Water Supply and Drainage Piping Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is a common limitation of polyethylene pipes?

They are prone to cracking under certain conditions. (correct)

They cannot convey water or effluents efficiently.

They are not available in large diameters.

They are excessively expensive to use.

What distinguishes rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes from polyethylene pipes?

They are available in only black color.

They are more flexible.

They are resistant to most inorganic acids and salts. (correct)

They support combustion.

Which chemical can attack rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes?

Organic acids

Nitro-compounds

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

All of the above (correct)

What is a key benefit of using chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipes?

They can withstand temperatures up to 93°c without insulation. Signup and view all the answers

Why are CPVC pipes considered to increase fire safety?

They do not support combustion. Signup and view all the answers

Which property of polyethylene pipes limits their use?

Environmental stress cracking susceptibility. Signup and view all the answers

What colors are rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes typically available in?

White/cream, various shades, and black. Signup and view all the answers

What type of materials can cause polyethylene pipes to crack?

Detergents and chlorinated solvents Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum temperature at which Green Polypropylene Random Copolymer (PPRC) pipes are designed to operate?

60°c Signup and view all the answers

Which jointing method is NOT used for Green Polypropylene Random Copolymer (PPRC) pipes?

Soldering Signup and view all the answers

What type of pipe is preferred for building drainage or wastewater piping?

Cast-iron and PVC pipes Signup and view all the answers

What is the safety factor designed for the Green Polypropylene Random Copolymer (PPRC) pipes?

1.5 Signup and view all the answers

Which material is NOT commonly used in composite pipes?

Steel Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of cast-iron socket and spigot pipes?

They should be free from all defects. Signup and view all the answers

What can increase the life of cement pipes?

Providing internal lining with suitable coatings Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum flow speed for liquids in PPRC pipes?

7 m/seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a closet flange?

To connect a water closet to the drain pipe Signup and view all the answers

Which component is specifically designed to allow access to drainage systems without removing plumbing fixtures?

Clean-out Signup and view all the answers

What type of weld is formed using a molten filler metal that is drawn into a capillary gap between metals?

Brazing Signup and view all the answers

How does a trap primer function in plumbing systems?

Injects water into traps to maintain seals Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a double sanitary tee from a standard cross?

It features curved inlets for two ports Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes a compression fitting?

It consists of a tapered conical seat and a compression nut. Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting allows pipes to be connected at a 45-degree angle?

Wye 'Y' Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes flared connections from compression fittings?

Flared connections require no tapered seat. Signup and view all the answers

What type of connection does a solvent create in plumbing?

A fused joint between fittings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a valve?

To regulate the flow of substances Signup and view all the answers

Which type of valve is specifically designed for preventing backflow?

Check (Non-Return) Valve Signup and view all the answers

Which fitting is designed to minimize siphon action in plumbing systems?

Sanitary Tee Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a double-tapped bushing in plumbing?

To provide opposing threaded connections Signup and view all the answers

What type of pipe features screw threads at one or both ends for assembly?

Threaded Pipe Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a common function of valves?

Join two materials together permanently Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following valves is typically used to isolate a section of piping?

Ball Valve Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a ball valve's operational principle?

The hole in the ball determines the flow rate when aligned with the pipe Signup and view all the answers

In what position does a butterfly valve stop fluid flow entirely?

When the butterfly is oriented at 90 degrees to the pipe direction Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use for check valves?

To ensure one way flow only Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows a disc check valve to block reverse flow?

Fluid flow that forces the disc back into the seat Signup and view all the answers

How does a globe valve control fluid flow?

By using a partition that creates an S-shaped flow Signup and view all the answers

What component of a gate valve is primarily responsible for operating the valve?

The wheel Signup and view all the answers

Which type of valve is often used immediately after a pump to prevent backflow?

Check valve Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using a globe valve?

It partially obstructs flow even when fully open. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a pressure regulating valve?

To reduce the water pressure to a safe level. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a flush valve accurately?

It allows for multiple flushes without waiting. Signup and view all the answers

What are pillar taps primarily made of?

Cast brass that is nickel chromium plated. Signup and view all the answers

How does a water pressure regulator typically operate?

With an adjustable spring-loaded diaphragm to reduce pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does a flush valve have compared to a traditional storage tank system?

It has a scouring action that cleans fixtures better. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of faucet is categorized as having a vertical inlet and a horizontal outlet?

Pillar Tap Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly identifies a limitation of globe valves?

They cannot withstand repeated usage well. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pipes

A pipe is a hollow cylinder made of metal, wood, or other materials used to transport water, gas, steam, petroleum, etc.
Materials used for manufacturing pipes include Carbon Steel (CS), Low Temperature Service Carbon Steel (LTCS), Stainless Steel (SS), Copper (Cu), Non-ferrous metals (e.g., nickel), and non-metallic materials (e.g., ABS, PVC, HDPE, tempered glass). Chrome-molybdenum steel (alloy steel) is commonly used for high-temperature service.
Water supply pipes are usually under pressure and embedded in floors or walls. Care should be taken to select pipes that won't leak. Common materials include galvanized iron, copper, stainless steel, rigid PVC, UPVC, CPVC, PPRC, KITEC, and UNIPIPE.
Galvanized iron (GI) pipes are commonly available in sizes ranging from 15mm to 150mm, and can be manufactured to order in higher sizes up to 250mm. They are tested for 21kg/cm² working pressure and 390°C temperature. However, they are prone to corrosion, reducing their lifespan to around 20 years.
Copper pipes are easier to assemble as they don't require threading. They come in three types (X, Y, and Z) with diameters ranging from 6 to 154mm. Copper does not rust and requires no painting.
Plastic pipes are becoming increasingly common due to their corrosion resistance, lightweight nature, and affordability. Various types are available including LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) pipe, HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) pipe, Polyethylene pipe, Rigid (Un-Plasticized) pipes, and Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) pipe. LDPE pipes are flexible and suitable for long runs. HDPE pipes can handle large diameters. Choosing the correct plastic pipe type depends on the specific application.
PPRC pipes are made of polypropylene and available in sizes ranging from 20mm to 63mm. They are joined using poly fusion welding or electro-fusion couplers and are suitable for hot and cold water systems, and can operate at a pressure of 10kg/cm² and temperature of 60°C.
Composite pipes are made from various materials; often aluminum or copper with a polyethylene coating. This gives them durability and strength.
Pipes used for building drainage are normally non-pressure type with perfect joints, preventing leaks. Cast-iron and PVC are common choices.
Cast Iron pipes are usually used above ground for drainage works. The pipes should be free of warping, shrinkage defects. They may be joined with rubber or cement. Pipes require careful preparation to prevent leaks.
Cement pipes may be used for surface drains and have an extended service life by lining them with coatings, like Epoxy/polyester, resin. The joints must be finished with a fillet sloping at 45° to the surface.
Pipe connections can be made using various methods—solvent, capillary, or compression joints—depending upon materials.

Pipe Joints

Pipe connections are made in various ways, chosen based on the materials used. Solvent, capillary, and compression joints are commonly used in pipe connections.

Fittings

Fittings are used to connect pipes, form bends, enlarge or reduce pipe size, and meet specific building needs.

Types of Pipe Fittings

Different kinds of pipe fittings are used for various plumbing applications (Couplings, Elbow, Union, Reducer, Tee, Cross Fittings, Cup, Plug, Nipple, Barb, Sweep Elbow, Closet Flange, Trap Primers, Combination Tee, Double Sanitary Tee, Wye “Y”, Double-tapped bushing). Examples include Coupling, Elbow, Union, Reducer, Tee, Cross fittings, Cup, Plug, Nipple, Barb, Sweep elbow, Closet flange, Trap primers, Combination Tee, Double Sanitary Tee, Wye “Y”, and Double-tapped bushing

Fastening of Pipes

Fastening methods include threaded pipes, solvent cement, welding, brazing, compression fittings, flared connections, and flanges. The choice depends on pipe type and application.

Valves

Valves regulate the flow of substances by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are used to control, start/stop, regulate pressure, check backflow, and control water direction.

Types of Valves

Common valve types include Gate Valve, Ball Valve, Butterfly Valve, Check (Non-Return) Valve, Globe Valve, Flush Valve, and Pressure Regulating Valve.

Taps (Faucets)

Taps, also known as faucets, are categorized as washer-less or compression type.

Types of Taps (Faucets)

Common types of taps include Pillar Taps, Bib Tap and Stop Valve, Shower Rose, and Aerated Faucets.

Sanitary Fittings

Sanitary fixtures and appliances can be classified into soil and ablution fixtures. Soil fixtures are utilized for water closets and urinals while ablution fixtures are for washing basins, sinks, bathtubs, bidets, flushing cisterns, drinking fountains, etc. These fixtures can be made of vitreous china, enamelled cast iron, fiberglass, and stainless steel.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the properties, limitations, and applications of various piping materials such as polyethylene, PVC, and CPVC. Test your knowledge on the differences between these materials, their benefits, and their safety aspects in plumbing systems.