Natural Resources and Biodiversity in Nigeria
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Questions and Answers

What significantly affects the future availability of non-renewable resources?

  • Natural replenishment cycles
  • Biodiversity levels
  • Current level of use (correct)
  • The specific climate conditions

    • Which of the following is NOT a component of biodiversity?

  • Ecological complexes
  • Number of biological organisms
  • Variability of organisms
  • Soil composition (correct)

    • Which mineral resource is NOT listed as being available in Nigeria?

  • Copper (correct)
  • Iron ore
  • Tin
  • Limestone

    • What is one of the abiotic factors that characterizes a biome?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water bodies can be found in Nigeria?

    <p>Freshwater and estuarine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about non-renewable resources is true?

    <p>They are available in fixed amounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which habitat type includes both freshwater and saltwater interphases in Nigeria?

    <p>Estuarine habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many threatened species are reported in the IUCN Red list for Nigeria?

    <p>309</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taxonomic category has the highest number of threatened species in Nigeria?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's GDP does agriculture contribute on average?

    <p>24%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Out of the total land area in Nigeria, how many hectares are noted as potential for crop and livestock production?

    <p>70.8 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the protected areas established in Nigeria?

    <p>Wildlife sanctuaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rank of agriculture in terms of employment in Nigeria?

    <p>Largest employer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Important Bird Areas are reported in Nigeria?

    <p>27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vegetation zones is NOT mentioned as part of Nigeria's biodiversity sites?

    <p>National Wildlife Refuges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary responsibilities of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria?

    <p>To enhance the genetic value of economically significant species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution is primarily responsible for supporting biodiversity conservation in grazing reserves?

    <p>Ministry of Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Non-Governmental Organizations play in biodiversity conservation?

    <p>They engage in awareness campaigns and lobby for conservation support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the responsibilities of the Ministry of Water Resources?

    <p>Establishing genetic banks for crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus area of the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN)?

    <p>In-situ conservation of species of rubber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution collaborates with universities to conduct research on species management?

    <p>National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conservation methods do universities and technical schools focus on?

    <p>Both in situ and ex situ conservation methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant function of the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI)?

    <p>Conservation of ex-situ gene banks for cereals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main objectives of the Nigerian biodiversity policy?

    <p>To capture an equitable share of benefits from genetic resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the first national goal emphasize?

    <p>Mainstreaming biodiversity into national planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct pressure on Nigeria's biodiversity resources?

    <p>Habitat destruction and overexploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Nigerian biodiversity policy view environmental resources?

    <p>As potential assets that can be shared across generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is proposed to improve biodiversity status in Nigeria?

    <p>Safeguarding ecosystems and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the private sector and civil society play in biodiversity management according to the policy?

    <p>They act as partners in harnessing biological resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystems are prioritized for conservation in Nigeria's national goals?

    <p>Critical ecosystems like mangroves and tropical rainforests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant approach to land use planning in Nigeria’s biodiversity strategy?

    <p>Integrated approach to support ecosystem rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology in Ibadan?

    <p>Conservation of seed field gene bank for various plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative aims at reversing forest loss and promoting sustainable management of natural resources?

    <p>Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of the Agriculture Promotion Policy (APP)?

    <p>To increase agricultural productivity and meet food demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regulations specifically addresses soil erosion and flood control?

    <p>National Environmental (Soil Erosion and Flood Control) Regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program is aimed at addressing desertification?

    <p>Action Against Desertification (AAD) Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the National Environmental (Protection of Endangered Species in International Trade) Regulations, S.I.No. 16, 2011?

    <p>To protect endangered species from exploitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative aims to rehabilitate degraded lands and reduce climate vulnerability?

    <p>Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulation addresses the control of alien and invasive species?

    <p>National Environmental (Control of Alien and Invasive Species) Regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's labor force is employed in the agricultural sector?

    <p>36%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Nigeria's agricultural budget for research and development in 2019 is correct?

    <p>It was only about N40 billion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate contribution of agriculture to Nigeria's GDP as of Q1 2020?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tractor density in Nigeria as measured in horsepower per hectare?

    <p>0.27 hp/hectare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percentage represents the surface area of terrestrial and marine protected areas in Nigeria?

    <p>11.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the population of Nigeria in 2020?

    <p>206.14 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of CO2 emissions per capita in Nigeria?

    <p>0.67 metric tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector contributes 28% to Nigeria's GDP based on the statistics provided?

    <p>Industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual estimated cost of deforestation and environmental degradation?

    <p>$6 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of soil erosion affecting Nigeria?

    <p>Sheet and gully erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly contributes to biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>46.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major issues regarding land use planning in Nigeria?

    <p>Lack of clarity in tenure rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much land is highly exposed to erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>3400</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of legislative constraints currently hinder biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>Obsolete existing laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the consequences of severe soil erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>Destruction of essential infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated damage caused by gully erosion in Nigeria annually?

    <p>$100 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of livestock is most commonly reared by farm families in Nigeria?

    <p>Goats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Nigerian crude oil that makes it valuable?

    <p>Low sulphur content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which area of Nigeria are the richest deposits of crude oil primarily located?

    <p>Niger Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state in Nigeria is known as the 'coal city' due to its vast coal deposits?

    <p>Enugu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated amount of iron ore found in Itakpe, Kogi State?

    <p>3 billion tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral resource has a significant presence in several states including Kaduna, Enugu, and Imo?

    <p>Iron Ore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many poultry are estimated to be in Nigeria?

    <p>180 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states is NOT associated with coal deposits in Nigeria?

    <p>Rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of overgrazing?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between natural resources and poverty?

    <p>The poorest populations are most dependent on natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for environmental law enforcement in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor access to natural resources impact rural populations in Nigeria?

    <p>It affects their health and livelihoods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a role of the Federal Ministry of Environment?

    <p>Regulate agricultural policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural risk concerns are rural populations vulnerable to?

    <p>Natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

    <p>Constitute and protect forest lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major environmental issue is highlighted in relation to land in Nigeria?

    <p>Desertification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria?

    <p>To improve genetic value of species with economic potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ministry supports biodiversity conservation in grazing reserves?

    <p>Ministry of Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conservation technique is the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI) involved with?

    <p>Conservation of ex-situ gene banks for cereals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major focus of Nigeria's long-term vision for biodiversity management?

    <p>Integrating biodiversity into national programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conservation methods do universities and technical schools primarily focus on?

    <p>In situ and ex situ conservation methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution focuses on the in-situ conservation of rubber species?

    <p>Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria (RRIN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is genetic material viewed in the context of Nigeria's biodiversity strategy?

    <p>As a strategic and fragile resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an expected benefit of enhancing Nigeria's trade and investment capacity?

    <p>Reduction in international competitiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of the Ministry of Water Resources?

    <p>Development of surface and underground water resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of Agriculture based Research Institutions?

    <p>To conduct in-situ and ex-situ conservation of specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is emphasized in Nigeria’s long-term vision for biodiversity management?

    <p>Ecological sustainability and social equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is emphasized in Nigeria's biodiversity policy?

    <p>Deployment of genetic resources as natural capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a key resource in Nigeria's approach to biodiversity?

    <p>Genetic materials for conservation and sustainable use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of biodiversity, what is Nigeria striving for according to its vision?

    <p>A living environment in harmony with nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role does Nigeria assign to biodiversity in its socio-economic development?

    <p>Biodiversity is viewed as natural capital for socio-economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines a biome?

    <p>A large environment characterized by abiotic and biotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes non-renewable natural resources?

    <p>Future availability depends on current usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water bodies are NOT part of Nigeria's waterways?

    <p>Glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed resources, which is categorized as a stock resource?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two dimensions of biodiversity?

    <p>The number of biological organisms and their variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of soil is NOT mentioned as a type that varies in Nigeria?

    <p>Loam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states produces the most cocoa in Nigeria?

    <p>Ondo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crop is predominantly grown in the northern part of Nigeria?

    <p>Groundnut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aquatic species is commonly found in Nigerian aquatic ecosystems?

    <p>Catfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of rice consumed in Nigeria is locally produced?

    <p>57%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a leading state in oil palm production in Nigeria?

    <p>Kano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cash crop has historically been a significant source of income for Nigeria?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2018, how much had Nigeria's rice production increased from the previous year?

    <p>300,000 metric tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state is the largest producer of cotton in Nigeria?

    <p>Kano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the estimated deficit in rice production in Nigeria?

    <p>3 million metric tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the aims of the National Agricultural Trade and Investment Promotion Program (NATIPP)?

    <p>To stimulate growth in agricultural exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations is involved in facilitating new investments in agriculture?

    <p>Nigerian Export Promotion Council</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the National Agricultural Information System?

    <p>To provide access to market information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason for offering economic incentives to the agricultural sector in Nigeria?

    <p>To reduce dependence on foreign imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of agriculture is significantly targeted by the Nigerian Export-Import Bank?

    <p>Enhancing trade capacity in agricultural exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's total area is classified as terrestrial and marine protected areas?

    <p>11.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of Nigeria's GDP is contributed by the agricultural, forestry, and fishing sectors?

    <p>24%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of the Nigerian population was classified as living below the national poverty line in 2020?

    <p>40.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amount was earmarked by the Nigerian government for agricultural research and development in 2019?

    <p>N40 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated average contribution of the agricultural sector to employment in Nigeria?

    <p>36%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2020, how many million people are recorded as Nigeria's population?

    <p>206.14 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's workers are involved in smallholder farming?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage contribution of agriculture to Nigeria's GDP over the past seven years?

    <p>24%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taxonomic category has the fewest threatened species in Nigeria according to the IUCN Red List 2013?

    <p>Molluscs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many National Parks are reported to be in Nigeria?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest sector in Nigeria in terms of employment?

    <p>Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category has the highest representation of threatened species in Nigeria?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's total land area has the potential for crop and livestock production?

    <p>70.8 million hectares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate employment percentage of the rural population engaged in agriculture?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many threatened species are identified in the IUCN Red List for Nigeria?

    <p>309</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's population has access to safely managed drinking water?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to deforestation in Nigeria?

    <p>Expansion of agricultural land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate annual fish consumption in Nigeria?

    <p>3.2 million metric tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forest covers the least area in Nigeria according to the UNDP Development Report?

    <p>Savanna forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of waters contribute most significantly to Nigeria’s total fish production?

    <p>Inland waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deforestation rate in Nigeria as reported by FAO in 2018?

    <p>0.72 to 2.38 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forest product is commonly obtained from southern forests in Nigeria?

    <p>Non-timber forest products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population in Nigeria has access to safely managed sanitation services?

    <p>27%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's GDP was contributed by agriculture as of Q1 2020?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is reported to have the largest share of employment in Nigeria?

    <p>Agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's labor force work in the agriculture sector?

    <p>36%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the population of Nigeria as reported in 2020?

    <p>206.14 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of the surface area of terrestrial and marine protected areas in Nigeria?

    <p>11.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the Nigerian agriculture budget was earmarked for research and development in 2019?

    <p>N40 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the GDP of Nigeria as reported in 2020?

    <p>US$ 432.29 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crop currently has the largest share of agricultural exports from Nigeria?

    <p>Cocoa beans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's total export earnings did agriculture account for in 2019?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river management issue continues to pose challenges in Nigeria despite abundant water resources?

    <p>Water quality and availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states in Nigeria is a significant area for tobacco cultivation?

    <p>Osun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of livestock that is most commonly reared by farm families in Nigeria?

    <p>Goats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of agricultural products constitutes a large portion of Nigeria's imports?

    <p>Grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in Nigeria is particularly known for its rich deposits of crude oil?

    <p>Niger Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cash crop is notably produced in the northern regions of Nigeria?

    <p>Tobacco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Nigeria's livestock production is true?

    <p>There are interventions to improve livestock production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral resource is primarily associated with Enugu State?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of overgrazing on land?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual production of tomatoes in Nigeria?

    <p>1.701 million tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Nigerian crude oil is highlighted regarding its density?

    <p>Light and sweet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population demographic is most vulnerable to the degradation of natural resources?

    <p>Rural populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is faced particularly in rural areas regarding water resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Access to clean water and sanitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Nigerian state is home to the largest known deposits of iron ore?

    <p>Kogi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Federal Ministry of Environment primarily fulfill?

    <p>Advises on conservation and utilization of forest resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is tasked with the enforcement of environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of small ruminants is most abundant in Nigeria's livestock population?

    <p>Goats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the environment impact people's health according to the discussed links between natural resources and poverty?

    <p>Poor quality environments can expose people to diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following regions is copper predominantly found in Nigeria?

    <p>North Central and Southern Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of state ministries of environment?

    <p>Protecting the environment and conserving biodiversity at the state level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a principal form of links between poverty and the environment?

    <p>Access to affordable housing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant risk do rural populations face in relation to natural resources?

    <p>Poor access leading to vulnerability to environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total agricultural trade deficit of Nigeria in 2019?

    <p>N689.7 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecological biome does the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic belong to?

    <p>Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much did Nigerians spend on food items in 2019?

    <p>N22.8 trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many years did Nigeria's cumulative agricultural imports stand at N3.35 trillion?

    <p>Four years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family accounts for the highest number of endemic flora species in Nigeria?

    <p>Rubiaceae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Nigeria's agricultural export amount within the same period of cumulative agricultural imports?

    <p>N803 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecological region in Nigeria is classified as a marine biome?

    <p>Gulf of Guinea Central</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended tractor density specified in Nigeria?

    <p>1.5 hp/hectare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the Central African mangroves ecological region?

    <p>Mangroves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of Nigeria’s long-term Vision for Biodiversity Management?

    <p>Genetic materials as a strategic and fragile resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the vision for biodiversity integrate economic development with environmental sustainability?

    <p>By deploying biodiversity as natural capital for socio-economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the National Biodiversity Action Plan aim to achieve?

    <p>Integration of biodiversity into poverty reduction programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of genetic materials is highlighted in Nigeria’s Vision for Biodiversity Management?

    <p>They are considered fragile resources that must be conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nigeria’s biodiversity policy, how should biodiversity be utilized?

    <p>Sustainably and for socio-economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does Nigeria’s long-term Vision for Biodiversity Management align with?

    <p>Ecological sustainability and social equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is essential for Nigeria’s biodiversity efforts?

    <p>Conserving genetic materials for future socio-economic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vision does Nigeria hold for the relationship between people and nature?

    <p>A harmonious existence that supports both living conditions and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Agricultural Promotion Policy (APP)?

    <p>To enhance access to international markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative is specifically aimed at enhancing economic diversification in Nigeria?

    <p>Presidential Economic Diversification Initiative (PEDI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Zero Reject Initiative focus on?

    <p>Enhancing food security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of barriers has the government placed on select agricultural products?

    <p>Trade barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program is focused on promoting international trade for Nigerian products?

    <p>Nigerian African Trade and Investment Promotion Program (NATIPP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's GDP did agriculture contribute as of Q1 2020?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of Nigeria's labor force is employed in the agricultural sector?

    <p>36%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total area in Nigeria is represented by terrestrial and marine protected areas?

    <p>11.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate population of Nigeria in 2020?

    <p>206.14 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage represents Nigeria's agricultural budget of the total GDP?

    <p>1.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines in Nigeria?

    <p>40.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the GDP of Nigeria in 2020?

    <p>US$ 432.29 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are natural resources?

    <p>Natural substances that are used by humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following relates to the consequences of biodiversity loss?

    <p>Diminished environmental quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of resources are mentioned as central to Nigeria's economy?

    <p>Water and fisheries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major threat to biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Urbanization and land development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector does NOT significantly contribute to Nigeria's natural resources?

    <p>Microelectronics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are natural resources linked to poverty in Nigeria?

    <p>Mismanagement of resources can exacerbate poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following natural materials is classified under agricultural resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key goal of government institutions related to biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>To protect and conserve natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary consequences of overgrazing?

    <p>Permanent loss of plant cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between the poorest populations and natural resources?

    <p>They are the most vulnerable to poor access and degradation of natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Federal Ministry of Environment play in Nigeria?

    <p>It advises on conservation and regeneration of forest resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do environmental risks affect rural populations in Nigeria?

    <p>They contribute to both health issues and livelihoods dependency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of the Forestry Department in Nigeria?

    <p>Developing regeneration programs for biological resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of environmental risks is particularly significant for the poorest populations?

    <p>Dependence on quality natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of natural resource degradation is reported to be a critical issue in Nigeria?

    <p>Desertification due to overgrazing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's export value in 2019 was generated by the mineral fuels, oils, and distillation products sector?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a challenge faced by Nigeria’s agricultural sector?

    <p>Low production cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the agricultural trade deficit in Nigeria in 2019?

    <p>N689.7 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual deforestation rate in Nigeria?

    <p>3.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has Nigeria's agricultural productivity been affected by its population growth?

    <p>Food imports exceed production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the impact of COVID-19 on oil production and export in Nigeria?

    <p>Decreased production and export</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cumulative agricultural imports value for Nigeria between 2016 and 2019?

    <p>$8 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much forest land does Nigeria lose each year due to deforestation?

    <p>350,000-400,000 ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Ministry of Agriculture play in biodiversity conservation?

    <p>Encourages consolidation of fragmented farm holdings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution is responsible for the in-situ conservation of rubber species?

    <p>Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Ministry of Water Resources contribute to biodiversity?

    <p>Developing surface and underground water sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do Non-Governmental Organizations primarily serve in biodiversity conservation?

    <p>Lobbying for legislative changes and funding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research institution focuses on the conservation of cereals in Nigeria?

    <p>National Cereals Research Institute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What governance issue has significantly impacted biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>Corruption among politicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do certain cultural practices in Nigeria contribute to biodiversity loss?

    <p>By encouraging overconsumption of specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one predicted economic impact of climate change on Nigeria by 2050?

    <p>Loss of between 6% and 30% of GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant financial consequence of gully erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>$100 million annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major cause of biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>High levels of biodiversity management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has contributed to the unsustainable harvesting of resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Dependence on fuel wood for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of land area in Nigeria is currently protected?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of Nigeria's population is reported to be living in poverty according to the Human Development Index Report?

    <p>46.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge in the governance of natural resources in Nigeria?

    <p>Failure of governance and transparency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major land use issue has been identified as a catalyst for biodiversity degradation in Nigeria?

    <p>Poor land use planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency's establishment represents a recent effort to address biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which market significantly influences biodiversity consumption in Nigeria?

    <p>Traditional medicine market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural and human-caused issue contributes significantly to soil erosion in Nigeria?

    <p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do politicians play in the deterioration of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>They support non-sustainable development practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects a consequence of poor legislative enforcement on biodiversity conservation in Nigeria?

    <p>Obsolescence of existing biodiversity laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does high population growth have on biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Increases pressure on biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population has access to safely managed drinking water in Nigeria?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary factor contributing to deforestation in Nigeria?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total fish production per year in Nigeria?

    <p>1 million metric tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage range represents the deforestation rate in Nigeria?

    <p>0.72% - 2.38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forest cover is primarily exploited for wood fuel in Nigeria?

    <p>Savanna forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fishing considered vital for the poor in Nigeria?

    <p>It serves as an important protein source at the household level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Nigerian population has access to safely managed sanitation services?

    <p>27%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of the southern forests in Nigeria?

    <p>Exclusively swamp forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of rice consumed in Nigeria is locally produced?

    <p>57%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states is NOT known for cocoa production in Nigeria?

    <p>Kano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state is primarily associated with groundnut production in Nigeria?

    <p>Kano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the world ranking of Nigeria in cocoa production?

    <p>4th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crop saw a production increase from 3.7 million metric tons in 2017 to 4.0 million metric tons in 2018?

    <p>Rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states is NOT involved in cotton farming in Nigeria?

    <p>Cross River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of Nigeria's rice consumption is satisfied through importation or smuggling?

    <p>3 million metric tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Nigerian state is recognized for being a major oil palm producer?

    <p>Ekiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's GDP does the agricultural sector contribute as of Q1 2020?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of Nigeria's total area is designated as terrestrial and marine protected areas?

    <p>11.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria’s farmers are classified as smallholder farmers?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total earmarked budget for agricultural research and development by the Nigerian government in 2019?

    <p>N40 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the head count ratio of poverty at national poverty lines in Nigeria?

    <p>40.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is primarily responsible for environmental pollution and forest degradation in Nigeria?

    <p>Oil exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major consequence of gas flaring in Nigeria?

    <p>Release of methane gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an invasive species in Nigeria?

    <p>Nypa palm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do uncontrolled and illegal mining practices affect local environments in Nigeria?

    <p>They cause environmental degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What threat do toxic chemical emissions pose to ecosystems in Nigeria?

    <p>They harm aquatic and terrestrial organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has the emphasis on mining shifted in Nigeria?

    <p>To support local artisans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the gas produced in Nigeria is flared due to lack of utilization infrastructure?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of invasive species on the livelihoods of local populations in Nigeria?

    <p>Limitation of livelihood options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative was launched to improve economic diversification in Nigeria?

    <p>The Economic Diversification Initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Zero Reject Initiative?

    <p>To eliminate trade barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Presidential Economic Diversification Initiative focus on?

    <p>Diversifying Nigeria's economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program operates jointly to promote trade and investment in Nigeria?

    <p>The Nigerian African Trade and Investment Promotion Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population has access to safely managed sanitation services?

    <p>27%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factor contributes to the deforestation rate in Nigeria?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forests are noted for providing significant timber and non-timber products in Nigeria?

    <p>Southern forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much fish is consumed annually in Nigeria?

    <p>3.2 million metric tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a primary use of southern forests in Nigeria?

    <p>Timber logging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria’s total land area is constituted by forests?

    <p>7.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ecosystem type is most prevalent in the northern regions of Nigeria?

    <p>Savannahs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to deforestation in Nigeria?

    <p>Climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the cumulative value of Nigeria's agricultural imports between 2016 and 2019?

    <p>N3.35 trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's forests has been lost annually due to deforestation?

    <p>3.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following challenges does not affect Nigeria's agricultural sector?

    <p>High levels of irrigation farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a non-renewable natural resource?

    <p>Crude oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary dimensions of biodiversity?

    <p>The number of biological organisms and their variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2019, what was the approximate contribution of the mineral fuels sector to Nigeria's export value?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the National Agricultural Information System?

    <p>Enhancing access to agricultural market information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of the Nigerian Export-Import Bank?

    <p>To facilitate international investment in agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Due to increased food imports, what was Nigeria's agricultural trade deficit in 2019?

    <p>N689.7 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abiotic factors are typically used to characterize a biome?

    <p>Temperature, precipitation, and pH levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative is aimed at improving Nigeria's agricultural exports?

    <p>The National Agricultural Trade Investment Policy Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the soil types found in Nigeria?

    <p>The soil varies among clay, silts, and sand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approximate area do the remaining forests occupy in Nigeria?

    <p>923,767 km2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the NATIPP specifically aim to achieve?

    <p>Facilitate new investments in agriculture and agro-allied industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major reason Nigeria lost its status as a net exporter of cash crops?

    <p>Inadequate food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of human activities on soil in Nigeria?

    <p>Accumulation of municipal and agricultural waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of initiatives are offered to stimulate growth in the agricultural industry?

    <p>Economic incentives for agricultural exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Nigeria's estimated oil production on a daily basis?

    <p>1.61 million barrels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aquatic species are commonly found in Nigeria's freshwater ecosystems?

    <p>Aquatic insects, fish, and shrimps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Nigeria's population rank in relation to other countries in Africa?

    <p>It is the most populated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant consequence of corruption on Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>De-reservation of biodiversity-rich areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural practice significantly impacts species populations in Nigeria?

    <p>Celebration of seasonal festivals using local species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much could climate change potentially reduce Nigeria's GDP by 2050 without adaptation measures?

    <p>6% to 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about fuel wood consumption in Nigeria is true?

    <p>It meets the majority of energy needs in rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the traditional medicine market play in Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>It contributes to high levels of biodiversity intake from the wild.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major barrier to effective governance concerning Nigeria's natural resources?

    <p>Lack of extension services and transparency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does illegal logging have on Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>It exacerbates biodiversity loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the National Agricultural Information System?

    <p>To improve access to market information for agricultural stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution is primarily focused on promoting agricultural exports in Nigeria?

    <p>Nigerian Export-Import Bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NATIPP aim to achieve in the agricultural sector?

    <p>Facilitate new investments in agricultural and agro-allied industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the ways the Nigerian government aims to improve agricultural exports?

    <p>By enhancing trade capacity and investment in the sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following initiatives is aimed at protecting local producers in Nigeria?

    <p>The Agricultural Trade Capacity Enhancement Initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's export value was generated by the mineral fuels, oils, and distillation products' sector in 2019?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Nigeria's agricultural trade deficit in 2019?

    <p>N689.7 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual rate of deforestation in Nigeria?

    <p>3.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By how much did the export value derived from oil drop in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic?

    <p>It dropped considerably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Nigeria's forest land area is covered by the remaining forests?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Nigeria's cumulative agricultural imports from 2016 to 2019?

    <p>N3.35 trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of land degradation in Nigeria's agricultural sector?

    <p>Declining agricultural productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which minerals are found in Taraba State?

    <p>Silver and Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following states is NOT rich in lead deposits?

    <p>Bauchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate contribution of the oil sector to Nigeria's GDP in the second quarter of 2021?

    <p>7.42 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these states has significant limestone deposits?

    <p>Cross River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state is salt known as the 'salt of the Nation' found?

    <p>Ebonyi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral resource is predominantly found in Jos and Bauchi?

    <p>Tin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Nigeria's oil production rank is correct?

    <p>It is the eleventh largest oil producer worldwide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state is NOT mentioned as having clay deposits?

    <p>Ekiti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant action has contributed to the loss of biodiversity in Nigeria?

    <p>Corruption leading to reservation destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which socio-cultural factor influences biodiversity loss in Nigeria?

    <p>Cultural festivals that utilize specific species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might climate change economically impact Nigeria by 2050?

    <p>Result in a loss of 6% to 30% of GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for dependence on fuel wood consumption in Nigeria?

    <p>Lack of effective energy policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which market in Nigeria plays a significant role in the depletion of biodiversity?

    <p>Traditional medicine market</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent estimate indicates the potential GDP loss due to climate change impacts by 2020?

    <p>2% to 11%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors limits the population of species within Nigeria's ecosystems?

    <p>Cultural practices for festival celebrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the Government initiatives related to agriculture?

    <p>To provide sufficient quantities of food to meet domestic demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which initiative specifically focuses on reversing forest loss and degradation?

    <p>Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program aims at addressing desertification in Nigeria?

    <p>Action Against Desertification (AAD) Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main objectives of the National Environmental regulations?

    <p>To protect and manage ecosystems and biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology primarily focused on?

    <p>Conservation of seed field gene bank for various plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of the Economic and Export Promotion Incentives?

    <p>To improve agricultural productivity for international markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regulations was established most recently?

    <p>National Environmental (Desertification Control and Drought Mitigation) Regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of National Goal 1 in Nigeria's biodiversity policy?

    <p>Address the causes of biodiversity loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is emphasized for managing Nigeria's biological resources?

    <p>Partnership between the private sector and civil society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of National Goal 2 regarding Nigeria's biodiversity?

    <p>Promote sustainable resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of environmental resources is highlighted in the biodiversity policy?

    <p>They can be shared and transferred across generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ecosystems is prioritized for conservation in Nigeria's national biodiversity goals?

    <p>Grasslands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term benefit does the Nigerian biodiversity policy aim to achieve from its biological resources?

    <p>Employment and wealth creation for communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant component of protecting biodiversity according to National Goal 3?

    <p>Safeguarding ecosystems and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements reflects Nigeria's approach to biodiversity in terms of economic development?

    <p>Biodiversity is recognized as an asset for economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Executive Summary of the Presentation

    • The presentation is about Natural Resources and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria
    • The presentation is part of a short-term course in Environmental Standards.
    • Two consultants, Dr. Sherif Arif and Ahmed C. Abdullahi, provided information in the presentation.
    • The course was presented in March 2022.

    Objectives and Learning Outcomes

    • Understand Nigeria's natural resources endowment and their geographical distribution.
    • Understand the links between natural resources, poverty, and environmental degradation.
    • Participants will become conversant with the types, spread, and uses of natural resources in Nigeria.
    • Participants will become aware of the concept of biodiversity, policies, threats, and conservation efforts in the country.

    Course Content

    • Introduction: Statistics, Ecological Regions of Nigeria, Species
    • Natural Resources: Water and Forestry Resources, Agricultural Resources, Mineral Resources, Oil Resources
    • Biodiversity Loss: Causes and Consequences, Government Institutions, Vision and Goals

    Introduction-Review of Basic Terms and Concepts

    • Resources are physical materials from the Earth that are needed and valued.
    • Natural resources include sunlight, land, water, air, soil, forests, fisheries, minerals and oil
    • Renewable resources like wind, sunlight and water can be replenished naturally.
    • Non-renewable resources like coal, crude oil, and minerals are affected by current use, and their future availability.
    • Biomes are characterized by a variety of a biotic factors.
    • Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms and their variability in different environments.

    Introduction - Natural Resources Endowment in Nigeria

    • Nigeria has a land mass of 923,770 km2
    • It is one of the largest populated countries, with an estimated 180 million people.
    • Nigeria has arable land for agriculture, crude oil and natural gas deposits, and various minerals (tin, iron ore, coal, lead, zinc, limestone, niobium etc.).
    • It features freshwater (rivers, creeks, ponds, lakes, streams), estuarine (freshwater and saltwater interphase), and marine/saltwater water bodies.
    • The soil composition varies (clay, silt, and sand).

    Statistics on Nigeria in 2020

    • Population: 206.14 million
    • Surface Area: 923.8 thousand km2
    • Forest Area: 216.2 thousand km2
    • Terrestrial and marine protected areas: 11.6% of total area
    • Poverty headcount ratio: 40.1
    • GDP: US$432.29 Billion
    • Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing added value: 24% of GDP
    • Industry: 28% of GDP
    • CO2 emissions: 0.67 metric tons per capita

    Key Agricultural Statistics in Nigeria

    • Agriculture's share of GDP: approximately 22%
    • Agricultural employment: over 36% of the labor force
    • Smallholder farmers account for 90%
    • Nigeria's agricultural trade deficit: N689.7 billion
    • Agricultural imports (2016-2019): N3.35 trillion
    • Agricultural exports (2016-2019) : N803 billion

    Ecological Regions of Nigeria

    • The presentation gives a list of Nigeria's ecological regions, including biomes like Nile-Sudan Freshwater, Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests, and Montane Grasslands and Shrublands.

    Species in Nigeria

    • The presentation notes that the number of threatened species in Nigeria is 309 in different categories; Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Molluscs.
    • 994 Forest Reserves, 32 Game Reserves and a Biosphere Reserve are also included.

    Agricultural Resources

    • Oil palm production is a significant economic activity in several states, including Enugu, Imo, Ondo, Edo, Cross River, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, Bayelsa, Rivers, Anambra, Oyo, Abia, Edo, and Ogun State.
    • Cocoa production is also important, and occurs in Edo, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, Ogun, Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Ekiti, and Delta.
    • Cotton, groundnuts, and other crops are important agricultural commodities in the northern and south-western states of Nigeria.

    Agricultural Resources (continued)

    • Rice production 2017-2018: 3.7 to 4.0 million metric tons
    • Timber: The major area of production are Cross River, Edo, Ondo, Ogun and Delta state.
    • Tomatoes are globally ranked 13th largest producer
    • Tobacco is found in south-west Nigeria (Osun, Oyo, Kwara and Sokoto)

    State of the Agricultural Sector

    • Agriculture's contribution to export earnings is comparatively low compared to crude oil exports.
    • Agricultural commodities including sesame, cashew nuts, cocoa, ginger, frozen shrimps and cotton are significant export items.
    • Overall, Nigeria imports more agricultural products than it exports.

    Water Resources

    • Nigeria is rich in water resources.
    • 215 cubic kilometers of available surface water per year.
    • Water management is still a challenge, particularly in rural areas.
    • 20% of the population has access to safe drinking water.
    • 27% of the population has access to safe sanitation services.

    Forestry Resources

    • Forests make up 7.2% of total land area.
    • Deforestation rate is between 0.72 and 2.38% (FAO 2018)
    • Different ecosystem types are present—Tropical, savanna, rainforest, etc.
    • Timber and other resources (agricultural expansion, firewood, charcoal, grazing, bush fires) affect forestry.

    Animal Production

    • Nigeria is among the world's largest fish consumers
    • Fish production from aquaculture and fisheries is high
    • Fishing is a key source of income
    • Aquacultural and fisheries production in Nigeria is high

    Animal Husbandry

    • Livestock are important in the northern parts of the country
    • Goats, sheep and Cattle are majorly kept
    • Poultry population is over 180 million Poultry production is underexploited.

    Mineral Resources

    • Nigeria is a major producer of crude oil, amongst the top 4 in the world
    • Crude oil is found mainly in the Niger Delta.
    • Other minerals like coal, copper, gold, lead and clay are found in various states of the country.

    Mineral Resources (continued)

    • Iron ore is available in Kogi with up to 3 billion tons
    • Copper is found in the North (Nasarawa, Plateau, Zamfara, Bauchi, Gombe, Kano) and South (Abia)
    • Gold is found in Osun, other states include Maru, Tsohon, Gwari, Gurmana, Anka, Malele and Bin Yauri.
    • Lead is found in multiple states such as Akwa Ibom, Plateau, etc
    • Other minerals like Silver, Clay, Tin and Zinc are found in many areas.

    Oil Resources

    • Nigeria is the 11th largest oil producer and 9th largest oil exporter globally
    • Oil sector contributes 5.9% to GDP in 2020
    • The export value decreased considerably due to the COVID 19 pandemic

    Agriculture Challenges

    • Nigeria has several issues, namely: Poor land tenure system, Low irrigation farming, climate change, high production costs, and lack of market access.
    • The country is a major importing nation due to population increase.
    • Agricultural productivity is affected by such challenges as these.

    Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss

    • Deforestation rate: 3.5% per year( translates to a loss of 350,000 to 400,000 ha).
    • Soil erosion is affecting the country, both sheet and gully erosion
    • High population growth rate
    • Poverty is a factor for biodiversity loss and over exploitation.

    Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss (continued)

    • Policy and legislation: Existing laws about biodiversity are frequently outdated.
    • Poor land-use planning: leads to biodiversity degradation, conflicts, and poverty.
    • Socio-cultural practices: These can place limits on the range of species populations.
    • Effects of climate change: affects GDP and may lead to increasing loss of biodiversity
    • Unsustainable harvesting of resources: fuel wood from non-valuable resources and lack of protection are some of the causes

    Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Loss (continued)

    • Extractive industries like oil and gas have deleterious effects on ecosystems
    • Mining, which has shifted from large companies to small-scale operations, has created pollution issues.
    • Gas flaring: Leads to the release of methane. Invasive species: affects various ecosystems.
    • Overgrazing: Loss of plant cover.
    • The Federal Ministry of Environment advises Federals on forest conservation etc.
    • National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) enforces the laws.
    • Agencies such as National Parks Service and National Oil Spill and Detection Agency.
    • Forestry Department: Conserves forests, develops regeneration etc.
    • State Ministries of Environment: Protect environment and conserve biodiversity in the states.
    • Agriculture based research institiutions such as Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, National Cereals Research Institute, National Centre for etc are responsible for conservation

    Government Efforts

    • The Government has implemented various programs and initiatives: Agriculture Promotion Policy, Nigeria-Africa Trade & Investment Promotion Program., Economic Diversification Initiative, and Zero Reject Initiative.
    • Aim of such efforts is to improve productivity to enhance access to markets and promote sustainable use of resources.
    • Several organizations help support and implement plans for biodiversity conservation and research

    National Goals

    • Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss and mainstream biodiversity into national planning.
    • Reduce the direct pressures on Nigeria’s biodiversity resources.
    • Improve the status of biodiversity.
    • Ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits.

    Nigeria's Long-Term Vision for Biodiversity Management

    • A vision for a balanced relationship between humans and nature to sustainably utilize natural resources.
    • A focus on genetic materials as a resource for socio-economic development
    • Poorer people are more dependent on natural resources
    • Health problems are associated with access to good quality resources.
    • Livelihoods rely on natural resources
    • Vulnerability to environmental risks is high due to poverty level.

    Concluding Remarks

    • The presentation concludes with a thank-you message and an invitation to ask questions.

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    Explore the vital aspects of natural resources and biodiversity conservation in Nigeria through this quiz. Learn about the country's ecological regions, resources, and the challenges of environmental degradation. Gain insights into conservation policies and efforts aimed at preserving Nigeria's rich biodiversity.

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