Engineering Utilities 2: Plumbing Materials

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of zinc is contained in brass pipes?

80%

90%

75%

85% (correct)

Which type of plastic pipe is permanently rigid and not affected by heat?

Thermoset (TS) (correct)

Soft plastic

Thermoplastic (TP)

Rigid thermoplastic

What is a characteristic of thermoplastic pipes?

They become softer when heated. (correct)

They are used primarily for electrical wiring.

They are not resistant to solvents.

They maintain structural stability at high temperatures.

What is the purpose of pipe fittings in plumbing?

To connect pipes and change direction. Signup and view all the answers

What type of fitting provides a 90° change in direction with a short radius?

Elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting would provide a 180° change in direction?

Return Bend Elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of plastic pipes?

Susceptibility to physical damage from sunlight Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for changes in direction of piping in drainage systems?

The radius of curvature should prevent solids from accumulating. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material used in the manufacture of seamless pipes?

Carbon steel Signup and view all the answers

Which type of copper tube is considered the heaviest and is used in municipal residential applications?

Type K Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic disadvantage of Type DWV copper tubes?

Corrosive vulnerability Signup and view all the answers

Why has the use of lead pipes become rare in modern plumbing systems?

Health risks associated with lead Signup and view all the answers

What material is commonly used for storm as well as sanitary sewer installations?

Vitrified clay Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of copper tubes used in water supply systems?

99.9% copper Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of dielectric unions in plumbing?

To prevent galvanic corrosion Signup and view all the answers

What standard diameter range is available for Type DWV copper tubes?

2 inches to 6 inches Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a cap in piping systems?

To close the end of a pipe Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting allows for the connection of pipes with different diameters?

Reducer Signup and view all the answers

What is a union patente primarily used for in piping systems?

To connect two pipes that cannot be turned Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an increaser from other pipe fittings?

It is designed for connecting a pipe to another of larger size Signup and view all the answers

How is a bend offset characterized in piping?

A change in the direction of a pipeline other than 90° Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP) in plumbing systems?

Used for building installations and drainage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pipe is specifically designed to handle acid wastes?

Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe Signup and view all the answers

How often must horizontal runs of Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe be supported to prevent sagging?

Every 1.5 meters Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of using defective plumbing materials?

Service impairment and unsanitary conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key property of Asbestos Cement Pipe that makes it suitable for certain applications?

Similar properties to concrete for embedding Signup and view all the answers

Which type of galvanized steel pipe is formed by drawing a flat strip of steel and then welding it?

Welded Pipe Signup and view all the answers

What diameter range do Cast Iron Soil Pipes typically fall within?

50-150 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable drawback of galvanized steel pipe in plumbing systems?

Corrosion from alkaline and acidic water Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Combination Wye Branch fitting?

To change direction from a horizontal branch to a vertical stack. Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting is specifically designed with a slight curve in its 90° transition for improved flow?

Sanitary Tee Signup and view all the answers

In drainage systems, which type of tee must be used when flow characteristics are of concern?

Sanitary Tee Signup and view all the answers

What defines an Upright Wye Combination fitting?

A one-piece unit with a parallel branch inlet to the main flow. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fitting connects different pipe materials, like galvanized and plastic?

Adapter Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Coupling in piping systems?

To join two pipes together. Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting is characterized by having external threads at both ends?

Nipple Signup and view all the answers

What primarily differentiates a Socket from a Coupling?

The Socket offers additional mechanical strength. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plumbing Materials Overview

Plumbing materials must be defect-free to avoid unsanitary conditions
Selection of pipes, fittings, valves, and controls depends on the specific plumbing system requirements

Types of Pipes

Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP):
- Fabricated from an alloy of carbon and silicon
- Available in service (standard) and extra heavy weights
- Common sizes: 50-150mm, lengths from 5' to 10'
- Corrosion-resistant to some extent; four varieties exist
Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe:
- Alloy of cast iron and silicon
- Used in areas discharging acid wastes
- Requires support every 1.5 meters due to brittleness
Asbestos Cement Pipe:
- Composed of asbestos fiber and Portland cement
- Suitable for soil and waste applications; compatible with concrete embedment
Galvanized Steel Pipe:
- Made from mild steel, subject to corrosion from alkaline and acid water
- Two types: welded and seamless, used for various plumbing applications
Vitrified Clay Pipe:
- Common in storm and sanitary sewer installations
- Made of clay, resistant to most acids, ideal for underground use
Lead Pipe:
- Composed of 99.7% pig lead; used for specialized applications
- Limited modern use due to health concerns
Copper Tubes:
- Almost pure copper, used for water supply and sanitary systems
- Available in rigid and flexible forms; four types for different applications
- Susceptible to corrosion in certain conditions
Brass Pipes:
- Made of an alloy of copper (85%) and zinc (15%)
- Expensive, resistant to acids, smooth internal surface
Plastic or Synthetic Pipe:
- Suitable for drainage and water supply; includes thermoset and thermoplastic types
- Advantages: resistance to chemicals, low cost
- Disadvantages: poor structural stability and fire resistance

Pipe Fittings

Designed to connect pipes and change directional flow; radius of curvature is important to prevent solid accumulation.
Bends (sweep):
- Change direction, available as short and long sweep fittings
Return Bend Elbow:
- Provides a 180° change in direction
Elbow:
- Commonly has a 90° angle; used in water supply systems
Street/Service Fitting:
- Malleable iron fitting for threaded pipe, comes with a 45° or 90° angle
Wye/Wye Branch:
- Connects a branch pipe at a 45° angle
Combination Wye Branch:
- Combines wye branch and a 1/8 bend for drainage direction change
Upright Wye Combination:
- One-piece fitting for specific stack configurations
Tee:
- Connects a branch pipe at right angles; code requires sanitary tees in drainage systems
Sanitary Cross Tee:
- Designed to facilitate proper flow in drainage systems
Coupling & Socket:
- Used to join or strengthen two pipes
Adapter:
- Connects different pipe materials
Nipple:
- Short pipe section with threads on both ends
Cap & Plug:
- Close ends of pipes using internal or external threads
Bushing:
- Joins two pipes of different sizes
Union Patente:
- Connects two pipes without turning them; seals with a rotating center piece
Bend Offset:
- Changes direction of pipe lines; not limited to 90°
Reducer & Increaser:
- Adjust sizes between pipes for compatibility

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Description

This quiz focuses on the essential materials used in plumbing systems, emphasizing the importance of quality and defect-free materials. It covers various types of pipes, fittings, valves, and controls that are vital for effective drainage and sanitation. Assess your knowledge on selecting suitable plumbing materials.