Water Supply and Drainage Piping Systems

Green colored pipes made from polypropylene random copolymer, suitable for hot and cold water supply. They can withstand high temperatures and pressures, and are typically joined using fusion welding or electro-fusion couplers.

Pipes made from different materials like aluminum and copper with a polyethylene coating. These pipes are commonly used for building drainage and wastewater piping.

The system of pipes starting from bathroom or toilet floors that handle wastewater. Often non-pressure type with leak-proof joints.

Pipes made from cast iron, ideal for above ground drainage works, with either rubber or cement joints.

A specialized flange that connects to the floor and secures a toilet (water closet).

Cement pipes with spigot and socket joints, used for larger diameters (above 150mm). They are suitable for surface drainage in all diameters.

Fittings with removable parts to access drains without disassembling fixtures.

Method of joining cast iron pipes using a rubber gasket in the socket, with spigot ends chamfered for smoother insertion.

These fittings inject water into traps to maintain water seals, preventing sewer gases from entering buildings.

Method of joining cast iron pipes using cement in the socket joint. Requires clean, dry, and rust-free surfaces.

A tee with a curved center section, designed for smooth water flow and reduced clogging in drain systems.

Cement pipes can be made more durable by adding coatings like epoxy or polyester resin to the inside surface.

A tee with a curved center section minimizing the possibility of siphoning water out of a trap.

A fitting with two curved inlets, used for connecting back-to-back fixture drains.

A 'Y' shaped fitting used to join pipes at a 45-degree angle.

A fitting with opposing threads on the inside, used for joining pipes.

Joining materials like metals or thermoplastics by causing them to melt and fuse together.

A device that mechanically joins or attaches two or more objects, typically using screws, bolts, nuts, or rivets.

A pipe with a screw thread at one or both ends, used for connecting pipes and fittings. Common in plumbing systems.

A thermal process where a filler metal is melted and drawn into a gap between two base metals, creating a strong bond.

A type of pipe fitting designed to make leak-proof connections using compression rings and nuts. Think of a tightened grip.

A device that controls the flow of a substance by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passageways. Think of a gatekeeper for liquids.

A type of valve that controls flow by lifting or lowering a gate. Like a swing gate.

A valve that controls flow by rotating a ball with a hole in it. Like a turning ball.

Polyethylene pipes are widely used for transporting water and sewage due to their resistance to most chemicals, affordability, and ease of installation. However, they are susceptible to environmental stress cracking, which can cause failure when exposed to certain chemicals and stresses. This material is often black.

Rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes are known for their strong resistance to a variety of chemicals, even strong ones like acids, alkalis, and salts. They're often used in water distribution systems due to their resistance to corrosion and safety with potable water. However, they are vulnerable to attack by specific organic compounds.

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipes are a type of plastic pipe specifically designed for hot and cold water distribution. They have excellent chemical resistance, fire safety, and can withstand high temperatures without insulation, making them suitable for various water systems.

The process of attaching pipes using solvent cement, which dissolves a thin layer of material on the pipe ends, creating a strong, permanent bond. This technique is commonly used for joining CPVC pipes.

Environmental stress cracking is a phenomenon where a material, like polyethylene, cracks under stress when exposed to certain chemicals. This can occur even at normal temperatures and can lead to pipe failure.

Nitric acid, very strong acids (like sulfuric acid), oils, and chlorine-containing solvents are all examples of chemicals that can damage polyethylene pipes.

Oxidizing acids, esters, ketones, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, organic compounds, oregano-amino compounds, lacquer solvents, and acetic anhydride can all damage rigid PVC.

CPVC pipes are resistant to combustion, making them a safer option for water distribution in buildings compared to other materials that might ignite.

A type of valve that completely stops fluid flow when closed and allows full flow when fully open. It has a disc-shaped element that moves up and down to control flow.

A valve that uses a rotating ball with a hole to control flow. The hole aligns with the pipe for full flow and is perpendicular for no flow.

Similar to ball valves, but uses a disc shaped like a butterfly. The disc rotates to control flow, blocking it completely when perpendicular to the pipe.

A valve that allows flow in one direction only. It typically prevents backflow of fluids in a system.

It's a type of valve that features a disc that moves up and down to control flow. It's commonly used for regulating the flow of air, steam, and water.

This valve is primarily used for completely stopping fluid flow or allowing full flow through a pipe.

This valve allows smooth and continuous control of flow, often used for regulating air, steam, and water.

This valve can be completely open, allowing maximum fluid flow, or completely shut off, blocking all flow.

A plumbing valve that reduces water pressure coming from the main water line into the house.

A type of water closet or urinal that doesn't need a storage tank, using direct water pressure to flush.

A valve that allows precise control of water flow, but partially obstructs flow even when fully open and can't be fully drained.

A draw-off tap with a vertical inlet and an up-tilted or horizontal outlet, typically made of cast brass with nickel chromium plating.

A type of valve where the parts that control the flow of water can be easily replaced.

A valve that can be used repeatedly to control water flow without becoming permanently damaged.

It provides a thorough cleaning action by directly flushing with water pressure.

A Flush Valve allows immediate flushing without waiting for a storage tank to refill.