Natural Resources and Biodiversity in Nigeria
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Questions and Answers

What significantly affects the future availability of non-renewable resources?

  • Natural replenishment cycles
  • Biodiversity levels
  • Current level of use (correct)
  • The specific climate conditions

Which of the following is NOT a component of biodiversity?

  • Ecological complexes
  • Number of biological organisms
  • Variability of organisms
  • Soil composition (correct)

Which mineral resource is NOT listed as being available in Nigeria?

  • Copper (correct)
  • Iron ore
  • Tin
  • Limestone

What is one of the abiotic factors that characterizes a biome?

<p>Temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of water bodies can be found in Nigeria?

<p>Freshwater and estuarine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about non-renewable resources is true?

<p>They are available in fixed amounts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which habitat type includes both freshwater and saltwater interphases in Nigeria?

<p>Estuarine habitat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many threatened species are reported in the IUCN Red list for Nigeria?

<p>309 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which taxonomic category has the highest number of threatened species in Nigeria?

<p>Plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's GDP does agriculture contribute on average?

<p>24% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Out of the total land area in Nigeria, how many hectares are noted as potential for crop and livestock production?

<p>70.8 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the protected areas established in Nigeria?

<p>Wildlife sanctuaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rank of agriculture in terms of employment in Nigeria?

<p>Largest employer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Important Bird Areas are reported in Nigeria?

<p>27 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vegetation zones is NOT mentioned as part of Nigeria's biodiversity sites?

<p>National Wildlife Refuges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria?

<p>To enhance the genetic value of economically significant species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is primarily responsible for supporting biodiversity conservation in grazing reserves?

<p>Ministry of Agriculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Non-Governmental Organizations play in biodiversity conservation?

<p>They engage in awareness campaigns and lobby for conservation support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the responsibilities of the Ministry of Water Resources?

<p>Establishing genetic banks for crops. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus area of the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN)?

<p>In-situ conservation of species of rubber. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution collaborates with universities to conduct research on species management?

<p>National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conservation methods do universities and technical schools focus on?

<p>Both in situ and ex situ conservation methods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant function of the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI)?

<p>Conservation of ex-situ gene banks for cereals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main objectives of the Nigerian biodiversity policy?

<p>To capture an equitable share of benefits from genetic resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the first national goal emphasize?

<p>Mainstreaming biodiversity into national planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct pressure on Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

<p>Habitat destruction and overexploitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Nigerian biodiversity policy view environmental resources?

<p>As potential assets that can be shared across generations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is proposed to improve biodiversity status in Nigeria?

<p>Safeguarding ecosystems and genetic diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the private sector and civil society play in biodiversity management according to the policy?

<p>They act as partners in harnessing biological resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ecosystems are prioritized for conservation in Nigeria's national goals?

<p>Critical ecosystems like mangroves and tropical rainforests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant approach to land use planning in Nigeria’s biodiversity strategy?

<p>Integrated approach to support ecosystem rehabilitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology in Ibadan?

<p>Conservation of seed field gene bank for various plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative aims at reversing forest loss and promoting sustainable management of natural resources?

<p>Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of the Agriculture Promotion Policy (APP)?

<p>To increase agricultural productivity and meet food demands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regulations specifically addresses soil erosion and flood control?

<p>National Environmental (Soil Erosion and Flood Control) Regulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program is aimed at addressing desertification?

<p>Action Against Desertification (AAD) Program (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the National Environmental (Protection of Endangered Species in International Trade) Regulations, S.I.No. 16, 2011?

<p>To protect endangered species from exploitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative aims to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce climate vulnerability?

<p>Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulation addresses the control of alien and invasive species?

<p>National Environmental (Control of Alien and Invasive Species) Regulations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's labor force is employed in the agricultural sector?

<p>36% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Nigeria's agricultural budget for research and development in 2019 is correct?

<p>It was only about N40 billion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate contribution of agriculture to Nigeria's GDP as of Q1 2020?

<p>22% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tractor density in Nigeria as measured in horsepower per hectare?

<p>0.27 hp/hectare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage represents the surface area of terrestrial and marine protected areas in Nigeria?

<p>11.6% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the population of Nigeria in 2020?

<p>206.14 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of CO2 emissions per capita in Nigeria?

<p>0.67 metric tons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector contributes 28% to Nigeria's GDP based on the statistics provided?

<p>Industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual estimated cost of deforestation and environmental degradation?

<p>$6 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of soil erosion affecting Nigeria?

<p>Sheet and gully erosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly contributes to biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

<p>46.4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major issues regarding land use planning in Nigeria?

<p>Lack of clarity in tenure rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much land is highly exposed to erosion in Nigeria?

<p>3400 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of legislative constraints currently hinder biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

<p>Obsolete existing laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of severe soil erosion in Nigeria?

<p>Destruction of essential infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated damage caused by gully erosion in Nigeria annually?

<p>$100 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of livestock is most commonly reared by farm families in Nigeria?

<p>Goats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Nigerian crude oil that makes it valuable?

<p>Low sulphur content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which area of Nigeria are the richest deposits of crude oil primarily located?

<p>Niger Delta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state in Nigeria is known as the 'coal city' due to its vast coal deposits?

<p>Enugu (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated amount of iron ore found in Itakpe, Kogi State?

<p>3 billion tons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral resource has a significant presence in several states including Kaduna, Enugu, and Imo?

<p>Iron Ore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many poultry are estimated to be in Nigeria?

<p>180 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT associated with coal deposits in Nigeria?

<p>Rivers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of overgrazing?

<p>Permanent loss of plant cover (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between natural resources and poverty?

<p>The poorest populations are most dependent on natural resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is responsible for environmental law enforcement in Nigeria?

<p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does poor access to natural resources impact rural populations in Nigeria?

<p>It affects their health and livelihoods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of the Federal Ministry of Environment?

<p>Regulate agricultural policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which natural risk concerns are rural populations vulnerable to?

<p>Natural disasters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

<p>Constitute and protect forest lands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major environmental issue is highlighted in relation to land in Nigeria?

<p>Desertification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responsibilities of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria?

<p>To improve genetic value of species with economic potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ministry supports biodiversity conservation in grazing reserves?

<p>Ministry of Agriculture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conservation technique is the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) involved with?

<p>Conservation of ex-situ gene banks for cereals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major focus of Nigeria's long-term vision for biodiversity management?

<p>Integrating biodiversity into national programs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conservation methods do universities and technical schools primarily focus on?

<p>In situ and ex situ conservation methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution focuses on the in-situ conservation of rubber species?

<p>Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is genetic material viewed in the context of Nigeria's biodiversity strategy?

<p>As a strategic and fragile resource (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an expected benefit of enhancing Nigeria's trade and investment capacity?

<p>Reduction in international competitiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responsibilities of the Ministry of Water Resources?

<p>Development of surface and underground water resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of Agriculture based Research Institutions?

<p>To conduct in-situ and ex-situ conservation of specific species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle is emphasized in Nigeria’s long-term vision for biodiversity management?

<p>Ecological sustainability and social equity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is emphasized in Nigeria's biodiversity policy?

<p>Deployment of genetic resources as natural capital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a key resource in Nigeria's approach to biodiversity?

<p>Genetic materials for conservation and sustainable use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of biodiversity, what is Nigeria striving for according to its vision?

<p>A living environment in harmony with nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial role does Nigeria assign to biodiversity in its socio-economic development?

<p>Biodiversity is viewed as natural capital for socio-economic growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a biome?

<p>A large environment characterized by abiotic and biotic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes non-renewable natural resources?

<p>Future availability depends on current usage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of water bodies are NOT part of Nigeria's waterways?

<p>Glaciers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the listed resources, which is categorized as a stock resource?

<p>Coal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two dimensions of biodiversity?

<p>The number of biological organisms and their variability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of soil is NOT mentioned as a type that varies in Nigeria?

<p>Loam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states produces the most cocoa in Nigeria?

<p>Ondo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crop is predominantly grown in the northern part of Nigeria?

<p>Groundnut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aquatic species is commonly found in Nigerian aquatic ecosystems?

<p>Catfish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of rice consumed in Nigeria is locally produced?

<p>57% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a leading state in oil palm production in Nigeria?

<p>Kano (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cash crop has historically been a significant source of income for Nigeria?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As of 2018, how much had Nigeria's rice production increased from the previous year?

<p>300,000 metric tons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state is the largest producer of cotton in Nigeria?

<p>Kano (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated deficit in rice production in Nigeria?

<p>3 million metric tons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the aims of the National Agricultural Trade and Investment Promotion Program (NATIPP)?

<p>To stimulate growth in agricultural exports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organizations is involved in facilitating new investments in agriculture?

<p>Nigerian Export Promotion Council (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the National Agricultural Information System?

<p>To provide access to market information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason for offering economic incentives to the agricultural sector in Nigeria?

<p>To reduce dependence on foreign imports (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of agriculture is significantly targeted by the Nigerian Export-Import Bank?

<p>Enhancing trade capacity in agricultural exports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's total area is classified as terrestrial and marine protected areas?

<p>11.6% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of Nigeria's GDP is contributed by the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors?

<p>24% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of the Nigerian population was classified as living below the national poverty line in 2020?

<p>40.1% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What amount was earmarked by the Nigerian government for agricultural research and development in 2019?

<p>N40 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated average contribution of the agricultural sector to employment in Nigeria?

<p>36% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As of 2020, how many million people are recorded as Nigeria's population?

<p>206.14 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's workers are involved in smallholder farming?

<p>80% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage contribution of agriculture to Nigeria's GDP over the past seven years?

<p>24% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which taxonomic category has the fewest threatened species in Nigeria according to the IUCN Red List 2013?

<p>Molluscs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many National Parks are reported to be in Nigeria?

<p>8 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest sector in Nigeria in terms of employment?

<p>Agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category has the highest representation of threatened species in Nigeria?

<p>Plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's total land area has the potential for crop and livestock production?

<p>70.8 million hectares (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate employment percentage of the rural population engaged in agriculture?

<p>80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many threatened species are identified in the IUCN Red List for Nigeria?

<p>309 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's population has access to safely managed drinking water?

<p>20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to deforestation in Nigeria?

<p>Expansion of agricultural land (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate annual fish consumption in Nigeria?

<p>3.2 million metric tons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of forest covers the least area in Nigeria according to the UNDP Development Report?

<p>Savanna forests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of waters contribute most significantly to Nigeria’s total fish production?

<p>Inland waters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deforestation rate in Nigeria as reported by FAO in 2018?

<p>0.72 to 2.38 percent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of forest product is commonly obtained from southern forests in Nigeria?

<p>Non-timber forest products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in Nigeria has access to safely managed sanitation services?

<p>27% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's GDP was contributed by agriculture as of Q1 2020?

<p>22% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector is reported to have the largest share of employment in Nigeria?

<p>Agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's labor force work in the agriculture sector?

<p>36% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the population of Nigeria as reported in 2020?

<p>206.14 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of the surface area of terrestrial and marine protected areas in Nigeria?

<p>11.6% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of the Nigerian agriculture budget was earmarked for research and development in 2019?

<p>N40 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the GDP of Nigeria as reported in 2020?

<p>US$ 432.29 billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crop currently has the largest share of agricultural exports from Nigeria?

<p>Cocoa beans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's total export earnings did agriculture account for in 2019?

<p>2% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which river management issue continues to pose challenges in Nigeria despite abundant water resources?

<p>Water quality and availability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states in Nigeria is a significant area for tobacco cultivation?

<p>Osun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of livestock that is most commonly reared by farm families in Nigeria?

<p>Goats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What category of agricultural products constitutes a large portion of Nigeria's imports?

<p>Grains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region in Nigeria is particularly known for its rich deposits of crude oil?

<p>Niger Delta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cash crop is notably produced in the northern regions of Nigeria?

<p>Tobacco (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Nigeria's livestock production is true?

<p>There are interventions to improve livestock production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral resource is primarily associated with Enugu State?

<p>Coal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of overgrazing on land?

<p>Permanent loss of plant cover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated annual production of tomatoes in Nigeria?

<p>1.701 million tons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Nigerian crude oil is highlighted regarding its density?

<p>Light and sweet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population demographic is most vulnerable to the degradation of natural resources?

<p>Rural populations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is faced particularly in rural areas regarding water resources in Nigeria?

<p>Access to clean water and sanitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Nigerian state is home to the largest known deposits of iron ore?

<p>Kogi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Federal Ministry of Environment primarily fulfill?

<p>Advises on conservation and utilization of forest resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is tasked with the enforcement of environmental laws in Nigeria?

<p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of small ruminants is most abundant in Nigeria's livestock population?

<p>Goats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the environment impact people's health according to the discussed links between natural resources and poverty?

<p>Poor quality environments can expose people to diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following regions is copper predominantly found in Nigeria?

<p>North Central and Southern Nigeria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responsibilities of state ministries of environment?

<p>Protecting the environment and conserving biodiversity at the state level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a principal form of links between poverty and the environment?

<p>Access to affordable housing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant risk do rural populations face in relation to natural resources?

<p>Poor access leading to vulnerability to environmental risks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the total agricultural trade deficit of Nigeria in 2019?

<p>N689.7 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ecological biome does the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic belong to?

<p>Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much did Nigerians spend on food items in 2019?

<p>N22.8 trillion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many years did Nigeria's cumulative agricultural imports stand at N3.35 trillion?

<p>Four years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family accounts for the highest number of endemic flora species in Nigeria?

<p>Rubiaceae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Nigeria's agricultural export amount within the same period of cumulative agricultural imports?

<p>N803 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ecological region in Nigeria is classified as a marine biome?

<p>Gulf of Guinea Central (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended tractor density specified in Nigeria?

<p>1.5 hp/hectare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Central African mangroves ecological region?

<p>Mangroves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of Nigeria’s long-term Vision for Biodiversity Management?

<p>Genetic materials as a strategic and fragile resource (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the vision for biodiversity integrate economic development with environmental sustainability?

<p>By deploying biodiversity as natural capital for socio-economic development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the National Biodiversity Action Plan aim to achieve?

<p>Integration of biodiversity into poverty reduction programs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of genetic materials is highlighted in Nigeria’s Vision for Biodiversity Management?

<p>They are considered fragile resources that must be conserved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Nigeria’s biodiversity policy, how should biodiversity be utilized?

<p>Sustainably and for socio-economic development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle does Nigeria’s long-term Vision for Biodiversity Management align with?

<p>Ecological sustainability and social equity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is essential for Nigeria’s biodiversity efforts?

<p>Conserving genetic materials for future socio-economic use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vision does Nigeria hold for the relationship between people and nature?

<p>A harmonious existence that supports both living conditions and biodiversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Agricultural Promotion Policy (APP)?

<p>To enhance access to international markets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative is specifically aimed at enhancing economic diversification in Nigeria?

<p>Presidential Economic Diversification Initiative (PEDI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Zero Reject Initiative focus on?

<p>Enhancing food security (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of barriers has the government placed on select agricultural products?

<p>Trade barriers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program is focused on promoting international trade for Nigerian products?

<p>Nigerian African Trade and Investment Promotion Program (NATIPP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's GDP did agriculture contribute as of Q1 2020?

<p>22% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of Nigeria's labor force is employed in the agricultural sector?

<p>36% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the total area in Nigeria is represented by terrestrial and marine protected areas?

<p>11.6% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate population of Nigeria in 2020?

<p>206.14 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage represents Nigeria's agricultural budget of the total GDP?

<p>1.8% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines in Nigeria?

<p>40.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the GDP of Nigeria in 2020?

<p>US$ 432.29 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are natural resources?

<p>Natural substances that are used by humans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following relates to the consequences of biodiversity loss?

<p>Diminished environmental quality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of resources are mentioned as central to Nigeria's economy?

<p>Water and fisheries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major threat to biodiversity in Nigeria?

<p>Urbanization and land development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector does NOT significantly contribute to Nigeria's natural resources?

<p>Microelectronics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are natural resources linked to poverty in Nigeria?

<p>Mismanagement of resources can exacerbate poverty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following natural materials is classified under agricultural resources in Nigeria?

<p>Water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal of government institutions related to biodiversity in Nigeria?

<p>To protect and conserve natural resources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary consequences of overgrazing?

<p>Permanent loss of plant cover (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between the poorest populations and natural resources?

<p>They are the most vulnerable to poor access and degradation of natural resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Federal Ministry of Environment play in Nigeria?

<p>It advises on conservation and regeneration of forest resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency is responsible for enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria?

<p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do environmental risks affect rural populations in Nigeria?

<p>They contribute to both health issues and livelihoods dependency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

<p>Developing regeneration programs for biological resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of environmental risks is particularly significant for the poorest populations?

<p>Dependence on quality natural resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of natural resource degradation is reported to be a critical issue in Nigeria?

<p>Desertification due to overgrazing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's export value in 2019 was generated by the mineral fuels, oils, and distillation products sector?

<p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a challenge faced by Nigeria’s agricultural sector?

<p>Low production cost (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the agricultural trade deficit in Nigeria in 2019?

<p>N689.7 billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual deforestation rate in Nigeria?

<p>3.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has Nigeria's agricultural productivity been affected by its population growth?

<p>Food imports exceed production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the impact of COVID-19 on oil production and export in Nigeria?

<p>Decreased production and export (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the cumulative agricultural imports value for Nigeria between 2016 and 2019?

<p>$8 billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much forest land does Nigeria lose each year due to deforestation?

<p>350,000-400,000 ha (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Ministry of Agriculture play in biodiversity conservation?

<p>Encourages consolidation of fragmented farm holdings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is responsible for the in-situ conservation of rubber species?

<p>Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Ministry of Water Resources contribute to biodiversity?

<p>Developing surface and underground water sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do Non-Governmental Organizations primarily serve in biodiversity conservation?

<p>Lobbying for legislative changes and funding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research institution focuses on the conservation of cereals in Nigeria?

<p>National Cereals Research Institute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What governance issue has significantly impacted biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

<p>Corruption among politicians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do certain cultural practices in Nigeria contribute to biodiversity loss?

<p>By encouraging overconsumption of specific species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one predicted economic impact of climate change on Nigeria by 2050?

<p>Loss of between 6% and 30% of GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant financial consequence of gully erosion in Nigeria?

<p>$100 million annually (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major cause of biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

<p>High levels of biodiversity management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has contributed to the unsustainable harvesting of resources in Nigeria?

<p>Dependence on fuel wood for energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of land area in Nigeria is currently protected?

<p>6% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of Nigeria's population is reported to be living in poverty according to the Human Development Index Report?

<p>46.4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in the governance of natural resources in Nigeria?

<p>Failure of governance and transparency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major land use issue has been identified as a catalyst for biodiversity degradation in Nigeria?

<p>Poor land use planning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agency's establishment represents a recent effort to address biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

<p>National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which market significantly influences biodiversity consumption in Nigeria?

<p>Traditional medicine market (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural and human-caused issue contributes significantly to soil erosion in Nigeria?

<p>Deforestation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do politicians play in the deterioration of biodiversity in Nigeria?

<p>They support non-sustainable development practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a consequence of poor legislative enforcement on biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

<p>Obsolescence of existing biodiversity laws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does high population growth have on biodiversity in Nigeria?

<p>Increases pressure on biodiversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population has access to safely managed drinking water in Nigeria?

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary factor contributing to deforestation in Nigeria?

<p>Urbanization (B), Grazing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total fish production per year in Nigeria?

<p>1 million metric tons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage range represents the deforestation rate in Nigeria?

<p>0.72% - 2.38% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of forest cover is primarily exploited for wood fuel in Nigeria?

<p>Savanna forests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is fishing considered vital for the poor in Nigeria?

<p>It serves as an important protein source at the household level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Nigerian population has access to safely managed sanitation services?

<p>27% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of the southern forests in Nigeria?

<p>Exclusively swamp forests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of rice consumed in Nigeria is locally produced?

<p>57% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT known for cocoa production in Nigeria?

<p>Kano (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state is primarily associated with groundnut production in Nigeria?

<p>Kano (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the world ranking of Nigeria in cocoa production?

<p>4th (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crop saw a production increase from 3.7 million metric tons in 2017 to 4.0 million metric tons in 2018?

<p>Rice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT involved in cotton farming in Nigeria?

<p>Cross River (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of Nigeria's rice consumption is satisfied through importation or smuggling?

<p>3 million metric tons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Nigerian state is recognized for being a major oil palm producer?

<p>Ekiti (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's GDP does the agricultural sector contribute as of Q1 2020?

<p>22% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of Nigeria's total area is designated as terrestrial and marine protected areas?

<p>11.6% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria’s farmers are classified as smallholder farmers?

<p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the total earmarked budget for agricultural research and development by the Nigerian government in 2019?

<p>N40 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the head count ratio of poverty at national poverty lines in Nigeria?

<p>40.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is primarily responsible for environmental pollution and forest degradation in Nigeria?

<p>Oil exploration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major consequence of gas flaring in Nigeria?

<p>Release of methane gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an invasive species in Nigeria?

<p>Nypa palm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do uncontrolled and illegal mining practices affect local environments in Nigeria?

<p>They cause environmental degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What threat do toxic chemical emissions pose to ecosystems in Nigeria?

<p>They harm aquatic and terrestrial organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has the emphasis on mining shifted in Nigeria?

<p>To support local artisans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the gas produced in Nigeria is flared due to lack of utilization infrastructure?

<p>75% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of invasive species on the livelihoods of local populations in Nigeria?

<p>Limitation of livelihood options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative was launched to improve economic diversification in Nigeria?

<p>The Economic Diversification Initiative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Zero Reject Initiative?

<p>To eliminate trade barriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Presidential Economic Diversification Initiative focus on?

<p>Diversifying Nigeria's economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program operates jointly to promote trade and investment in Nigeria?

<p>The Nigerian African Trade and Investment Promotion Program (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population has access to safely managed sanitation services?

<p>27% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major factor contributes to the deforestation rate in Nigeria?

<p>Urbanization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of forests are noted for providing significant timber and non-timber products in Nigeria?

<p>Southern forests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much fish is consumed annually in Nigeria?

<p>3.2 million metric tons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a primary use of southern forests in Nigeria?

<p>Timber logging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria’s total land area is constituted by forests?

<p>7.2% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ecosystem type is most prevalent in the northern regions of Nigeria?

<p>Savannahs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to deforestation in Nigeria?

<p>Climate change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the cumulative value of Nigeria's agricultural imports between 2016 and 2019?

<p>N3.35 trillion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's forests has been lost annually due to deforestation?

<p>3.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following challenges does not affect Nigeria's agricultural sector?

<p>High levels of irrigation farming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a non-renewable natural resource?

<p>Crude oil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary dimensions of biodiversity?

<p>The number of biological organisms and their variability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 2019, what was the approximate contribution of the mineral fuels sector to Nigeria's export value?

<p>80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the National Agricultural Information System?

<p>Enhancing access to agricultural market information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of the Nigerian Export-Import Bank?

<p>To facilitate international investment in agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Due to increased food imports, what was Nigeria's agricultural trade deficit in 2019?

<p>N689.7 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which abiotic factors are typically used to characterize a biome?

<p>Temperature, precipitation, and pH levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative is aimed at improving Nigeria's agricultural exports?

<p>The National Agricultural Trade Investment Policy Program (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the soil types found in Nigeria?

<p>The soil varies among clay, silts, and sand. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approximate area do the remaining forests occupy in Nigeria?

<p>923,767 km2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the NATIPP specifically aim to achieve?

<p>Facilitate new investments in agriculture and agro-allied industries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major reason Nigeria lost its status as a net exporter of cash crops?

<p>Inadequate food production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of human activities on soil in Nigeria?

<p>Accumulation of municipal and agricultural waste. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of initiatives are offered to stimulate growth in the agricultural industry?

<p>Economic incentives for agricultural exports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Nigeria's estimated oil production on a daily basis?

<p>1.61 million barrels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aquatic species are commonly found in Nigeria's freshwater ecosystems?

<p>Aquatic insects, fish, and shrimps. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Nigeria's population rank in relation to other countries in Africa?

<p>It is the most populated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant consequence of corruption on Nigeria's biodiversity?

<p>De-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural practice significantly impacts species populations in Nigeria?

<p>Celebration of seasonal festivals using local species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much could climate change potentially reduce Nigeria's GDP by 2050 without adaptation measures?

<p>6% to 30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fuel wood consumption in Nigeria is true?

<p>It meets the majority of energy needs in rural areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the traditional medicine market play in Nigeria's biodiversity?

<p>It contributes to high levels of biodiversity intake from the wild. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major barrier to effective governance concerning Nigeria's natural resources?

<p>Lack of extension services and transparency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does illegal logging have on Nigeria's biodiversity?

<p>It exacerbates biodiversity loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the National Agricultural Information System?

<p>To improve access to market information for agricultural stakeholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is primarily focused on promoting agricultural exports in Nigeria?

<p>Nigerian Export-Import Bank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NATIPP aim to achieve in the agricultural sector?

<p>Facilitate new investments in agricultural and agro-allied industries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the ways the Nigerian government aims to improve agricultural exports?

<p>By enhancing trade capacity and investment in the sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following initiatives is aimed at protecting local producers in Nigeria?

<p>The Agricultural Trade Capacity Enhancement Initiative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's export value was generated by the mineral fuels, oils, and distillation products' sector in 2019?

<p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Nigeria's agricultural trade deficit in 2019?

<p>N689.7 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the annual rate of deforestation in Nigeria?

<p>3.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By how much did the export value derived from oil drop in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>It dropped considerably (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Nigeria's forest land area is covered by the remaining forests?

<p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Nigeria's cumulative agricultural imports from 2016 to 2019?

<p>N3.35 trillion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of land degradation in Nigeria's agricultural sector?

<p>Declining agricultural productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which minerals are found in Taraba State?

<p>Silver and Uranium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT rich in lead deposits?

<p>Bauchi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate contribution of the oil sector to Nigeria's GDP in the second quarter of 2021?

<p>7.42 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these states has significant limestone deposits?

<p>Cross River (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which state is salt known as the 'salt of the Nation' found?

<p>Ebonyi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral resource is predominantly found in Jos and Bauchi?

<p>Tin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Nigeria's oil production rank is correct?

<p>It is the eleventh largest oil producer worldwide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state is NOT mentioned as having clay deposits?

<p>Ekiti (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action has contributed to the loss of biodiversity in Nigeria?

<p>Corruption leading to reservation destruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which socio-cultural factor influences biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

<p>Cultural festivals that utilize specific species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might climate change economically impact Nigeria by 2050?

<p>Result in a loss of 6% to 30% of GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for dependence on fuel wood consumption in Nigeria?

<p>Lack of effective energy policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which market in Nigeria plays a significant role in the depletion of biodiversity?

<p>Traditional medicine market (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recent estimate indicates the potential GDP loss due to climate change impacts by 2020?

<p>2% to 11% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors limits the population of species within Nigeria's ecosystems?

<p>Cultural practices for festival celebrations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the Government initiatives related to agriculture?

<p>To provide sufficient quantities of food to meet domestic demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative specifically focuses on reversing forest loss and degradation?

<p>Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program aims at addressing desertification in Nigeria?

<p>Action Against Desertification (AAD) Program (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main objectives of the National Environmental regulations?

<p>To protect and manage ecosystems and biodiversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology primarily focused on?

<p>Conservation of seed field gene bank for various plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a goal of the Economic and Export Promotion Incentives?

<p>To improve agricultural productivity for international markets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regulations was established most recently?

<p>National Environmental (Desertification Control and Drought Mitigation) Regulations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of National Goal 1 in Nigeria's biodiversity policy?

<p>Address the causes of biodiversity loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is emphasized for managing Nigeria's biological resources?

<p>Partnership between the private sector and civil society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of National Goal 2 regarding Nigeria's biodiversity?

<p>Promote sustainable resource use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of environmental resources is highlighted in the biodiversity policy?

<p>They can be shared and transferred across generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ecosystems is prioritized for conservation in Nigeria's national biodiversity goals?

<p>Grasslands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What long-term benefit does the Nigerian biodiversity policy aim to achieve from its biological resources?

<p>Employment and wealth creation for communities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant component of protecting biodiversity according to National Goal 3?

<p>Safeguarding ecosystems and genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects Nigeria's approach to biodiversity in terms of economic development?

<p>Biodiversity is recognized as an asset for economic development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Renewable Natural Resources

Resources that can be replenished by nature in a human timescale.

Non-renewable Natural Resources

Resources that are not replenished at a human timescale. Their availability is affected by current use.

Biome

A large area with specific abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in a given area, including the number and variability of organisms, and their ecosystems.

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Nigeria's Natural Resources

Nigeria has arable land, crude oil, gas, and many mineral resources.

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Aquatic Ecosystem Habitats

Freshwater, estuarine, and marine areas support various species of fish, mammals, reptiles, and other organisms.

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Soil Types in Nigeria

Nigerian soil consists of various types such as clay, silt, and sand.

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Human Impact on Soil

Human activities, including farming and waste disposal, directly affect the soil.

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Nigeria's Threatened Species

According to the IUCN Red List 2013, Nigeria has a total of 309 threatened species across various taxonomic categories, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, molluscs, invertebrates, and plants.

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Biodiversity Sites in Nigeria

Nigeria boasts a diverse array of biodiversity sites, including national parks, important bird areas, Ramsar sites, World Heritage Sites, forest reserves, game reserves, a biosphere reserve, and sacred groves.

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Percentage of Threatened Wildlife in Nigeria

Approximately 0.14% of Nigeria's wildlife is considered threatened, and another 0.22% is classified as endangered.

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Nigeria's Agricultural Sectors

Agriculture in Nigeria is broadly divided into four sectors: crop production, fishing, livestock, and forestry.

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Largest Agricultural Sector

Crop production is the largest sector in Nigerian agriculture, accounting for approximately 87.6% of the sector's total output.

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Agriculture's Contribution to GDP

Agriculture consistently contributes an average of 24% to Nigeria's GDP, making it a vital sector for the nation's economy.

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Agriculture's Employment Role

Agriculture employs over 36% of Nigeria's workforce, making it the largest employer in the country.

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Land Potential for Agriculture

Out of the 193 million hectares of land in Nigeria, approximately 70.8 million hectares have potential for crop and livestock production.

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Forestry Research Institute's Role

The Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria focuses on improving the genetic value of economically important plant species. They also work on better methods for cultivating, harvesting, and processing forest products.

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Ministry of Agriculture's Biodiversity Focus

The Ministry of Agriculture assists in biodiversity conservation within grazing reserves. This is done through measures like controlling hunting, managing plant harvesting, and promoting consolidation of farmland.

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Ministry of Water Resources' Biodiversity Role

The Ministry of Water Resources in Nigeria is responsible for managing water resources like rivers and underground water. They aim to ensure sustainable use for various purposes and protect water habitats.

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Universities' Contribution to Biodiversity

Universities and technical schools conduct research on controlling and managing species both in their natural habitats and in controlled environments. They also train future conservation experts.

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NGOs' Role in Biodiversity Conservation

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) support biodiversity conservation through various methods such as raising awareness, educating the public, researching, advocating for government support, participating in management plans, and seeking international funding.

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Rubber Research Institute's Focus

The Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria focuses on conserving rubber trees through various approaches, including preserving them in their natural habitats, maintaining seed banks, and using controlled environments for research.

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National Cereals Research Institute's Role

The National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) in Badagi, Nigeria, plays a crucial role in conserving cereals through preserving seeds and maintaining live collections in controlled settings.

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In-situ vs. Ex-situ Conservation: What's the Difference?

In-situ conservation means protecting species within their natural habitats while ex-situ conservation focuses on protecting them outside of their natural environment, often in controlled conditions like zoos, botanical gardens, or seed banks.

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NATIPP's Aim

The National Agricultural Technology and Input Programme (NATIPP) aims to improve the acceptability of Nigerian agricultural products internationally by enhancing their trade capacity.

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What does NATIPP do for Nigerian producers?

NATIPP helps protect local producers by promoting new investments in agriculture and related industries.

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How does NATIPP promote agricultural exports?

NATIPP reduces regulatory hurdles for agricultural exports, aiming to streamline the export process and make it easier for Nigerian producers to sell their goods abroad.

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What kind of incentives does NATIPP offer?

NATIPP provides economic incentives to encourage the growth of the agricultural industry, including specialized export markets and access to market information.

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Who plays a role in NATIPP?

The Nigerian Export-Import Bank, the Nigerian Export Promotion Council, and the National Agricultural Information System all contribute to NATIPP's success in improving Nigerian agricultural exports.

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National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology

A research center located in Ibadan, Nigeria, focused on preserving genetic resources of important plants like trees, fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. It aims to maintain a diverse seed bank for future use.

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Agriculture Promotion Policy (APP)

A government initiative in Nigeria designed to boost agricultural production and address challenges in farming. It focuses on promoting sustainable practices and increasing food sufficiency.

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What does REDD+ stand for?

REDD+ stands for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. This initiative aims to decrease carbon emissions by preventing deforestation and promoting sustainable forest management.

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Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP)

A program set up in Nigeria to combat soil erosion and promote sustainable watershed management. This initiative aims to control soil degradation and prevent floods.

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National Environmental (Wetlands, Riverbanks and Lake Shores) Regulations

These are environmental rules that govern the protection and management of wetlands, riverbanks, and lake shores in Nigeria. The purpose is to maintain the ecological balance of these valuable ecosystems.

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National Environmental (Soil Erosion and Flood Control) Regulations

These regulations in Nigeria aim to control soil erosion and prevent flooding to protect land and infrastructure. They promote sustainable land management practices.

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National Environmental (Desertification Control and Drought Mitigation) Regulations

These regulations in Nigeria address the problem of desertification and drought by promoting land management practices that combat soil degradation and improve water conservation.

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What is the goal of the 'Zero Reject Initiative'?

The Zero Reject Initiative in Nigeria aims to reduce food waste and ensure that all agricultural produce is utilized. This initiative promotes efficient food distribution and minimizes losses.

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Biological diversity as an asset

Viewing biodiversity as a valuable resource that can be shared, transferred, and developed for economic benefits.

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Equitable benefit sharing

Ensuring that communities and the nation benefit fairly from the use of their genetic and biochemical resources.

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Private sector involvement

Collaborating with private companies to harness biological resources for economic growth and job creation.

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National Goal 1: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss

Integrating biodiversity conservation into national planning and societal values to slow down the decline of species, habitats, and ecosystems.

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National Goal 2: Reduce direct pressures on biodiversity

Conserving ecosystems, habitats, and species across Nigeria, with a focus on establishing protected areas.

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National Goal 3: Improve the status of biodiversity

Safeguarding ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity through conservation efforts.

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Integrated land use planning

Designing a comprehensive approach to land management that considers the needs of biodiversity and human development.

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Adequate representation of ecosystems

Ensuring that all ecosystems are appropriately represented in conservation areas.

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Nigeria's Population

In 2020, Nigeria had a population of 206.14 million people.

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Nigeria's Land Area

Nigeria covers a surface area of 923.8 thousand square kilometers.

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Nigeria's Forest Area

In 2020, Nigeria had a forest area of 216.2 thousand square kilometers.

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Protected Areas in Nigeria

In 2020, approximately 11.6% of Nigeria's land area was designated as terrestrial and marine protected areas.

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What is Nigeria's GDP?

Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 was US$ 432.29 Billion.

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What percentage of Nigeria's GDP comes from agriculture?

The agricultural sector contributed about 24% to Nigeria's GDP in 2020.

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Agriculture's Role in Employment

The agricultural sector in Nigeria was the largest employer, employing more than 36% of the labor force.

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How much was allocated for agricultural research?

The government allocated only about N40 billion for agricultural research and development in 2019.

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Erosion's Cost in Nigeria

Gully erosion in Nigeria causes significant damage, estimated at over $100 million annually, impacting infrastructure and economic development.

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Biodiversity Loss: Population Growth

High population growth puts strain on biodiversity as over-exploitation increases due to higher demand for resources.

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Biodiversity Loss: Poverty

Poverty makes it difficult for people to sustainably use resources, leading to over-exploitation and biodiversity loss.

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Biodiversity Loss: Policy Constraints

Outdated laws and poor enforcement hinder biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria.

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Land Use Planning's Impact

Poor land use planning and unclear land ownership rights contribute to biodiversity degradation and loss in Nigeria.

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Biodiversity Loss: Land Tenure Conflicts

Unclear land rights often lead to conflicts and further degrade the environment, impacting local communities.

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National Biodiversity Action Plan

A plan implemented in 2015 to guide biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria, addressing key threats and promoting sustainable practices.

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REDD+ Initiative

A global initiative aimed at reducing carbon emissions by preventing deforestation and promoting sustainable forest management in developing countries.

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Nigeria's Livestock

The main livestock in Nigeria are goats, sheep, and cattle, primarily reared by farm families. The northern region is especially known for its livestock population.

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Why is Nigeria's livestock production underexploited?

While demand for livestock products is high, production remains low due to factors like limited resources, disease outbreaks, and lack of investment.

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Nigeria's Oil Deposits

Nigeria has vast crude oil reserves, ranking 4th in the world and 6th in production. The Niger Delta region is the main source of these deposits, particularly the Bonny Light crude oil known for its low density and sulfur content.

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Where else are mineral resources found in Nigeria?

Besides the Niger Delta, iron ore is found in states like Kogi, Enugu, and Kaduna. Coal deposits are abundant around Enugu, while copper is found in the north and some southern states.

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What are the challenges of Nigeria's mineral resources?

Despite abundant resources, Nigeria faces challenges in maximizing their benefits. These include environmental concerns, economic instability, and corruption.

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What is 'Bonny Light' crude oil?

A type of crude oil found in Nigeria, it's known for its light density (low viscosity) and low sulfur content, making it a high-quality oil.

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What is the role of Enugu in Nigeria's mineral resources?

Enugu, the capital of Anambra State, is called the 'Coal City' due to its extensive coal deposits. This makes it a center for mining and related industries.

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What are the key states for iron ore deposits in Nigeria?

Kogi, Enugu, Kaduna, Niger, Kwara, Bauchi, and Zamfara are the main states with iron ore reserves. This resource is vital for the steel industry.

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Overgrazing

When livestock eat plants faster than they can regrow, leading to permanent loss of vegetation.

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Links between Poverty and Natural Resources

The poorest people are often most dependent on natural resources and thus most vulnerable to their loss or degradation.

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Impact of Environmental Factors on Health

People's health is affected by environmental factors like polluted water, air pollution, and toxic substances.

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Dependence of Livelihoods on Natural Resources

Many people rely on natural resources like land, water, and forests for their livelihoods.

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Vulnerability to Environmental Risks

People are susceptible to environmental risks like natural disasters and climate change.

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Federal Ministry of Environment's Role

They advise the government on environmental conservation, utilization, and regeneration of natural resources.

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NESREA's Responsibility

The National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency enforces environmental laws in Nigeria.

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Forestry Department's Mission

They protect forest lands, develop regeneration programs, and manage harvesting of resources.

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Ministry of Agriculture's Focus

The Ministry of Agriculture helps protect biodiversity in grazing areas by controlling hunting, managing plant harvesting, and encouraging farmers to combine their land.

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Ministry of Water Resources' Role

The Ministry of Water Resources in Nigeria manages water resources like rivers and underground water. They ensure sustainable use for different purposes and protect water habitats.

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Universities' Contribution

Universities and technical schools carry out research on controlling and managing species both in their natural habitats and in controlled environments. They also train future conservation experts.

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Rubber Research Institute

The Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN) conserves rubber trees by protecting them in their natural habitats, storing seeds, and conducting controlled research.

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National Cereals Research Institute

The National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) in Badagi, Nigeria, works to preserve cereals by storing seeds and maintaining live collections in controlled settings.

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In-situ vs. Ex-situ Conservation

In-situ conservation means protecting species within their natural habitats, while ex-situ conservation focuses on protecting them outside of their natural environment, usually in controlled settings like zoos, botanical gardens, or seed banks.

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NGOs' Role in Conservation

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) support biodiversity conservation through public awareness, education, research, lobbying governments, participation in management plans, and seeking international funding.

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What is Nigeria's vision for biodiversity?

Nigeria aims to create a healthy environment where people live in harmony with nature, sustainably using biodiversity as natural capital for socio-economic development.

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What's a key focus of Nigeria's biodiversity vision?

Genetic materials are considered a strategic but fragile resource, to be conserved, used sustainably, and deployed as natural capital for economic development.

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What is NATIPP's goal?

To improve the acceptability of Nigerian agricultural products internationally by enhancing their trade capacity.

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How does NATIPP benefit Nigerian producers?

It promotes new investments in agriculture and related industries, protecting local producers by improving the industry's capacity.

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What are the incentives offered by NATIPP?

NATIPP provides economic incentives, including specialized export markets and access to market information, to encourage growth in the agricultural industry.

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Why is Enugu called the 'Coal City'?

Enugu, the capital of Anambra State, has extensive coal deposits, making it a center for mining and related industries.

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Nigeria's GDP

Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 was US$ 432.29 Billion.

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Nigeria's Threatened Wildlife

According to IUCN Red List 2013, Nigeria has 309 threatened species, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, molluscs, invertebrates, and plants.

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Percentage of Threatened Wildlife

Approximately 0.14% of Nigeria's wildlife is threatened, and another 0.22% are endangered.

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Agriculture's GDP Contribution

Agriculture contributes an average of 24% to Nigeria's GDP.

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Nigeria's Agricultural Landscape

Most farms in Nigeria are small (0.1 to 6 hectares) and rely heavily on rainwater for irrigation.

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Major Oil Palm Producing States

Enugu, Imo, Ondo, Edo, Cross River, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, Bayelsa, Rivers, Anambra, Oyo, Abia, Edo, and Ogun are all major oil palm producers in Nigeria.

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Cocoa: Nigeria's Role

Nigeria is the 4th largest global cocoa producer and the 3rd largest African exporter, after Ivory Coast and Ghana.

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Cotton: Where is it Grown?

Cotton is grown mainly in the Savannah belts of northern and southwestern Nigeria, states like Kano, Kaduna, Oyo, Ondo, Kwara, Katsina, Jigawa, Ogun, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara.

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Rice: Nigeria's Production & Consumption

Although Nigeria is the largest rice producer in West Africa, it imports a significant amount to meet its annual consumption needs.

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Groundnut: Production Hub

Northern Nigeria, particularly Kano, Kaduna, Taraba, Bauchi, Bornu, and Adamawa, are major groundnut producing regions in Nigeria.

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Nigeria's Mineral Resources

Nigeria is rich in mineral resources, including iron ore, coal, copper, and vast oil reserves in the Niger Delta region.

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Bonny Light Crude Oil

This oil is produced mainly in Nigeria's Niger Delta region and highly preferred due to its low density and sulfur content.

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What are Biomes?

Large areas characterized by specific abiotic (non-living) factors like temperature, precipitation, and biotic (living) factors.

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What is Biodiversity?

The variety of life in a given area, including the number and variability of organisms, and their ecosystems.

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What is NATIPP?

The National Agricultural Technology and Input Programme aims to improve the acceptability of Nigerian agricultural products internationally by enhancing their trade capacity.

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NATIPP's Benefits for Producers

NATIPP protects local producers by encouraging new investments in agriculture and related industries, strengthening the industry and its capacity.

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NATIPP's Incentives

NATIPP provides economic incentives like specialized export markets and market information to encourage growth in the agricultural industry.

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Enugu: The 'Coal City'

Enugu, the capital of Anambra State, is called the 'Coal City' because of its large coal deposits, making it a center for mining and related industries.

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Nigeria's GDP (2020)

Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 was estimated at US$ 432.29 Billion.

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Safe Drinking Water Access in Nigeria

Only 20% of the Nigerian population has access to safely managed drinking water, significantly lower than the average for low-income countries.

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Unsafe Sanitation in Nigeria

Only 27% of the Nigerian population has access to safely managed sanitation services, posing a major health risk, especially for vulnerable populations.

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Nigeria's Forest Cover

Forests constitute 7.2% of Nigeria's total land area, with a deforestation rate between 0.72 and 2.38% per year.

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Fish Consumption in Nigeria

Nigeria is the largest fish consumer in Africa, consuming about 3.2 million metric tons of fish annually.

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Nigeria's Fish Production

Total fish production in Nigeria is nearly 1 million metric tons annually, including catches from fisheries and aquaculture.

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Impact of Agriculture on Forests

Agricultural expansion, reliance on firewood, unsustainable timber extraction, urbanization, grazing, bush fires, and infrastructure development contribute to deforestation in Nigeria.

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Challenges of Nigeria's Mineral Resources

While Nigeria has abundant mineral resources, maximizing their benefits is hampered by environmental concerns, economic instability, and corruption.

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The Importance of Biodiversity

Nigeria's vision for biodiversity focuses on creating a healthy environment where people live in harmony with nature and utilize biodiversity as natural capital for socio-economic development.

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Nigeria's Agricultural Trade Deficit

The difference between the value of agricultural goods imported and exported by Nigeria.

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Maputo Declaration's Tractor Density Goal

The Maputo Declaration aims for 1.5 horsepower of tractors per hectare of farmland in Africa.

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Nigeria's Agricultural Investment

Nigeria's investment in agricultural research and development is significantly lower than the recommended levels.

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Nigeria's Spending on Food

Nigerians spent over N22.8 trillion on food items in 2019, accounting for more than half of household expenditure.

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Ecological Regions of Nigeria

Nigeria is divided into several ecological regions with distinct climates, vegetation, and wildlife.

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Nigeria's Endemic Flora

Nigeria has 91 unique plant species found nowhere else in the world, with Rubiaceae being the largest family.

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Importance of Private Sector in Biodiversity

Private companies can play a crucial role in using biological resources for economic growth and job creation.

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Nigeria's Biodiversity Vision

Nigeria aims to create a healthy environment where people and nature co-exist, using biodiversity for economic growth.

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Nigeria's Protected Areas

Approximately 11.6% of Nigeria's land is protected, including terrestrial and marine areas.

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What is the importance of Nigeria's agricultural sector?

The agricultural sector plays a vital role in Nigeria's economy, contributing around 24% to the country's GDP. It's also the largest employer in Nigeria, employing more than 36% of the workforce. However, the government's investment in research and development for this crucial sector remains limited.

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What are the main challenges faced by Nigeria's agricultural sector?

Despite its significant contribution to the economy, Nigeria's agricultural sector faces numerous challenges. Limited resources, disease outbreaks, and lack of investment hinder the full potential of livestock production. Furthermore, the government's allocation for agricultural research and development in 2019 was only about N40 billion, a significant gap considering the sector's importance.

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What is the significance of 'Bonny Light' crude oil in Nigeria?

'Bonny Light' is a specific type of crude oil discovered in Nigeria. It is known for possessing a light density (low viscosity) and a low sulfur content, making it a high-quality oil that is highly sought after in the global market. Its high quality has contributed to Nigeria's ranking as the 6th largest producer and the 4th largest holder of crude oil reserves globally.

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What is the key role of Enugu in Nigeria's mineral resources?

Enugu, the capital of Anambra State, has earned the nickname 'Coal City' because of its extensive coal deposits. These deposits make Enugu a center for mining and related industries. The city's coal reserves contribute significantly to Nigeria's mineral wealth and have shaped its industrial landscape.

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What are the major states where iron ore is found in Nigeria?

Iron ore, a vital resource for the steel industry, is found in several states across Nigeria. Key states include Kogi, Enugu, Kaduna, Niger, Kwara, Bauchi, and Zamfara. These states play a crucial role in iron ore production, contributing to Nigeria's mineral richness and potential for industrial growth.

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Why is it important to address overgrazing?

Overgrazing occurs when livestock eat plants faster than they can regrow, leading to permanent loss of vegetation. This overexploitation of pasturelands has severe consequences for biodiversity, soil quality, and the overall health of ecosystems, ultimately impacting the livelihoods of communities reliant on these resources.

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What is the link between poverty and natural resources?

The poorest people in society are often the most dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. This dependence makes them particularly vulnerable to the loss or degradation of these resources. As natural resources dwindle, so too does the ability of poor communities to sustain themselves, exacerbating poverty and inequality.

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What are some key environmental factors that affect people's health?

Environmental factors play a crucial role in human health. Polluted water, air pollution, and exposure to toxic substances can lead to a range of health problems. The impact of these factors on human health highlights the interconnectedness of environmental protection and public well-being.

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Nigeria's Major Agricultural Exports

The major agricultural exports from Nigeria include sesame seeds, cashew nuts, cocoa beans, ginger, frozen shrimp, and cotton. Sesame, cashew nuts, and cocoa make up over half of the country's total agricultural exports.

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What Challenges Does Nigeria’s Water Management Face?

Despite abundant water resources, Nigeria faces challenges in managing them effectively in terms of quality, quantity, availability, and determining the best uses.

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What is Nigeria's Role in Global Cocoa Production?

Nigeria is a major cocoa producer globally, ranking fourth largest worldwide, and the third largest exporter in Africa, after Ivory Coast and Ghana.

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Major Oil Palm Producing States in Nigeria

Several states in Nigeria are major oil palm producers, including Enugu, Imo, Ondo, Edo, Cross River, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, Bayelsa, Rivers, Anambra, Oyo, Abia, Edo, and Ogun.

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Importance of Cotton Cultivation

Cotton cultivation in Nigeria is mainly located in the Savannah belts of the north and southwest, with key states including Kano, Kaduna, Oyo, Ondo, Kwara, Katsina, Jigawa, Ogun, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara.

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Biggest Challenges for Nigeria’s Mineral Resources

Despite abundant resources, Nigeria faces challenges in benefiting fully from its mineral resources, including environmental concerns, economic instability, and corruption.

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Where is Cotton Primarily Grown in Nigeria?

Cotton is mainly grown in the Savannah belts of northern and southwestern Nigeria, including states like Kano, Kaduna, Oyo, Ondo, Kwara, Katsina, Jigawa, Ogun, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara.

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Genetic Materials: Strategic Resource

Genetic materials are considered a strategic but fragile resource, to be conserved, used sustainably, and deployed as natural capital for economic development.

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NATIPP's Goal

To improve the acceptability of Nigerian agricultural products internationally by enhancing their trade capacity.

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Threatened Wildlife in Nigeria

According to IUCN Red List 2013, Nigeria has 309 threatened species, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, molluscs, invertebrates, and plants.

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Environmental Factors' Impact on Health

Pollution, like dirty water and air, and toxic substances harm people's health.

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Federal Ministry of Environment

This ministry advises the Nigerian government on how to protect, use, and restore natural resources like forests.

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NESREA

The National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency makes sure environmental laws are followed in Nigeria.

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Forestry Department

They protect forests, develop plans to regrow trees, and manage how resources are taken from forests.

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Ministry of Agriculture's Role in Biodiversity

This ministry helps protect biodiversity in grazing areas by controlling hunting, managing plant harvesting, and encouraging farmers to combine their land.

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Ministry of Water Resources

This ministry manages water resources like rivers and underground water. They make sure water is used sustainably and protects water habitats.

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Natural Resources in Nigeria

These are the valuable materials found in Nigeria that people use and depend on, such as land, water, forests, minerals, and oil.

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Importance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a region, including different plants, animals, and microorganisms. Its importance lies in its benefits to humans, such as providing food, medicine, and regulating ecosystems.

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Threats to Biodiversity

Factors that harm biodiversity include habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation of resources, and climate change.

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Importance of Sustainable Resource Management

Sustainable management of natural resources ensures that they are used wisely today without compromising their availability for future generations.

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Challenges to Biodiversity Conservation

Conservation efforts in Nigeria face hurdles like poverty, population growth, lack of awareness, and weak environmental regulations.

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Roles of Government Institutions

Various government ministries in Nigeria, such as the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, play crucial roles in setting policies and implementing programs to protect natural resources.

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Importance of Private Sector Involvement

Private businesses can contribute to biodiversity conservation through sustainable practices, investing in green technologies, and partnering with NGOs.

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Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

NGOs play a vital role in biodiversity conservation through advocacy, education, research, and working with local communities.

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Environmental Impact on Health

Environmental factors such as polluted water, air pollution, and exposure to toxic substances negatively affect human health.

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Livelihoods' Dependence on Natural Resources

Many people's livelihoods depend on accessing and using natural resources like land, water, and forests.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Nigeria's Oil Sector

The COVID-19 pandemic caused lower global demand for oil, leading to decreased oil production and export value from Nigeria.

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Challenges to Nigeria's Agriculture

Nigeria's agricultural sector faces problems like poor land tenure, low irrigation, climate change, low technology, high production costs, limited financing, and high post-harvest losses.

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Impact of Agricultural Challenges

These obstacles have led to lowered agricultural productivity, reduced GDP contribution, increased food imports, and declining food sufficiency in Nigeria.

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Deforestation Rate in Nigeria

Nigeria experiences a deforestation rate of about 3.5% annually, losing 350,000-400,000 hectares of forest land each year.

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Biodiversity Loss in Nigeria

Nigeria's biodiversity faces pressure due to high deforestation rates, impacting ecosystems and species.

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Importance of Bonny Light Crude Oil

Bonny Light crude oil, a type of oil found in Nigeria, is highly valued for its low density and sulfur content, making it a premium oil.

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What is the 'Zero Reject Initiative'?

A Nigerian initiative aimed at reducing food waste and ensuring all agricultural produce is utilized.

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Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria

This institute focuses on improving the genetic value of economically important plant species and develops better methods for cultivating, harvesting, and processing forest products.

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Universities and Technical Schools' Contribution

These institutions conduct research on controlling and managing species both in their natural habitats and in controlled environments and train future conservation experts.

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Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria

This institute focuses on conserving rubber trees through in-situ and ex-situ methods, like preserving them in their natural habitats and maintaining seed banks.

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National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI)

Located in Badagi, this institute focuses on conserving cereals through maintaining ex-situ gene banks and live field gene banks to preserve genetic diversity.

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Nigeria's Population (2020)

In 2020, Nigeria had a population of 206.14 million people.

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Nigeria's Forest Area (2020)

In 2020, Nigeria had a forest area of 216.2 thousand square kilometers.

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Cocoa Production in Nigeria

Nigeria is the 4th largest global cocoa producer and the 3rd largest African exporter, after Ivory Coast and Ghana.

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Cotton: Where it Grows in Nigeria

Cotton is grown mainly in the Savannah belts of northern and southwestern Nigeria, states like Kano, Kaduna, Oyo, Ondo, Kwara, Katsina, Jigawa, Ogun, Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara.

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Sanitation Services in Nigeria

According to a UN report, only 27% of Nigerians have access to safely managed sanitation services.

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Forest Coverage in Nigeria

Forests cover 7.2% of Nigeria's land area.

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Nigeria's Fish Consumption

Nigeria is the largest fish consumer in Africa and one of the largest in the world, consuming about 3.2 million tons of fish annually.

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Fish Production in Nigeria

Total fish production in Nigeria is close to 1 million tons per year (313,231 from aquaculture and 759,828 from fishing).

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Importance of Fishing in Nigeria

Fishing is a vital source of income for many people in Nigeria, especially the poor, and provides a crucial protein source for households.

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Aquaculture Potential in Nigeria

Aquaculture (fish farming) is considered a viable way to meet Nigeria's need for fish and improve food security.

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Governance & Transparency: Biodiversity

Poor management of forests and biodiversity, often due to corruption and political influence, leads to the destruction of valuable ecosystems in Nigeria.

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Socio-cultural Practices: Biodiversity

Cultural practices in Nigeria, such as using certain species for festivals or traditional medicine, can harm biodiversity by over-harvesting or narrowing the ecological range of a species.

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Unsustainable Harvesting: Fuelwood

About 70% of Nigerian households depend on fuelwood, contributing to deforestation and harming biodiversity. Only 6% of Nigeria's land is protected, highlighting the lack of effective measures to curb illegal logging.

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Climate Change: Biodiversity impact

Climate change significantly affects Nigeria's biodiversity. It can lead to habitat loss, species extinction, and economic decline, potentially impacting the nation's GDP by as much as 30% by 2050.

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National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP)

A plan implemented in 2015 to guide biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria. It aims to address key threats and promote sustainable practices, acting as a roadmap for conserving biodiversity.

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Soil Erosion in Nigeria

Nigeria experiences significant soil erosion, both sheet and gully erosion, causing damage estimated at over $100 million annually. This impacts infrastructure and economic development.

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Biodiversity Loss: Why is it a problem?

Biodiversity loss threatens the variety of life in Nigeria. This loss is driven by factors like overexploitation, poverty, outdated laws, and poor land use planning.

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Population Growth Impact

High Nigeria's population growth puts pressure on biodiversity as demand for resources increases. This can lead to overexploitation and ultimately cause biodiversity loss.

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Poverty and Biodiversity

Poverty leads to unsustainable resource use. People who struggle to survive often overexploit resources, contributing to biodiversity loss.

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Policy and Biodiversity

Outdated laws and weak enforcement make it difficult to protect biodiversity in Nigeria. This hinders conservation efforts.

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What is the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP)?

The NBAP, implemented in 2015, guides biodiversity conservation efforts in Nigeria. It aims to address threats and promote sustainable practices.

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REDD+ Initiative's Goal

The REDD+ initiative globally aims to reduce carbon emissions by preventing deforestation and promoting sustainable forest management in developing countries like Nigeria.

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Timber Concessions

Areas of forest land granted to companies for logging, often leading to deforestation.

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Oil Palm Plantations

Large areas of land dedicated to growing oil palms, often replacing natural forests.

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Extractive Industries

Industries that extract raw materials from the earth, like oil and gas, often causing environmental damage.

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Gas Flaring

Burning excess natural gas, a wasteful and polluting practice.

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Invasive Species

Foreign plants or animals that spread rapidly and harm native ecosystems.

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Nypa Palm

An invasive palm tree found in Nigeria, displacing native vegetation.

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Water Hyacinth

An invasive plant that grows quickly on water, clogging waterways.

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Typha Grass

A type of invasive grass that spreads rapidly, impacting native vegetation.

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What is a biome?

A large area with distinctive climate and plant and animal life, like a desert or rainforest.

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What are the impacts of overgrazing?

Overgrazing happens when livestock eat plants faster than they can regrow, causing permanent damage to vegetation.

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Safely Managed Drinking Water Access

Only 20% of Nigeria's population has access to safely managed drinking water, a figure below the average for Low-Income Countries. This lack of access poses a major health risk, particularly affecting vulnerable populations.

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Safely Managed Sanitation Access

Just 27% of Nigeria's population has access to safely managed sanitation services, significantly lower than the average for the Low-Income Countries group.

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Major Factors Driving Deforestation

Agricultural expansion, reliance on wood fuel, timber extraction, urbanization, grazing, bushfires, and infrastructure development all contribute to deforestation in Nigeria.

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Fishing's Importance for Livelihoods

Fishing is a vital source of income for many Nigerians, especially the poor, and also a significant protein source for families.

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Aquaculture's Potential

Aquaculture is a growing industry in Nigeria, offering a promising solution to meeting the country's fish production and nutritional needs.

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Nigeria's Oil Reserves

Nigeria boasts the 4th largest crude oil reserves globally and is the 6th biggest producer. The Niger Delta region is the primary source, especially the Bonny Light crude oil known for its high quality.

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Mineral Resources Beyond Oil

Besides oil, Nigeria has other mineral riches. Iron ore is found in central and northern states, while coal deposits are abundant around Enugu. Copper is found in different parts of the country.

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Agriculture's Impact on Nigeria's GDP

Agriculture consistently contributes roughly 24% to Nigeria's GDP, making it a vital sector for the nation's economy.

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Challenges Facing Agriculture in Nigeria

Nigeria's agriculture sector faces a multitude of challenges, including land tenure issues, limited irrigation, climate change, and inadequate financing, which hinder productivity and food security.

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Food Security Issues in Nigeria

Due to challenges in agriculture, Nigeria has become a net food importer, relying on imports for its growing population and experiencing a widening agricultural trade deficit.

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Causes of Biodiversity Loss in Nigeria

Deforestation at a rate of 3.5% per year, driven by factors like population growth and unsustainable practices, significantly threatens biodiversity in Nigeria.

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Impact of Biodiversity Loss on Nigeria

Biodiversity loss has serious consequences for Nigeria, including habitat destruction, loss of ecosystem services, and threats to wildlife populations, posing a danger to the environment and economy.

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Nigeria's Vision for Biodiversity

Nigeria aims to create a healthy environment with a focus on sustainable use of biodiversity as natural capital for economic development, fostering harmony between people and nature.

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National Agricultural Technology and Input Programme's (NATIPP) Role

NATIPP aims to improve the acceptability of Nigerian agricultural products internationally by enhancing their trade capacity, reducing trade barriers, and promoting new investments in the sector.

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Governance & Transparency: What's the link to biodiversity loss?

Weak governance and corruption in Nigeria have led to the de-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas for unsustainable development, jeopardizing conservation efforts.

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Socio-Cultural Practices and Biodiversity Loss

Certain cultural practices in Nigeria, such as using specific species for festivals or viewing wild resources as a delicacy, contribute to biodiversity loss by over-exploiting vulnerable animal populations.

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Impact of Climate Change on Nigeria's Biodiversity

Climate change is already impacting Nigeria, and projections suggest that in the absence of adaptation, it could significantly reduce GDP and worsen biodiversity loss.

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Unsustainable Resource Harvesting

Over-reliance on fuelwood and lack of effective measures to curb illegal logging in Nigeria are major threats to forest ecosystems and biodiversity.

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Why is 'juju' market a threat to biodiversity?

The 'juju' market, or traditional medicine market, is responsible for a significant amount of biodiversity loss in Nigeria due to the harvesting of wild species for medicinal purposes.

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How does overgrazing harm biodiversity?

When livestock graze excessively, they consume vegetation faster than it can regrow, leading to soil erosion, desertification, and loss of habitats for wildlife.

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Population Growth's Effect on Biodiversity

High population growth in Nigeria puts increasing pressure on biodiversity as the demand for resources rises, leading to over-exploitation and habitat loss.

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Poverty and Biodiversity Loss

Poverty often drives people to overuse natural resources for survival, leading to unsustainable practices and further loss of biodiversity.

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Enugu's Nickname

Enugu is called the 'Coal City' due to its extensive coal deposits, making it a center for mining and related industries.

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Nigeria's Economic Strength

Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 was US$ 432.29 Billion.

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Enugu's Coal

Enugu, the capital of Anambra State, is known as the 'Coal City' due to its vast coal deposits. This makes it a center for mining and associated industries.

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Gold in Nigeria

Gold deposits are found in Osun State's Iperindo and other areas near Maru, Tsohon Birnin Gwari-Kwaga, Gurmana, Anka, Malele, Bin Yauri, and Okolom-Dogondaji.

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Lead in Nigeria

Lead deposits are abundant in states like Akwa Ibom, Imo, Anambra, Bayelsa, Benue, Enugu, Niger, Ebonyi, FCT, Plateau, Cross River, Taraba, and Zamfara.

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Silver in Nigeria

Silver is primarily found in Taraba and Kano States.

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Limestone in Nigeria

Limestone deposits are widespread, with major concentrations in Cross River and Ebonyi, but also found in Abia, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Edo, Enugu, Imo, Ogun, Ondo, and Sokoto.

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Uranium in Nigeria

Uranium deposits are found in states like Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Adamawa, Taraba, Plateau, Bauchi, and Kano.

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Nigeria's Mineral Challenges

Despite abundant resources, Nigeria faces challenges in maximizing benefits due to environmental concerns, economic instability, and corruption.

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Biodiversity Loss Causes

Deforestation at a rate of 3.5% per year is one of the major factors leading to biodiversity loss in Nigeria. Other threats include habitat destruction and climate change.

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Importance of Oil Palm in Nigeria

Oil palm is a significant agricultural commodity in Nigeria. Major producing states include Enugu, Imo, Ondo, and several others.

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Governance and Transparency

Corruption and lack of effective oversight regarding natural resources threaten biodiversity in Nigeria. Politicians often prioritize short-term gains, leading to the exploitation of biodiversity-rich areas.

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Socio-Cultural Practices

Certain cultural practices in Nigeria, like using specific species for festivals, can put pressure on certain species' populations, especially those with limited ecological ranges.

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Climate Change's Impact

Climate change is already affecting Nigeria, with potential economic losses estimated to rise significantly by 2050 if adaptation measures aren't taken.

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Unsustainable Harvesting

High reliance on wood for fuel and a lack of effective measures against illegal logging pose major threats to Nigeria's forests and biodiversity.

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NESREA's Role

The National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) is responsible for enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria, promoting sustainable practices, and protecting biodiversity.

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REDD+

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. An initiative that aims to decrease carbon emissions by preventing deforestation and promoting sustainable forest management.

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'Zero Reject Initiative'

An initiative in Nigeria focused on reducing food waste and ensuring that all agricultural produce is utilized efficiently, promoting efficient food distribution and minimizing losses.

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Biodiversity as an Asset

Seeing biodiversity (variety of life) as a valuable resource that can be used and developed for economic benefits, like a valuable asset.

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National Goal 1: Address Biodiversity Loss

To stop the decline of species, habitats, and ecosystems by planning for biodiversity conservation in the country and changing people's attitudes.

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National Goal 2: Reduce Pressure on Biodiversity

Protecting ecosystems, habitats, and species across Nigeria by setting up protected areas.

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National Goal 3: Improve Biodiversity Status

Safeguarding ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity in Nigeria by protecting them through conservation efforts.

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Adequate Ecosystem Representation

Making sure all types of ecosystems are protected in national parks and other protected areas.

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NATIPP's Impact on Producers

NATIPP promotes new agricultural investments, which helps protect local producers by enhancing the industry's ability to compete.

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Study Notes

Executive Summary of the Presentation

  • The presentation is about Natural Resources and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria
  • The presentation is part of a short-term course in Environmental Standards.
  • Two consultants, Dr. Sherif Arif and Ahmed C. Abdullahi, provided information in the presentation.
  • The course was presented in March 2022.

Objectives and Learning Outcomes

  • Understand Nigeria's natural resources endowment and their geographical distribution.
  • Understand the links between natural resources, poverty, and environmental degradation.
  • Participants will become conversant with the types, spread, and uses of natural resources in Nigeria.
  • Participants will become aware of the concept of biodiversity, policies, threats, and conservation efforts in the country.

Course Content

  • Introduction: Statistics, Ecological Regions of Nigeria, Species
  • Natural Resources: Water and Forestry Resources, Agricultural Resources, Mineral Resources, Oil Resources
  • Biodiversity Loss: Causes and Consequences, Government Institutions, Vision and Goals

Introduction-Review of Basic Terms and Concepts

  • Resources are physical materials from the Earth that are needed and valued.
  • Natural resources include sunlight, land, water, air, soil, forests, fisheries, minerals and oil
  • Renewable resources like wind, sunlight and water can be replenished naturally.
  • Non-renewable resources like coal, crude oil, and minerals are affected by current use, and their future availability.
  • Biomes are characterized by a variety of a biotic factors.
  • Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms and their variability in different environments.

Introduction - Natural Resources Endowment in Nigeria

  • Nigeria has a land mass of 923,770 km2
  • It is one of the largest populated countries, with an estimated 180 million people.
  • Nigeria has arable land for agriculture, crude oil and natural gas deposits, and various minerals (tin, iron ore, coal, lead, zinc, limestone, niobium etc.).
  • It features freshwater (rivers, creeks, ponds, lakes, streams), estuarine (freshwater and saltwater interphase), and marine/saltwater water bodies.
  • The soil composition varies (clay, silt, and sand).

Statistics on Nigeria in 2020

  • Population: 206.14 million
  • Surface Area: 923.8 thousand km2
  • Forest Area: 216.2 thousand km2
  • Terrestrial and marine protected areas: 11.6% of total area
  • Poverty headcount ratio: 40.1
  • GDP: US$432.29 Billion
  • Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing added value: 24% of GDP
  • Industry: 28% of GDP
  • CO2 emissions: 0.67 metric tons per capita

Key Agricultural Statistics in Nigeria

  • Agriculture's share of GDP: approximately 22%
  • Agricultural employment: over 36% of the labor force
  • Smallholder farmers account for 90%
  • Nigeria's agricultural trade deficit: N689.7 billion
  • Agricultural imports (2016-2019): N3.35 trillion
  • Agricultural exports (2016-2019) : N803 billion

Ecological Regions of Nigeria

  • The presentation gives a list of Nigeria's ecological regions, including biomes like Nile-Sudan Freshwater, Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests, and Montane Grasslands and Shrublands.

Species in Nigeria

  • The presentation notes that the number of threatened species in Nigeria is 309 in different categories; Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Molluscs.
  • 994 Forest Reserves, 32 Game Reserves and a Biosphere Reserve are also included.

Agricultural Resources

  • Oil palm production is a significant economic activity in several states, including Enugu, Imo, Ondo, Edo, Cross River, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, Bayelsa, Rivers, Anambra, Oyo, Abia, Edo, and Ogun State.
  • Cocoa production is also important, and occurs in Edo, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, Ogun, Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, and Delta.
  • Cotton, groundnuts, and other crops are important agricultural commodities in the northern and south-western states of Nigeria.

Agricultural Resources (continued)

  • Rice production 2017-2018: 3.7 to 4.0 million metric tons
  • Timber: The major area of production are Cross River, Edo, Ondo, Ogun and Delta state.
  • Tomatoes are globally ranked 13th largest producer
  • Tobacco is found in south-west Nigeria (Osun, Oyo, Kwara and Sokoto)

State of the Agricultural Sector

  • Agriculture's contribution to export earnings is comparatively low compared to crude oil exports.
  • Agricultural commodities including sesame, cashew nuts, cocoa, ginger, frozen shrimps and cotton are significant export items.
  • Overall, Nigeria imports more agricultural products than it exports.

Water Resources

  • Nigeria is rich in water resources.
  • 215 cubic kilometers of available surface water per year.
  • Water management is still a challenge, particularly in rural areas.
  • 20% of the population has access to safe drinking water.
  • 27% of the population has access to safe sanitation services.

Forestry Resources

  • Forests make up 7.2% of total land area.
  • Deforestation rate is between 0.72 and 2.38% (FAO 2018)
  • Different ecosystem types are present—Tropical, savanna, rainforest, etc.
  • Timber and other resources (agricultural expansion, firewood, charcoal, grazing, bush fires) affect forestry.

Animal Production

  • Nigeria is among the world's largest fish consumers
  • Fish production from aquaculture and fisheries is high
  • Fishing is a key source of income
  • Aquacultural and fisheries production in Nigeria is high

Animal Husbandry

  • Livestock are important in the northern parts of the country
  • Goats, sheep and Cattle are majorly kept
  • Poultry population is over 180 million Poultry production is underexploited.

Mineral Resources

  • Nigeria is a major producer of crude oil, amongst the top 4 in the world
  • Crude oil is found mainly in the Niger Delta.
  • Other minerals like coal, copper, gold, lead and clay are found in various states of the country.

Mineral Resources (continued)

  • Iron ore is available in Kogi with up to 3 billion tons
  • Copper is found in the North (Nasarawa, Plateau, Zamfara, Bauchi, Gombe, Kano) and South (Abia)
  • Gold is found in Osun, other states include Maru, Tsohon, Gwari, Gurmana, Anka, Malele and Bin Yauri.
  • Lead is found in multiple states such as Akwa Ibom, Plateau, etc
  • Other minerals like Silver, Clay, Tin and Zinc are found in many areas.

Oil Resources

  • Nigeria is the 11th largest oil producer and 9th largest oil exporter globally
  • Oil sector contributes 5.9% to GDP in 2020
  • The export value decreased considerably due to the COVID 19 pandemic

Agriculture Challenges

  • Nigeria has several issues, namely: Poor land tenure system, Low irrigation farming, climate change, high production costs, and lack of market access.
  • The country is a major importing nation due to population increase.
  • Agricultural productivity is affected by such challenges as these.

Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss

  • Deforestation rate: 3.5% per year( translates to a loss of 350,000 to 400,000 ha).
  • Soil erosion is affecting the country, both sheet and gully erosion
  • High population growth rate
  • Poverty is a factor for biodiversity loss and over exploitation.

Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss (continued)

  • Policy and legislation: Existing laws about biodiversity are frequently outdated.
  • Poor land-use planning: leads to biodiversity degradation, conflicts, and poverty.
  • Socio-cultural practices: These can place limits on the range of species populations.
  • Effects of climate change: affects GDP and may lead to increasing loss of biodiversity
  • Unsustainable harvesting of resources: fuel wood from non-valuable resources and lack of protection are some of the causes

Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss (continued)

  • Extractive industries like oil and gas have deleterious effects on ecosystems
  • Mining, which has shifted from large companies to small-scale operations, has created pollution issues.
  • Gas flaring: Leads to the release of methane. Invasive species: affects various ecosystems.
  • Overgrazing: Loss of plant cover.
  • The Federal Ministry of Environment advises Federals on forest conservation etc.
  • National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) enforces the laws.
  • Agencies such as National Parks Service and National Oil Spill and Detection Agency.
  • Forestry Department: Conserves forests, develops regeneration etc.
  • State Ministries of Environment: Protect environment and conserve biodiversity in the states.
  • Agriculture based research institiutions such as Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, National Cereals Research Institute, National Centre for etc are responsible for conservation

Government Efforts

  • The Government has implemented various programs and initiatives: Agriculture Promotion Policy, Nigeria-Africa Trade & Investment Promotion Program., Economic Diversification Initiative, and Zero Reject Initiative.
  • Aim of such efforts is to improve productivity to enhance access to markets and promote sustainable use of resources.
  • Several organizations help support and implement plans for biodiversity conservation and research

National Goals

  • Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss and mainstream biodiversity into national planning.
  • Reduce the direct pressures on Nigeria’s biodiversity resources.
  • Improve the status of biodiversity.
  • Ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits.

Nigeria's Long-Term Vision for Biodiversity Management

  • A vision for a balanced relationship between humans and nature to sustainably utilize natural resources.
  • A focus on genetic materials as a resource for socio-economic development
  • Poorer people are more dependent on natural resources
  • Health problems are associated with access to good quality resources.
  • Livelihoods rely on natural resources
  • Vulnerability to environmental risks is high due to poverty level.

Concluding Remarks

  • The presentation concludes with a thank-you message and an invitation to ask questions.

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Natural Resources and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria (PDF)

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Explore the vital aspects of natural resources and biodiversity conservation in Nigeria through this quiz. Learn about the country's ecological regions, resources, and the challenges of environmental degradation. Gain insights into conservation policies and efforts aimed at preserving Nigeria's rich biodiversity.

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