lands through enforcement of laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does climate change have on the livelihoods of people reliant on natural resources?

    <p>Increases their vulnerability to weather fluctuations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency oversees the management of biodiversity resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Federal Ministry of Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual cost of deforestation and environmental degradation?

    <p>US$ 6 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the pressure on biodiversity due to high population growth rates?

    <p>Over-exploitation of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do outdated policies play in the context of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>They are largely ineffective in promoting biodiversity conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of poor land use planning on biodiversity?

    <p>Biodiversity degradation and conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with economic damage from gully erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>Estimated damages of over $100 million annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of renewable natural resources?

    <p>They can be replenished by nature within a human time scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the impact of human activity on soil in Nigeria?

    <p>Soil is directly influenced by food processing and waste disposal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the classification of non-renewable resources affect their usage?

    <p>Their availability diminishes as they are extracted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water bodies can be found in Nigeria?

    <p>Various types, including freshwater, estuarine, and marine/saltwater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary challenges facing biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Unsustainable harvesting practices affecting various species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor is essential for characterizing a biome?

    <p>The temperature and amounts of precipitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of biodiversity in ecosystems?

    <p>To maintain ecological balance and resilience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigerian land area is currently protected?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor directly contributes to biodiversity loss due to governance issues in Nigeria?

    <p>Corruption among politicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has climate change been projected to affect Nigeria’s GDP by 2020?

    <p>Cause a loss of 2% to 11%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which socio-cultural practice has a detrimental impact on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Consumption of specific species during festivals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major dependency of about 70% of Nigerian households for energy needs?

    <p>Fuel wood consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the 'juju' market have on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Contributes to high biodiversity intake from the wild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact has ineffective governance had on Nigeria's biodiversity efforts?

    <p>Destruction of biodiversity-rich areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant consequence of climate change as outlined in Nigeria's climate adaptation strategy?

    <p>Further loss of biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of energy, what percentage of rural and semi-urban Nigerian households depend on fuel wood?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a notable projection from the NASPACCN report regarding climate change?

    <p>Loss of between 6% and 30% of GDP by 2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk faced by the poorest populations regarding natural resources?

    <p>Vulnerability to degradation of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principal forms linking poverty and environmental issues?

    <p>People's health being affected by environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for the protection and management of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>National Parks Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does overgrazing impact the environment predominantly?

    <p>By leading to permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource is particularly vital for rural populations in Nigeria?

    <p>Water and arable land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Environment in Nigeria?

    <p>Advising on biodiversity conservation and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diseases are often linked to environmental factors affecting poorer groups?

    <p>Water and vector-borne diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What agency focuses on enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of poor access to natural resources for rural communities?

    <p>Heightened vulnerability to climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of biodiversity is directly influenced by deforestation practices?

    <p>Habitat preservation for endangered species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ecosystems is prioritized for conservation in National Goal 2?

    <p>Mangroves and tropical rainforests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the private sector play in Nigeria's strategy for biological resources?

    <p>They partner with civil society to harness biological resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the perspective of the National Biodiversity Action Plan regarding environmental resources?

    <p>Resources can be transferred across generations and developed responsibly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the National Biodiversity Action Plan propose for accessing Nigeria’s genetic resources?

    <p>Methods for equitable sharing of benefits with the economy and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT prioritized to reduce pressures on Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Development of new industrial sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method suggested for sustainable use of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Conservation and responsible management of ecosystems and habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of viewing environmental resources as assets?

    <p>They can lead to potential intergenerational sharing and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which priority reflects the core intent of the National Goals regarding biodiversity?

    <p>Conserving ecosystems while promoting sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant economic consequence of gully erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>Damage estimated at over $100 million annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two factors are identified as major drivers of biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>High population growth and poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which challenge is faced regarding existing biodiversity-related legislation in Nigeria?

    <p>Most laws are obsolete and not enforced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely consequence of poor land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Further degradation of biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed for improving the sustainability of natural resource usage in Nigeria?

    <p>Stronger enforcement of existing laws and updated legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an abiotic factor that characterizes a biome?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of using non-renewable resources?

    <p>They affect future availability negatively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of biodiversity includes both the number of organisms and their variability?

    <p>Species diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an obligation of the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

    <p>Managing forest resources and conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a flow resource?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one direct recipient of human activity according to the soil types in Nigeria?

    <p>Food processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects biodiversity?

    <p>Biodiversity encompasses all living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Nigeria's aquatic ecosystem play in biodiversity?

    <p>It contributes to the overall food web.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of overgrazing on land resources?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principal form illustrates the connection between natural resources and poverty?

    <p>Dependence on natural resource quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is National Goal 1 focused on regarding biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Addressing the underlying causes of biodiversity loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is NOT part of the effort to safeguard Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Enhancing international tourism at the expense of ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Environment in Nigeria?

    <p>Advising on conservation and management of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sustainable use' refer to in the context of Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Ensuring long-term availability of biodiversity resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the degradation of natural resources impact rural populations?

    <p>It heightens vulnerability to environmental risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following habitats is highlighted as important for conservation efforts in Nigeria?

    <p>Tropical rainforests for their ecological richness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of involving the private sector in the management of Nigeria's biological resources?

    <p>To enhance collaboration for sustainable growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a consequence of desertification as mentioned?

    <p>Permanent loss of agricultural land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method proposed for benefiting from Nigeria's genetic resources?

    <p>Establishing equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do State Ministries of Environment play in biodiversity conservation?

    <p>They are responsible for protecting the environment at the state level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main challenge does National Goal 2 address concerning biodiversity?

    <p>Reducing direct pressures on biodiversity resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health issues is linked to environmental factors?

    <p>Chronic respiratory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Nigeria's National Biodiversity Action Plan, what is emphasized regarding environmental resources?

    <p>They can be shared and transferred across generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of degradation is primarily caused by overgrazing?

    <p>Desertification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization focuses on the protection and management of forests in Nigeria?

    <p>Forestry Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative was identified to help improve the status of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Conservation of genetic diversity in domestic crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of biodiversity does National Goal 3 primarily focus on?

    <p>Improving the status of ecosystems and species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does climate change have on Nigeria's GDP according to recent estimates?

    <p>It could result in a loss of 2% to 11% by 2020.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the corruption related to governance in Nigeria's biodiversity management?

    <p>De-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas for unsustainable reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the impact of cultural practices on wildlife in Nigeria?

    <p>Certain practices limit the population of species within narrow ecological ranges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's land area is currently protected, indicating a gap in conservation efforts?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the reliance on fuel wood consumption in Nigerian households?

    <p>Socio-economic dependency on rural energy needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the traditional medicine market play in the biodiversity context in Nigeria?

    <p>It contributes significantly to the harvest of wild species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge facing the governance of natural resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Collapsing extension services related to forestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change impact biodiversity in Nigeria according to the discussed effects?

    <p>It raises the risk of species extinction due to changing environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is primarily thought to contribute to illegal logging in Nigeria?

    <p>High demand for timber and fuel wood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of governance is primarily cited as deteriorated in relation to biodiversity management in Nigeria?

    <p>Extension services on forestry and biodiversity issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to biodiversity loss in Nigeria due to high population growth?

    <p>Over-exploitation caused by high demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major legislative issue affecting biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>Obsolete laws that are ignored by courts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which land use issue is identified as a catalyst for biodiversity degradation in Nigeria?

    <p>Poor land use planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poverty relate to biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>Poverty leads to increased reliance on natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes renewable natural resources from non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>Non-renewable resources cannot be replenished in a human time scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following resources is NOT considered a renewable natural resource?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary abiotic factors that characterize a biome?

    <p>Light intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    With regard to Nigeria's natural resources, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Nigeria is rich in both mineral resources and agricultural land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does human activity have on soil quality in Nigeria's ecosystems?

    <p>Human activities can introduce waste and affect soil composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aquatic species is commonly found in Nigeria's static freshwater resources?

    <p>Catfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of overgrazing on plant cover?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is most vulnerable to the degradation of natural resources?

    <p>Rural populations dependent on natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principal form linking poverty and the environment?

    <p>Increased recognition of environmental aesthetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency focuses on the protection and management of forest resources?

    <p>Federal Ministry of Environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor poses a risk to people's health according to the information provided?

    <p>Urban air pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the loss of natural resources generally lead to for rural populations?

    <p>Higher vulnerability to environmental risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of State Ministries of Environment?

    <p>To protect the environment and conserve biodiversity at the state level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option highlights a common environmental risk faced by impoverished populations?

    <p>Lack of sufficient natural resource distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main causes of the threatened state of Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Corruption and mismanagement of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following socio-cultural practices adversely affects biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Traditional uses of specific species for cultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can climate change potentially impact Nigeria's GDP by 2020?

    <p>Loss of between 2% and 11% of GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of households in Nigeria relies on fuel wood for energy needs?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge arises from the government's failure to control illegal logging?

    <p>Worsened biodiversity loss and habitat degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the impact of the 'juju' market on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>It results in high consumption of various wild resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of cultural practices related to wild resource consumption in Nigeria?

    <p>Over-exploitation of species used for traditional medicines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did politicians play in the degradation of biodiversity-rich areas in Nigeria?

    <p>They encouraged the de-reservation of these areas for unsustainable reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential economic impact could climate change have on Nigeria by 2050 according to projections?

    <p>Loss of 6% to 30% of GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the open governance loop concerning natural resources in Nigeria?

    <p>A collapse in extension services related to forestry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of biodiversity does National Goal 3 primarily target?

    <p>Safeguarding ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a proposed method for benefiting from Nigeria's genetic resources?

    <p>Generating equitable shares of benefits among stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does viewing environmental resources as assets change their management?

    <p>It opens up possibilities for sharing and sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is explicitly mentioned as a national priority in promoting biodiversity?

    <p>Adequate representation of all ecosystems in conservation areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the involvement of the private sector in biodiversity efforts?

    <p>It is a partner in harnessing biological resources for economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does National Goal 2 focus on regarding Nigeria’s biodiversity resources?

    <p>Reducing the pressures on biodiversity and promoting its sustainable use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element required for the transformation of biological diversity into wealth?

    <p>Active collaboration with private and civil society sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystems are highlighted in national goals for rehabilitation?

    <p>Critical ecosystems like wetlands and tropical rainforests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the vision for resource management in Nigeria's biodiversity action plan?

    <p>Shared and sustainable management across communities and generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major impacts of gully erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>Destroys essential infrastructure for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to biodiversity loss in Nigeria due to high demand pressure?

    <p>High population growth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of obsolete legislative frameworks concerning biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Poor legislative enforcement hindering conservation efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which challenge is associated with poor land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Increased conflicts leading to rural impoverishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's population is reported to be living in poverty?

    <p>46.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best defines the primary difference between renewable and non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>Renewable resources can be used indefinitely, while non-renewable resources cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately captures the concept of biodiversity?

    <p>Biodiversity encompasses the variety and variability of all living organisms and their ecological complexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource type is characterized as being permanently expandable?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the characteristics of soil in Nigeria?

    <p>Time of day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the significance of aquatic ecosystems in Nigeria?

    <p>They serve as habitats for diverse biological species and support fisheries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the types of natural resources in Nigeria is correct?

    <p>Nigeria has abundant agricultural land for food production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following abiotic factors can influence a biome's characteristics?

    <p>Temperature and precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of overgrazing on natural resources?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principal form linking poverty and environmental issues?

    <p>Dependence on illegal resource extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the Federal Ministry of Environment in Nigeria?

    <p>Advising government on conservation and utilization of forest resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for the enforcement of all environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reason best explains why rural populations in Nigeria are particularly vulnerable to environmental degradation?

    <p>They rely heavily on natural resources for their livelihood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a focus area for the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

    <p>Constitution and protection of forest lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of people’s health that links natural resources and poverty?

    <p>Exposure to environmental toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of resource-related challenge do rural populations face in relation to environmental risks?

    <p>Limited knowledge of sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual loss of range land and crop land to desertification reported in Nigeria?

    <p>867,000 Ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors significantly contributes to the loss of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Cultural practices limiting species population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected impact of climate change on Nigeria’s GDP by 2050 if no adaptation measures are taken?

    <p>Loss of between 6% and 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's land area is currently protected for biodiversity conservation?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of unsustainable resource harvesting in Nigeria?

    <p>High dependency on fuel wood by households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms best describes the impact of corruption on biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria?

    <p>Creating open loops in resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of Nigeria's National Goal 1 related to biodiversity?

    <p>Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the influence of traditional medicine markets on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>They contribute significantly to high biodiversity intake from the wild.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change specifically threaten Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>By leading to ecosystem degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the relationship between socio-cultural characteristics and biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Food customs lead to the extinction of wild species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does Nigeria's National Goal 2 emphasize to promote biodiversity resources?

    <p>Reducing direct pressures on biodiversity resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of politicians in biodiversity conservation challenges in Nigeria?

    <p>They have contributed to the de-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystems does Nigeria prioritize for conservation according to the National Goals?

    <p>Critical ecosystems like wetlands and tropical rainforests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of Nigerian households depend on fuel wood for energy needs?

    <p>Around 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is aimed at improving the status of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Safeguarding ecosystems and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant expected outcome of involving the private sector in biodiversity management?

    <p>Enhanced wealth creation and employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended benefit of mainstreaming biodiversity into national planning?

    <p>To integrate ecological considerations in decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is adequate representation of ecosystems essential according to Nigeria's National Goals?

    <p>To establish set conservation areas effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which challenge is addressed by Nigeria's National Biodiversity Action Plan?

    <p>Decline in biodiversity, including habitats and species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major issue contributes to biodiversity loss in Nigeria related to legislation?

    <p>Obsolete biodiversity-related legislations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does population growth affect biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>It increases over-exploitation of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What land issue has been identified as a catalyst for biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>Poor land use planning and unclear tenure rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the high poverty rate in Nigeria regarding natural resources?

    <p>Greater reliance on the exploitation of biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines renewable natural resources and provides an example?

    <p>Resources that can be replenished by nature in a human time scale; example: Wind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents a characteristic of biodiversity?

    <p>Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms and their variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to influence the availability of non-renewable resources?

    <p>Natural replenishment of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major abiotic factor that characterizes a biome?

    <p>Temperature and amounts of precipitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of land resource can be directly linked to human agricultural activities in Nigeria?

    <p>Arable land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about non-renewable natural resources is accurate?

    <p>Their future availability is impacted by the current level of use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can significantly affect biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems in Nigeria?

    <p>Overfishing of commercial species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of overgrazing in relation to land?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population group is generally the most affected by environmental degradation?

    <p>Rural populations relying on natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor access to natural resources impact people's health?

    <p>Heightens vulnerability to various diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the Federal Ministry of Environment's responsibilities?

    <p>It advises on conservation and management of biodiversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a principal form linking poverty and environment as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Vulnerability to natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA)?

    <p>To enforce environmental laws in the country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant governance issue affecting natural resource management in Nigeria?

    <p>Corruption leading to unsustainable resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource is particularly vital for maintaining livelihoods in rural areas?

    <p>Freshwater resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Forestry Department primarily focus on?

    <p>Constitution and protection of forest lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural practice contributes to species population decline in Nigeria?

    <p>Consumption of endangered species as delicacies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a risk associated with environmental changes?

    <p>Weather fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential economic impact could climate change have on Nigeria's GDP by 2020?

    <p>Loss of 2% to 11%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for conserving biodiversity at the state level?

    <p>State Ministries of Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does unsustainable harvesting of resources primarily affect Nigerian households?

    <p>High reliance on fuel wood for energy needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major reason for biodiversity loss in Nigeria according to governance issues?

    <p>Corruption leading to de-reservation of protected areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a stated effect of climate change on Nigeria's future?

    <p>Loss of agricultural biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 'juju' market play regarding biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Contributes significantly to biodiversity intake from the wild</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated carbon emission per capita in Nigeria in 2018?

    <p>0.7 tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are traditional cultural practices viewed in southern Nigeria regarding wild resources?

    <p>Normal and sometimes a delicacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of National Goal 1 in relation to biodiversity?

    <p>To address causes of biodiversity loss through integrated planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Nigeria's National Biodiversity Action Plan define environmental resources?

    <p>As assets that can be built upon and transferred across generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem is prioritized for conservation efforts according to National Goal 2?

    <p>Freshwater lakes and rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To achieve sustainable use of biodiversity resources, which action is emphasized under National Goal 2?

    <p>Strengthening conservation measures across ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central aspect of the plan to benefit from Nigeria's genetic and biochemical resources?

    <p>Ensuring equitable sharing of benefits with communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important contribution expected from the private sector according to the Biodiversity Action Plan?

    <p>Involvement in resource management and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is advocated to rehabilitate critical ecosystems in Nigeria?

    <p>Mainstreaming biodiversity into national values and policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which national goal is focused on improving the status of biodiversity?

    <p>National Goal 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of addressing the root causes of biodiversity loss?

    <p>A reduction in biodiversity decline rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do civil society organizations play in the Biodiversity Action Plan?

    <p>They are partners in development and resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>Current use impacts future availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines biodiversity?

    <p>The variety and variability of all living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factor is NOT listed as influencing biomes?

    <p>Biological species diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of natural resource includes minerals such as tin and zinc?

    <p>Non-renewable resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly contributes to the characteristics of soil in Nigeria?

    <p>Types of soil particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about freshwater ecosystems in Bayelsa state is accurate?

    <p>They support a variety of aquatic species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria?

    <p>Sustainable use of biological resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates flow resources from stock resources?

    <p>Flow resources are not permanently expandable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to the high rate of biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>High population growth and poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant economic impact does gully erosion have in Nigeria?

    <p>It causes damage estimated at over $100 million annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary issue arises from poor land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Conflicts over land tenure and resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the current status of biodiversity legislation in Nigeria?

    <p>Obsolete laws hinder effective biodiversity conservation efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high poverty impact biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>It drives over-exploitation of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major consequence of governance issues on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>De-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do socio-cultural practices in Nigeria impact biodiversity?

    <p>They promote the use of specific species for rituals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could climate change potentially lead to in terms of Nigeria's economic performance by 2050?

    <p>Loss of 6%-30% of GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors significantly contributes to biodiversity loss through resource consumption in Nigeria?

    <p>Illegal logging practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important impact of unsustainable harvesting of resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Resource depletion for fuel wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigerian households depend on fuel wood consumption for energy needs?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant cultural economic practice impacting biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Traditional medicine market ('juju' market)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the effect of climate change assessed in Nigeria according to a national strategy?

    <p>By analyzing GDP impact estimates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the governance of biodiversity in Nigeria described as being in an open loop?

    <p>Extension services related to biodiversity have collapsed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of overgrazing on land?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are rural populations in Nigeria primarily affected by environmental degradation?

    <p>They depend on good quality natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one aspect of the link between poverty and environment?

    <p>Dependence on quality natural resources for livelihoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is tasked with enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental risks contribute to the vulnerability of the poorest populations?

    <p>Natural disasters and climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the Forestry Department serve?

    <p>Protects forest lands and enforces relevant legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact does desertification have according to the information?

    <p>Reduction in water availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the relationship between natural resources and poverty?

    <p>Most vulnerable populations rely heavily on natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is NOT involved in biodiversity and natural resource management in Nigeria?

    <p>Federal Ministry of Transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of National Goal 1 regarding biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Address the causes of biodiversity loss through integrated planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem is specifically mentioned in the National Goals as critical for conservation?

    <p>Grasslands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy does the National Biodiversity Action Plan suggest to increase economic development?

    <p>Involving both the private sector and civil society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does National Goal 2 emphasize for sustainable biodiversity use?

    <p>Reducing direct pressures on biodiversity resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the perspective towards environmental resources per the National Biodiversity Action Plan?

    <p>Environmental resources are to be regarded as a tradeable asset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one expected outcome of the integrated approach to land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Slow down the decline of ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do private sector partnerships play in the management of Nigeria's biological resources?

    <p>They help to harness resources for wealth creation and employment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does National Goal 3 focus on regarding biodiversity?

    <p>Improvement through the safeguard of ecosystems and species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the National Biodiversity Action Plan propose to capture benefits from genetic resources?

    <p>By sharing equitable benefits among communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is suggested to conserve important ecosystems and species across Nigeria?

    <p>Setting up conservation areas with adequate representation of ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly contributes to biodiversity loss due to high demand on resources?

    <p>High population growth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major issue resulting from poor land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Increased conflicts over land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes renewable natural resources?

    <p>Resources that can be replenished naturally within an acceptable timeframe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's population is identified as living in poverty?

    <p>46.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge regarding existing biodiversity legislation in Nigeria?

    <p>Obsolete and non-implementable laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>Their current use affects future availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component does NOT characterize biodiversity?

    <p>The total area of land dedicated to agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Nigeria's natural resource endowment, which of the following resources is NOT mentioned?

    <p>Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is primarily influenced by soil types in Nigeria?

    <p>The land's suitability for agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the relationship between human activities and the ecosystem in Nigeria?

    <p>Human activities, such as waste from processing, directly affect soil and aquatic ecosystems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is considered an abiotic factor in defining a biome?

    <p>Temperature and precipitation levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the impact of aquatic ecosystems in Nigeria is correct?

    <p>They serve as habitats for various species including fisheries and aquatic plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of overgrazing on plant material?

    <p>Leads to permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor access to natural resources affect rural populations in Nigeria?

    <p>Makes them more susceptible to environmental degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form linking poverty and the environment?

    <p>Increased access to advanced technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Federal Ministry of Environment serve in biodiversity management?

    <p>Advises on matters related to conservation and regeneration of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environmental risks can increase the vulnerability of rural populations?

    <p>Weather fluctuations and climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which department is specifically responsible for the constitution and protection of forest lands?

    <p>Forestry Department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of losing range land and cropland to desertification?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between natural resources and poverty?

    <p>Poor access to natural resources increases vulnerability for rural poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary responsibilities of the State Ministries of Environment?

    <p>Protecting the environment and conserving biodiversity at the state level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of national biodiversity planning in Nigeria?

    <p>To integrate biodiversity into national planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is taken to ensure sustainable use of Nigeria’s biodiversity resources?

    <p>Concerted efforts to conserve important ecosystems and habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is not part of the strategy for transforming biological diversity into biological resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Limiting public awareness about biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of National Goal 3 in Nigeria's biodiversity strategy?

    <p>To safeguard ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is directed towards addressing biodiversity loss in Nigeria's National Goal 1?

    <p>Designing an integrated approach to land use planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of including the private sector in Nigeria’s biodiversity initiatives?

    <p>Enhancement of wealth creation through resource management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between biodiversity and economic development in Nigeria?

    <p>Biodiversity contributes to economic development through resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable use entail in the context of biodiversity according to Nigeria’s national goals?

    <p>Conserving ecosystems while allowing for responsible resource extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem is highlighted as essential for conservation efforts in Nigeria?

    <p>Tropical rainforests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of corruption in the management of Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>De-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change potentially affect Nigeria's GDP by 2050?

    <p>Potential loss of 6%-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cultural practices play in the biodiversity of Nigeria?

    <p>Limiting the population of specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the reliance on fuel wood a concern for biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>It contributes to illegal logging and deforestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which market significantly impacts biodiversity through the intake of wild resources in Nigeria?

    <p>The 'juju' or traditional medicine market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated carbon emission production per capita in Nigeria for 2018?

    <p>0.7 tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does the failure to curb illegal logging present to biodiversity?

    <p>It threatens the survival of various species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact is expected from climate change according to Nigeria's National Adaptation Strategy?

    <p>Financial strain on multiple sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to the threat against Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Socio-cultural consumption of wild resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Executive Short-Term Courses in Environmental Standards

    • Track B: Proficiency Certificate in Environmental Standards
    • Module 1, Day 7, Session 3
    • Topic: Natural Resources and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria

    Objectives and Learning Outcomes

    • Objectives
      • Understand natural resources endowment in Nigeria and their geographical distribution
      • Understand links between natural resources, poverty, and environmental degradation
    • Learning Outcomes
      • Participants conversant with the types, spread and uses of Natural Resources in Nigeria
      • Participants aware of the concept of Biodiversity, policies, threats and conservation efforts in Nigeria

    Course Content

    • Introduction
    • Statistics on Natural Resources
    • Ecological regions in Nigeria
    • Species in Nigeria
    • Water and Forestry Resources
    • Agricultural Resources in Nigeria
    • Mineral Resources in Nigeria
    • Oil Resources in Nigeria
    • Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss
    • Government Institutions related to Biodiversity and Natural Resources
    • Vision and Goals

    Introduction-Review of Basic Terms and Concepts

    • Resources: Physical materials constituting part of the Earth that people need and value
    • Natural Resources: Natural substances humans use (sunlight, land, water, air, soil, forests, fisheries, minerals, oil)
    • Renewable Natural Resources (Flow Resources): Naturally replenished in human time scale (wind, sunlight, water)
    • Non-renewable Natural Resources (Stock Resources): Permanently expandable; current use affects future availability (coal, crude oil, minerals)
    • Biome: Large environment characterized by abiotic (temperature, precipitation, pH, light) and biotic factors
    • Biodiversity: Number, variety and variability of living organisms in ecosystems (terrestrial, marine, aquatic)

    Introduction-Natural Resources Endowment in Nigeria

    • Land mass: 923,770 km2
    • Bordering countries: Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Atlantic Ocean
    • Population: ~180 million
    • Resources: Arable land, crude oil, natural gas, minerals (tin, iron ore, coal, lead, zinc, limestone, niobium)
    • Water bodies: Freshwater (rivers, creeks, ponds, lakes, streams), estuarine, marine
    • Soil types: Clay, silt, sand

    Statistics on Nigeria in 2020

    • Population: 206.14 million
    • Surface Area: 923.8 thousand km2
    • Forest Area: 216.2 thousand km2
    • Protected areas (terrestrial and marine): 11.6% of total area
    • Poverty rate: 40.1%
    • GDP: US$ 432.29 billion

    Key Agricultural Statistics in Nigeria

    • Agricultural contribution to GDP: ~22%
    • Agricultural employment: >36% of labor force
    • Agricultural trade deficit (2019): N689.7 billion (compared to N549.3 billion in 2018)

    Ecological Regions of Nigeria

    • (Details of biomes and their characteristics are listed from the doc)*

    Species in Nigeria

    • Endemic flora: 91 species belonging to 44 families
    • Threatened species (IUCN Red List 2013): ~309
      • Categories: Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Molluscs, Invertebrates, Plants
    • Biodiversity related sites: National Parks (7), Important Bird Areas (27), Ramsar sites (>60%), World Heritage Sites (2), Forest Reserves, Game Reserves, Biosphere Reserve, Sacred Groves
    • Protected areas: ~8 national parks, ~445 forest reserves, ~12 strict nature reserves, ~28 game reserves

    Agricultural Resources

    • Oil palm production states: Enugu, Imo, Ondo, etc
    • Cocoa production states: Edo, Oyo, Osun, etc
    • Cotton production states: Northern and Southwestern Nigeria (Kano, Kaduna, etc)
    • Groundnut production states: Kano, Kaduna, Taraba, etc
    • Rice production states: Ebonyi, Kaduna, Kano, etc

    Agricultural Resources (ctd..)

    • Rice production (2017-2018): 3.7 million to 4.0 million metric tons
    • Rice import: ~3 million metric tons annual deficit
    • Main rice producing states: Ebonyi, Kaduna, Kano, etc
    • Timber production states: Cross River, Edo, Ondo, Ogun, Delta
    • Tomatoes production: 1.701 million tons annually

    State of the Agricultural Sector

    • Agricultural export earnings (2019): <2% of total exports relative to crude oil
    • Major agricultural exports: Sesame, cashew nuts, cocoa beans, ginger, frozen shrimp, cotton.
    • Major agricultural imports: Wheat, sugar, fish, milk
    • Agricultural import increase (2018-2019): ~12.7%

    Water Resources

    • River names used for state names
    • Available surface water: ~215 cubic kilometers annually
    • Water management challenges: Quality, quantity, availability, uses determination

    Forestry Resources

    • Forest cover: ~7.2% of total land area
    • Deforestation rate: Between 0.72% and 2.38% annually

    Animal Production

    • Nigeria's fish consumption: ~3.2 million metric tons annually
    • Fish production (aquaculture + fisheries): ~1 million metric tons annually

    Animal Husbandry

    • Livestock (Nigeria): Goats, sheep, cattle
    • Poultry population: ~180 million
    • Livestock focus in Northern Nigeria

    Mineral Resources

    • Crude oil production: 4th largest globally
    • Crude oil export: 5th largest globally
    • Oil deposits: Niger Delta, Southern/South-Eastern Nigeria
    • Coal deposits: Enugu (coal city)
    • Other mineral deposits (iron, copper, gold, tin, zinc, silver, and clay): various states

    Oil Resources

    • Oil production: 11th largest globally
    • Oil export value (2019): ~47 billion US dollars
    • Oil production decline (2019-2020): due to lowered demand from COVID-19 pandemic

    Agriculture Challenges

    • Land tenure, low irrigation, climate change, land degradation
    • Poor technology, high production costs
    • Distribution of inputs, limited financing
    • Post-harvest losses, poor access to markets
    • Food import increase, declining food sufficiency

    Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss

    • (Details of various factors affecting biodiversity loss are detailed in the doc, encompassing policy aspects, and human activities)*
    • (Details concerning government policies regarding biodiversity, and their responsibilities are provided in the doc)*

    Government Policies and Programs

    • Initiatives: Agricultural Promotion Policy, Nigeria-Africa Trade and Investment Promotion Program, Presidential Economic Diversification Initiative, Zero Reject Initiative, etc

    Nigeria's Long-Term Vision for Biodiversity Management

    • Vision: A healthy living environment where people live in harmony with nature and sustain biodiversity gains
    • Focus: integrating biodiversity into national planning and societal values;
    • Ensuring a secure future with equitable sharing of benefits from diverse sources

    National Goals

    • (Specific goals for reducing the underlying causes and pressures on biodiversity resources within Nigeria's ecosystems)*

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    Natural Resources and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on natural resources and biodiversity conservation in Nigeria. This quiz covers various topics including ecological regions, types of natural resources, and the importance of biodiversity. Enhance your understanding of the links between natural resources, poverty, and environmental degradation.

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