Plumbing Materials and Properties Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following materials is known to degrades in sunlight?

  • High density polyethylene (correct)
  • Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (correct)
  • Polypropylene (correct)
  • Medium density polyethylene (correct)

What is the formula to calculate weight from mass and gravity?

  • Weight = mass / gravity
  • Weight = mass x gravity (correct)
  • Weight = mass - gravity
  • Weight = mass + gravity

Which thermoplastic is suitable for both hot and cold water applications?

  • Polybutylene (correct)
  • PVCu
  • Medium density polyethylene
  • Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

What measurement unit is used to express weight?

<p>Newtons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following connections is used for high density polyethylene underground mains?

<p>Push fit (B), Compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object's mass and weight when it is on the moon?

<p>Mass remains the same, weight decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heat transfer scenario describes heated molecules passing heat to adjoining materials?

<p>Conduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which thermoplastic is not solvent welded?

<p>Polybutylene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ferrous metals is correct?

<p>They are magnetic and prone to corrosion if untreated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an alloy commonly used in plumbing?

<p>Brass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of thermoplastic materials is true?

<p>They can be heated and reshaped multiple times. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical use of plastic in plumbing?

<p>Hot water distribution systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of using ferrous metals in plumbing?

<p>They corrode easily if not treated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a solid with a density less than 1?

<p>It will float. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material has the highest density among the following?

<p>Copper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of a material is measured in pascals?

<p>Strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about materials with high tensile strength?

<p>They can be stretched significantly without breaking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does specific heat capacity measure?

<p>The amount of heat needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 10°C. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lead's malleability allows it to be:

<p>Hammered into shape without cracking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Relative density can be used to determine which of the following?

<p>Whether an object will float or sink. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance would rise in air based on its density?

<p>Natural gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during dezincification in brass components?

<p>Zinc is leached out, leaving the brass weak and brittle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of electrolytic corrosion in plumbing systems?

<p>Contact between dissimilar metals in an electrolyte. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of a sacrificial anode in a hot water cylinder prevent?

<p>Electrolytic corrosion of other metals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors can lead to the degradation of plastics?

<p>Heat, UV light, oxygen, and chemicals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of turbulence greater than 3 m/s in piping systems?

<p>It leads to increased erosion of pipes and fittings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of corrosion occurs if flux is not adequately cleaned after soldering?

<p>Pitting corrosion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of the electromotive series, which can be inferred about metals that are far apart?

<p>Electrolytic corrosion will occur more quickly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metal does the acronym DZR or DZ indicate?

<p>Dezincification resistant brass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat capacity of water in kJ/kg?

<p>4.186 kJ/kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much energy is required to raise 150 liters of water from 10°C to 50°C?

<p>25116 kJ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material has the highest coefficient of linear expansion?

<p>Plastic uPVC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the expansion of a material based on temperature change?

<p>Length of material x temperature rise x coefficient of expansion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of corrosion?

<p>Rust (ferrous oxide) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT mentioned as a form of corrosion prevention?

<p>Using a high-performance sealant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the speed of corrosion in materials?

<p>Intensity of color (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of creaking pipework under floors?

<p>Expansion and contraction due to temperature changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ferrous metals

Metals containing iron, such as steel, are prone to corrosion (rusting) when exposed to oxygen and moisture.

Alloys

A mixture of two or more different metals, often used in plumbing for their enhanced properties.

Non-ferrous metals

Metals that don't contain iron, like copper, lead, zinc, and aluminium, are often more corrosion resistant.

Thermoplastic

A type of plastic that can be repeatedly heated and reshaped, commonly used in plumbing for applications like guttering.

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Recyclable Thermoplastic

A common type of thermoplastic that can be recycled, used in various plumbing applications like guttering and drainage systems.

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Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)

A thermoplastic material used for cold water pipes, soil pipes, waste and overflow pipes, and guttering.

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High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

A type of polyethylene with a higher density than LDPE, making it suitable for underground mains and other applications.

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Thermosetting Plastics

A rigid type of plastic that cannot be melted and reshaped after it has been formed.

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Mass

The amount of matter contained within an object. It remains constant regardless of the object's location.

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Weight

The force exerted by gravity on an object's mass. It varies depending on the gravitational field.

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Density

A measure of how tightly packed the molecules are within a substance. A denser material has more molecules packed into the same volume.

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Heat Transfer

The transfer of heat energy from one object or substance to another, often through conduction, convection, or radiation.

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Tensile Strength

A measure of how much a material can be stretched or pulled without breaking.

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Compressive Strength

A measure of how much a material can withstand being crushed or compressed before breaking.

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Shear Strength

A measure of how much a material can resist forces pushing or pulling in opposite directions.

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Ductility

A measure of how much a material can be deformed without permanently breaking.

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Malleability

A measure of how much a material can be compressed or hammered without cracking.

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Hardness

A measure of a material's resistance to scratching, abrasion, or cutting.

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Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

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Electrical Conductivity

The ability of a material to conduct electricity.

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Coefficient of Linear Expansion

The measure of how much a material expands in length for every degree Celsius increase in temperature.

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Corrosion

A chemical process that causes the deterioration of a material due to reactions with its environment.

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Rust (Ferrous Oxide)

A type of corrosion that affects iron and steel, forming reddish-brown oxide. It occurs when iron, oxygen, and water are present together.

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Inhibitor

A substance added to a system to slow down corrosion. It often forms a protective layer on the metal.

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Galvanised Coating

A protective coating of zinc applied to steel or iron to prevent corrosion.

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Denso Tape

A special adhesive tape designed to protect pipes from moisture and corrosion in underground installations.

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Painting

The process of applying paint to metal surfaces to create a protective barrier against corrosion.

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Corrosion in Plumbing

Corrosion is the deterioration of a material due to chemical reactions with its environment. In plumbing, it's often caused by water, oxygen, and other chemicals.

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Dezincification

Dezincification happens when zinc is leached out of brass (copper and zinc) components, leaving them weak and brittle. It often appears as white powder (zinc oxide).

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Electrolytic Corrosion

This happens when dissimilar metals in contact with each other are exposed to an electrolyte, like water. The weakest metal gets corroded fastest.

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Sacrificial Anode

A sacrificial anode, made of magnesium, is installed in a water tank or central heating system to prevent corrosion. The anode corrodes instead of the valuable parts.

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Pitting Corrosion (Flux)

Pitting corrosion occurs when flux residue is not cleaned off solder joints. This can happen inside and outside the copper tube, leading to holes and leaks.

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Erosion in Plumbing

Erosion is the wearing away of pipes and fittings due to turbulent water flow. High flow rates, especially above 3 m/s, cause more erosion.

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Blue Water Corrosion

Blue water corrosion can occur if a new system is left dormant with water inside for a long time. This can lead to blue staining on pipes and fixtures.

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Plastic Plumbing Corrosion

Plastic plumbing materials can be affected by heat, UV light, oxygen, light exposure, and chemicals. This can lead to distortion, degradation, and yellowing.

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Study Notes

Plumbing Materials

  • Plumbing uses various materials, including metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), plastics, and alloys.
  • Pure metals are extracted from ores. Examples include iron (ferrous), copper, aluminum, lead, and zinc.
  • Ferrous metals contain iron and are magnetic. They easily corrode (rust, ferrous oxide) if untreated.
  • Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals, like brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper and tin).
  • Gunmetal is an alloy of copper, tin, and zinc; steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
  • Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron, including copper, lead, zinc, and aluminum.

Plastics

  • Plumbers use thermoplastics, which are made from polymer resin, for various plumbing applications.
  • Examples include cold-water, hot-water, central heating, guttering, and drainage pipes.
  • Thermoplastics can be heated and reshaped, but become brittle when frozen. They are recyclable.
  • Examples of types include PVC (unplasticised polyvinyl chloride) Soil pipes and waste and overflow pipes.
  • Medium density polyethylene (MDP), High density polyethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene, Polybutylene, ABS, which have specifications for their use, including resistance to hot water, sunlight, and other factors.

Thermosetting Plastics

  • Thermosetting plastics are rigid materials that withstand high temperatures.
  • They often come in hard, rigid shapes
  • Examples include Formica and bakelite, which are used for various plumbing components.
  • These are not recyclable.

Properties of Materials

  • Mass: a measure of the quantity of matter. It's measured in kilograms.
  • Weight: the force of gravity; it's measured in Newtons.
    • Weight = mass x gravity, different on earth and other celestial bodies
  • Gravity: a force of attraction between masses; the bigger the mass, the bigger the gravity. Gravity on earth is 9.81N, and on the moon, 1.6N.
  • Density: A measure of how tightly packed molecules are; it is a measure of mass per volume. Materials with molecules tightly packed together will be denser.
    • Density = mass/volume
  • Heat transfer varies based on material density. Conductive materials (like copper) transfer heat better than insulating materials (like wood).
  • Relative density: A comparison to water (density of 1); materials denser than 1 sink, less dense float.
  • Coefficient of linear expansion: a measure of how much a material expands when heated or contracts when cooled.
    • Plumbers must account for this expansion/contraction during installations.

Corrosion

  • Corrosion is the deterioration of materials over time.
  • Different environmental factors and materials affect the rate and type of corrosion.
  • Rust (ferrous oxide): occurs when iron is exposed to water and oxygen.
  • Dezincification: a type of corrosion that affects brass (copper and zinc). It causes zinc to leach out, potentially weakening and damaging the brass.
  • Electrolytic corrosion: occurs when dissimilar metals are in contact, an electrolyte often the water, and dissolved between the molecules.
  • Pitting: corrosion that occurs as concentrated localized attack on a metal
  • Erosion: The wearing away of pipes due to turbulent water flow.
  • Blue-water corrosion: corrosion that occurs in a dormant, filled water system.

Preventing Corrosion

  • Inhibitor: Protects iron in heating systems.
  • Galvanisation: Coating protects materials from environments.
  • Painting: Coating cast iron materials helps prevent outside corrosion.
  • Enamelling: Applying a protective coating to metal materials

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Plumbing Materials Properties PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the properties and uses of various plumbing materials, including plastics and metals. This quiz covers topics such as thermoplastics, ferrous metals, and the effects of gravity on weight. Perfect for students and professionals in the plumbing field.

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