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Questions and Answers
Which of the following materials is known to degrades in sunlight?
Which of the following materials is known to degrades in sunlight?
What is the formula to calculate weight from mass and gravity?
What is the formula to calculate weight from mass and gravity?
Which thermoplastic is suitable for both hot and cold water applications?
Which thermoplastic is suitable for both hot and cold water applications?
What measurement unit is used to express weight?
What measurement unit is used to express weight?
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Which of the following connections is used for high density polyethylene underground mains?
Which of the following connections is used for high density polyethylene underground mains?
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What happens to an object's mass and weight when it is on the moon?
What happens to an object's mass and weight when it is on the moon?
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Which heat transfer scenario describes heated molecules passing heat to adjoining materials?
Which heat transfer scenario describes heated molecules passing heat to adjoining materials?
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Which thermoplastic is not solvent welded?
Which thermoplastic is not solvent welded?
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Which of the following statements about ferrous metals is correct?
Which of the following statements about ferrous metals is correct?
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What is an example of an alloy commonly used in plumbing?
What is an example of an alloy commonly used in plumbing?
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Which characteristic of thermoplastic materials is true?
Which characteristic of thermoplastic materials is true?
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Which of the following is a typical use of plastic in plumbing?
Which of the following is a typical use of plastic in plumbing?
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What is one disadvantage of using ferrous metals in plumbing?
What is one disadvantage of using ferrous metals in plumbing?
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What happens to a solid with a density less than 1?
What happens to a solid with a density less than 1?
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Which material has the highest density among the following?
Which material has the highest density among the following?
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What property of a material is measured in pascals?
What property of a material is measured in pascals?
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Which of the following is true about materials with high tensile strength?
Which of the following is true about materials with high tensile strength?
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What does specific heat capacity measure?
What does specific heat capacity measure?
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Lead's malleability allows it to be:
Lead's malleability allows it to be:
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Relative density can be used to determine which of the following?
Relative density can be used to determine which of the following?
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Which substance would rise in air based on its density?
Which substance would rise in air based on its density?
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What occurs during dezincification in brass components?
What occurs during dezincification in brass components?
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What is a common cause of electrolytic corrosion in plumbing systems?
What is a common cause of electrolytic corrosion in plumbing systems?
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What does the presence of a sacrificial anode in a hot water cylinder prevent?
What does the presence of a sacrificial anode in a hot water cylinder prevent?
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Which factors can lead to the degradation of plastics?
Which factors can lead to the degradation of plastics?
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What is the effect of turbulence greater than 3 m/s in piping systems?
What is the effect of turbulence greater than 3 m/s in piping systems?
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Which type of corrosion occurs if flux is not adequately cleaned after soldering?
Which type of corrosion occurs if flux is not adequately cleaned after soldering?
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In terms of the electromotive series, which can be inferred about metals that are far apart?
In terms of the electromotive series, which can be inferred about metals that are far apart?
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What type of metal does the acronym DZR or DZ indicate?
What type of metal does the acronym DZR or DZ indicate?
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What is the specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg?
What is the specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg?
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How much energy is required to raise 150 liters of water from 10°C to 50°C?
How much energy is required to raise 150 liters of water from 10°C to 50°C?
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Which material has the highest coefficient of linear expansion?
Which material has the highest coefficient of linear expansion?
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What is the formula to calculate the expansion of a material based on temperature change?
What is the formula to calculate the expansion of a material based on temperature change?
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What is the most common form of corrosion?
What is the most common form of corrosion?
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Which method is NOT mentioned as a form of corrosion prevention?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a form of corrosion prevention?
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Which factor does NOT affect the speed of corrosion in materials?
Which factor does NOT affect the speed of corrosion in materials?
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What is the primary cause of creaking pipework under floors?
What is the primary cause of creaking pipework under floors?
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Study Notes
Plumbing Materials
- Plumbing uses various materials, including metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), plastics, and alloys.
- Pure metals are extracted from ores. Examples include iron (ferrous), copper, aluminum, lead, and zinc.
- Ferrous metals contain iron and are magnetic. They easily corrode (rust, ferrous oxide) if untreated.
- Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals, like brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper and tin).
- Gunmetal is an alloy of copper, tin, and zinc; steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
- Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron, including copper, lead, zinc, and aluminum.
Plastics
- Plumbers use thermoplastics, which are made from polymer resin, for various plumbing applications.
- Examples include cold-water, hot-water, central heating, guttering, and drainage pipes.
- Thermoplastics can be heated and reshaped, but become brittle when frozen. They are recyclable.
- Examples of types include PVC (unplasticised polyvinyl chloride) Soil pipes and waste and overflow pipes.
- Medium density polyethylene (MDP), High density polyethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene, Polybutylene, ABS, which have specifications for their use, including resistance to hot water, sunlight, and other factors.
Thermosetting Plastics
- Thermosetting plastics are rigid materials that withstand high temperatures.
- They often come in hard, rigid shapes
- Examples include Formica and bakelite, which are used for various plumbing components.
- These are not recyclable.
Properties of Materials
- Mass: a measure of the quantity of matter. It's measured in kilograms.
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Weight: the force of gravity; it's measured in Newtons.
- Weight = mass x gravity, different on earth and other celestial bodies
- Gravity: a force of attraction between masses; the bigger the mass, the bigger the gravity. Gravity on earth is 9.81N, and on the moon, 1.6N.
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Density: A measure of how tightly packed molecules are; it is a measure of mass per volume. Materials with molecules tightly packed together will be denser.
- Density = mass/volume
- Heat transfer varies based on material density. Conductive materials (like copper) transfer heat better than insulating materials (like wood).
- Relative density: A comparison to water (density of 1); materials denser than 1 sink, less dense float.
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Coefficient of linear expansion: a measure of how much a material expands when heated or contracts when cooled.
- Plumbers must account for this expansion/contraction during installations.
Corrosion
- Corrosion is the deterioration of materials over time.
- Different environmental factors and materials affect the rate and type of corrosion.
- Rust (ferrous oxide): occurs when iron is exposed to water and oxygen.
- Dezincification: a type of corrosion that affects brass (copper and zinc). It causes zinc to leach out, potentially weakening and damaging the brass.
- Electrolytic corrosion: occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact, an electrolyte often the water, and dissolved between the molecules.
- Pitting: corrosion that occurs as concentrated localized attack on a metal
- Erosion: The wearing away of pipes due to turbulent water flow.
- Blue-water corrosion: corrosion that occurs in a dormant, filled water system.
Preventing Corrosion
- Inhibitor: Protects iron in heating systems.
- Galvanisation: Coating protects materials from environments.
- Painting: Coating cast iron materials helps prevent outside corrosion.
- Enamelling: Applying a protective coating to metal materials
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Description
Test your knowledge on the properties and uses of various plumbing materials, including plastics and metals. This quiz covers topics such as thermoplastics, ferrous metals, and the effects of gravity on weight. Perfect for students and professionals in the plumbing field.
