Engineering Utilities 2: Plumbing Materials
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of zinc is contained in brass pipes?

  • 80%
  • 90%
  • 75%
  • 85% (correct)

Which type of plastic pipe is permanently rigid and not affected by heat?

  • Thermoset (TS) (correct)
  • Soft plastic
  • Thermoplastic (TP)
  • Rigid thermoplastic

What is a characteristic of thermoplastic pipes?

  • They become softer when heated. (correct)
  • They are used primarily for electrical wiring.
  • They are not resistant to solvents.
  • They maintain structural stability at high temperatures.

What is the purpose of pipe fittings in plumbing?

<p>To connect pipes and change direction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fitting provides a 90° change in direction with a short radius?

<p>Elbow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting would provide a 180° change in direction?

<p>Return Bend Elbow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of plastic pipes?

<p>Susceptibility to physical damage from sunlight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for changes in direction of piping in drainage systems?

<p>The radius of curvature should prevent solids from accumulating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material used in the manufacture of seamless pipes?

<p>Carbon steel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of copper tube is considered the heaviest and is used in municipal residential applications?

<p>Type K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic disadvantage of Type DWV copper tubes?

<p>Corrosive vulnerability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has the use of lead pipes become rare in modern plumbing systems?

<p>Health risks associated with lead (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is commonly used for storm as well as sanitary sewer installations?

<p>Vitrified clay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of copper tubes used in water supply systems?

<p>99.9% copper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of dielectric unions in plumbing?

<p>To prevent galvanic corrosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What standard diameter range is available for Type DWV copper tubes?

<p>2 inches to 6 inches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a cap in piping systems?

<p>To close the end of a pipe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting allows for the connection of pipes with different diameters?

<p>Reducer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a union patente primarily used for in piping systems?

<p>To connect two pipes that cannot be turned (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an increaser from other pipe fittings?

<p>It is designed for connecting a pipe to another of larger size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a bend offset characterized in piping?

<p>A change in the direction of a pipeline other than 90° (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP) in plumbing systems?

<p>Used for building installations and drainage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pipe is specifically designed to handle acid wastes?

<p>Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often must horizontal runs of Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe be supported to prevent sagging?

<p>Every 1.5 meters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of using defective plumbing materials?

<p>Service impairment and unsanitary conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key property of Asbestos Cement Pipe that makes it suitable for certain applications?

<p>Similar properties to concrete for embedding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of galvanized steel pipe is formed by drawing a flat strip of steel and then welding it?

<p>Welded Pipe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diameter range do Cast Iron Soil Pipes typically fall within?

<p>50-150 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable drawback of galvanized steel pipe in plumbing systems?

<p>Corrosion from alkaline and acidic water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Combination Wye Branch fitting?

<p>To change direction from a horizontal branch to a vertical stack. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting is specifically designed with a slight curve in its 90° transition for improved flow?

<p>Sanitary Tee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In drainage systems, which type of tee must be used when flow characteristics are of concern?

<p>Sanitary Tee (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an Upright Wye Combination fitting?

<p>A one-piece unit with a parallel branch inlet to the main flow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fitting connects different pipe materials, like galvanized and plastic?

<p>Adapter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Coupling in piping systems?

<p>To join two pipes together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting is characterized by having external threads at both ends?

<p>Nipple (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily differentiates a Socket from a Coupling?

<p>The Socket offers additional mechanical strength. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP)

Pipes made from an alloy of carbon and silicon, available in service and extra heavy weights, commonly used for soil and waste applications.

Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe

A type of cast iron pipe with added silicon, specifically designed for areas where acidic waste is discharged.

Asbestos Cement Pipe

Pipes composed of asbestos fibers and Portland cement, used in soil and waste applications, resistant to concrete embedment.

Galvanized Steel Pipe

Pipes made from mild steel, susceptible to corrosion, available in welded and seamless types for various plumbing applications.

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Vitrified Clay Pipe

Pipes made of clay, commonly used for storm and sanitary sewer installations, resistant to most acids and ideal for underground use.

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Lead Pipe

Pipes composed mainly of pig lead, used for specialized applications but limited in modern use due to health concerns.

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Copper Tubes

Tubes made almost entirely of copper, used for water supply and sanitary systems, available in rigid and flexible forms for various applications.

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Brass Pipes

Pipes made from an alloy of copper and zinc, known for their resistance to acids and smooth interior surface, but considered expensive.

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Plastic or Synthetic Pipe

Pipes made from synthetic materials like thermosets and thermoplastics, suitable for drainage and water supply, offering chemical resistance and low cost.

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Pipe Fittings

Fittings that connect pipes and change the direction of flow, with a radius of curvature to prevent solid accumulation.

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Bends (sweep)

Fittings that change the direction of flow, available in short and long sweep types.

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Return Bend Elbow

Fittings that provide a 180° turn, reversing the flow direction.

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Elbow

Fittings that commonly have a 90° angle, used primarily in water supply systems.

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Street/Service Fitting

Malleable iron fittings for threaded pipes, used to connect to water supplies, available with a 45° or 90° angle.

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Wye/Wye Branch

Fittings that connect a branch pipe at a 45° angle, often used in drainage systems.

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Combination Wye Branch

Fittings that combine a wye branch and a 1/8 bend, allowing direction changes in drainage systems.

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Upright Wye Combination

One-piece fittings used for specific stack configurations, often used in vertical plumbing.

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Tee

Fittings that connect a branch pipe at a right angle, often used in drainage systems.

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Sanitary Cross Tee

Fittings specifically designed for drainage systems, ensuring proper flow and avoiding obstruction.

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Coupling & Socket

Fittings used to join or strengthen two pipes, often used for repairs or extensions.

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Adapter

Fittings that connect different pipe materials, allowing for seamless transitions between different plumbing components.

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Nipple

Short pipe sections with threads on both ends, used for connecting fittings or pipes together.

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Cap & Plug

Fittings used to close the ends of pipes, available with internal or external threads for a secure seal.

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Bushing

Fittings used to join two pipes of different sizes, ensuring proper flow and preventing leaks.

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Union Patente

Fittings that connect two pipes without requiring them to be turned, allowing for easy connection and disconnection.

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Bend Offset

Fittings that change the direction of pipe lines, not restricted to 90° angles, providing flexibility in plumbing designs.

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Reducer & Increaser

Fittings used to adjust the size between pipes, ensuring compatibility and preventing leaks.

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Study Notes

Plumbing Materials Overview

  • Plumbing materials must be defect-free to avoid unsanitary conditions
  • Selection of pipes, fittings, valves, and controls depends on the specific plumbing system requirements

Types of Pipes

  • Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP):

    • Fabricated from an alloy of carbon and silicon
    • Available in service (standard) and extra heavy weights
    • Common sizes: 50-150mm, lengths from 5' to 10'
    • Corrosion-resistant to some extent; four varieties exist

  • Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe:

    • Alloy of cast iron and silicon
    • Used in areas discharging acid wastes
    • Requires support every 1.5 meters due to brittleness

  • Asbestos Cement Pipe:

    • Composed of asbestos fiber and Portland cement
    • Suitable for soil and waste applications; compatible with concrete embedment

  • Galvanized Steel Pipe:

    • Made from mild steel, subject to corrosion from alkaline and acid water
    • Two types: welded and seamless, used for various plumbing applications

  • Vitrified Clay Pipe:

    • Common in storm and sanitary sewer installations
    • Made of clay, resistant to most acids, ideal for underground use

  • Lead Pipe:

    • Composed of 99.7% pig lead; used for specialized applications
    • Limited modern use due to health concerns

  • Copper Tubes:

    • Almost pure copper, used for water supply and sanitary systems
    • Available in rigid and flexible forms; four types for different applications
    • Susceptible to corrosion in certain conditions

  • Brass Pipes:

    • Made of an alloy of copper (85%) and zinc (15%)
    • Expensive, resistant to acids, smooth internal surface

  • Plastic or Synthetic Pipe:

    • Suitable for drainage and water supply; includes thermoset and thermoplastic types
    • Advantages: resistance to chemicals, low cost
    • Disadvantages: poor structural stability and fire resistance

Pipe Fittings

  • Designed to connect pipes and change directional flow; radius of curvature is important to prevent solid accumulation.

  • Bends (sweep):

    • Change direction, available as short and long sweep fittings

  • Return Bend Elbow:

    • Provides a 180° change in direction

  • Elbow:

    • Commonly has a 90° angle; used in water supply systems

  • Street/Service Fitting:

    • Malleable iron fitting for threaded pipe, comes with a 45° or 90° angle

  • Wye/Wye Branch:

    • Connects a branch pipe at a 45° angle

  • Combination Wye Branch:

    • Combines wye branch and a 1/8 bend for drainage direction change

  • Upright Wye Combination:

    • One-piece fitting for specific stack configurations

  • Tee:

    • Connects a branch pipe at right angles; code requires sanitary tees in drainage systems

  • Sanitary Cross Tee:

    • Designed to facilitate proper flow in drainage systems

  • Coupling & Socket:

    • Used to join or strengthen two pipes

  • Adapter:

    • Connects different pipe materials

  • Nipple:

    • Short pipe section with threads on both ends

  • Cap & Plug:

    • Close ends of pipes using internal or external threads

  • Bushing:

    • Joins two pipes of different sizes

  • Union Patente:

    • Connects two pipes without turning them; seals with a rotating center piece

  • Bend Offset:

    • Changes direction of pipe lines; not limited to 90°

  • Reducer & Increaser:

    • Adjust sizes between pipes for compatibility

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Description

This quiz focuses on the essential materials used in plumbing systems, emphasizing the importance of quality and defect-free materials. It covers various types of pipes, fittings, valves, and controls that are vital for effective drainage and sanitation. Assess your knowledge on selecting suitable plumbing materials.

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