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Questions and Answers
Which abbreviation is correctly used for 'Diameter' in engineering drawings?
Which abbreviation is correctly used for 'Diameter' in engineering drawings?
What is the recommended abbreviation for 'Drawing'?
What is the recommended abbreviation for 'Drawing'?
Which of the following is true regarding the handling of hyphenated words in abbreviations?
Which of the following is true regarding the handling of hyphenated words in abbreviations?
Which abbreviation is NOT recommended according to standard practices?
Which abbreviation is NOT recommended according to standard practices?
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What abbreviation represents 'Across corners'?
What abbreviation represents 'Across corners'?
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What should be indicated in the title block of a drawing?
What should be indicated in the title block of a drawing?
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How should multiple drawing sheets with the same number be differentiated?
How should multiple drawing sheets with the same number be differentiated?
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What is the recommended maximum scale for details that should be shown in a drawing?
What is the recommended maximum scale for details that should be shown in a drawing?
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What notation should be used if a drawing cancels a previous one?
What notation should be used if a drawing cancels a previous one?
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What format should the numbering of sheets follow?
What format should the numbering of sheets follow?
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When should details be shown in a separate view or section?
When should details be shown in a separate view or section?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended scale for details?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended scale for details?
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What must be done if a drawing includes details using different scales?
What must be done if a drawing includes details using different scales?
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Which details should be included for the foundations according to the guidelines?
Which details should be included for the foundations according to the guidelines?
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What information is explicitly required regarding water management?
What information is explicitly required regarding water management?
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What aspect of railway designs must be detailed according to the guidelines?
What aspect of railway designs must be detailed according to the guidelines?
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Which of the following should be noted concerning pipe lines?
Which of the following should be noted concerning pipe lines?
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What information regarding inspection pits is necessary?
What information regarding inspection pits is necessary?
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What should be indicated for turnouts in railway designs?
What should be indicated for turnouts in railway designs?
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What details are necessary for sidings in railway planning?
What details are necessary for sidings in railway planning?
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What aspect of the foundation design must be indicated?
What aspect of the foundation design must be indicated?
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What should be shown with respect to boundary posts?
What should be shown with respect to boundary posts?
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What measurements are important concerning septic tanks?
What measurements are important concerning septic tanks?
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Which element is typically not included in the architectural drawings?
Which element is typically not included in the architectural drawings?
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What part of the structural drawing indicates the foundation details?
What part of the structural drawing indicates the foundation details?
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In the context of bridge drawing, what is essential to include for large bridges?
In the context of bridge drawing, what is essential to include for large bridges?
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How many parts must a drawing for a structure generally be prepared in?
How many parts must a drawing for a structure generally be prepared in?
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What is NOT a requirement when surveying a river for bridge construction?
What is NOT a requirement when surveying a river for bridge construction?
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Which type of drawing includes lengths of passenger and goods platforms?
Which type of drawing includes lengths of passenger and goods platforms?
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What must be indicated in the architectural drawing related to road crossings?
What must be indicated in the architectural drawing related to road crossings?
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What information does a structural drawing typically provide?
What information does a structural drawing typically provide?
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What must a site plan for new construction usually document?
What must a site plan for new construction usually document?
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Which aspect of drawing preparation is specific to small buildings?
Which aspect of drawing preparation is specific to small buildings?
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What information should be recorded on the site plan regarding flood levels?
What information should be recorded on the site plan regarding flood levels?
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Which components should be included in the architectural drawing?
Which components should be included in the architectural drawing?
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What is indicated by thin dotted lines on tracings and prints?
What is indicated by thin dotted lines on tracings and prints?
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What should be included in the plans for water supply systems?
What should be included in the plans for water supply systems?
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Which aspect of the bridge design is to be noted in the plans?
Which aspect of the bridge design is to be noted in the plans?
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What should be depicted on the site plans for new quarters?
What should be depicted on the site plans for new quarters?
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In a site plan, what calculation should be preferred at high flood?
In a site plan, what calculation should be preferred at high flood?
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What indicates existing work that is to remain on prints and tracings?
What indicates existing work that is to remain on prints and tracings?
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What does 'reduced level of salient points' refer to in sites and plans?
What does 'reduced level of salient points' refer to in sites and plans?
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Which type of line denotes new additional work on plans?
Which type of line denotes new additional work on plans?
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Which statement about the use of capital letters in abbreviations is accurate?
Which statement about the use of capital letters in abbreviations is accurate?
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What should be avoided when using symbols that may represent multiple terms?
What should be avoided when using symbols that may represent multiple terms?
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Which of the following statements is incorrect about hyphenated words in abbreviations?
Which of the following statements is incorrect about hyphenated words in abbreviations?
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Which is a recommended standard for using lowercase letters in abbreviations?
Which is a recommended standard for using lowercase letters in abbreviations?
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Which of these is a common misconception about abbreviations in engineering drawings?
Which of these is a common misconception about abbreviations in engineering drawings?
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Which of the following plans must follow specific chapters of the Indian Railways Code for preparation?
Which of the following plans must follow specific chapters of the Indian Railways Code for preparation?
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What is the role of the Chief Engineer (Open line) concerning plans prepared at the Divisional level?
What is the role of the Chief Engineer (Open line) concerning plans prepared at the Divisional level?
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Original tracings of drawings approved by a Division must be retained where?
Original tracings of drawings approved by a Division must be retained where?
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What information should the Divisional Engineer send to the Chief Engineer for approval of drawings?
What information should the Divisional Engineer send to the Chief Engineer for approval of drawings?
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What happens to drawings that do not require the Chief Engineer's approval?
What happens to drawings that do not require the Chief Engineer's approval?
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Which type of survey report is essential before the final plans are prepared?
Which type of survey report is essential before the final plans are prepared?
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How should additional corrections to master plans be handled?
How should additional corrections to master plans be handled?
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Referring to the Indian Railways Code, how should plans involving multiple departments be managed?
Referring to the Indian Railways Code, how should plans involving multiple departments be managed?
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What section of the railway codes specifies the scales for drawing plans?
What section of the railway codes specifies the scales for drawing plans?
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When dealing with details that are too small for complete dimensioning in the main representation, what is recommended?
When dealing with details that are too small for complete dimensioning in the main representation, what is recommended?
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What should be recorded on the drawing if it cancels a previous one?
What should be recorded on the drawing if it cancels a previous one?
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Which scale is NOT recommended for detailing in drawings?
Which scale is NOT recommended for detailing in drawings?
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How should multiple drawing sheets that share the same number be indicated?
How should multiple drawing sheets that share the same number be indicated?
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What notation format should be used for sheet numbering?
What notation format should be used for sheet numbering?
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What is the recommended endorsement for a drawing that cancels a previous version?
What is the recommended endorsement for a drawing that cancels a previous version?
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What is indicated at the appropriate place in the title block of a drawing?
What is indicated at the appropriate place in the title block of a drawing?
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If a drawing uses multiple scales for different details, how should these scales be documented?
If a drawing uses multiple scales for different details, how should these scales be documented?
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What information regarding the bridge's design should specifically be indicated on the plan?
What information regarding the bridge's design should specifically be indicated on the plan?
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Which of the following components is NOT typically included in an architectural drawing?
Which of the following components is NOT typically included in an architectural drawing?
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What type of line on tracings indicates existing work that is to remain?
What type of line on tracings indicates existing work that is to remain?
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Which detail is essential to include when showing plans for water supply systems?
Which detail is essential to include when showing plans for water supply systems?
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What should be indicated regarding the velocity in the site plan?
What should be indicated regarding the velocity in the site plan?
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Which additional information should be included in a site plan concerning flood levels?
Which additional information should be included in a site plan concerning flood levels?
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When preparing plans in regard to hydrology, what case should be specifically noted?
When preparing plans in regard to hydrology, what case should be specifically noted?
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In terms of bridge drawing conventions, which line style should represent new additional work?
In terms of bridge drawing conventions, which line style should represent new additional work?
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What should be included in architectural drawings to showcase the intended form?
What should be included in architectural drawings to showcase the intended form?
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What principle should be observed concerning black and coloured lines in tracings?
What principle should be observed concerning black and coloured lines in tracings?
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What is the purpose of shading certain members or parts in drawings?
What is the purpose of shading certain members or parts in drawings?
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Which color should be used to indicate work that is being relaid or rebuilt on the same plan?
Which color should be used to indicate work that is being relaid or rebuilt on the same plan?
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What is the correct method for showing new additional work that does not coincide with the bulk of the work?
What is the correct method for showing new additional work that does not coincide with the bulk of the work?
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According to standards, symbols used in site plans should conform to what?
According to standards, symbols used in site plans should conform to what?
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Which feature is essential to include in plans of drains and sewerage?
Which feature is essential to include in plans of drains and sewerage?
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What color is recommended for drawing features that should print clearly on ferro-paper?
What color is recommended for drawing features that should print clearly on ferro-paper?
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Which type of line is recommended to distinguish different railway tracks at junctions?
Which type of line is recommended to distinguish different railway tracks at junctions?
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What element should be incorporated in the set of drawings to meet execution requirements?
What element should be incorporated in the set of drawings to meet execution requirements?
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What is the significance of using broken red lines in a drawing?
What is the significance of using broken red lines in a drawing?
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What should all symbols on site plans conform to?
What should all symbols on site plans conform to?
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Study Notes
Drawing Conventions and Standards
- Scale of Drawings: All drawings except sketch plans should be drawn to scale. The scale should be indicated in the title block.
- Multiple Sheets: Multiple sheets with the same number should be distinguished by a sequential sheet number.
- Cancelled Drawings: When a drawing cancels a previous one a note should be recorded on the drawing and the cancelled drawing should be endorsed accordingly.
- Plans: Plans should be drawn to scales specified in the Indian Railways Code for Engineering Department (1993 Edition).
- Details Drawing Scale: Details that are too small for complete dimensioning in the main representation should be shown in a separate detail view or section at a larger scale.
- Foundation Details: Foundation drawings should include the nature of the soil as determined from trial pits, bore log details, and chainages.
- Inspection Pits and Other Features: Drawings should indicate the clear length of all inspection pits, capacity of weigh-bridges, diameter of turntables, capacity of high-level tanks, diameter and depth of wells, and dimensions of drains and sewers.
- Track Details: Drawings should indicate length and capacity of sidings, position of fouling marks and buffer stops, distance center-to-center of tracks, distance of facing points from the station center, turnout serial numbers, crossing angles, gathering line inclination, location of signals, signal cabins, platforms, telegraph posts, and crossings of power and telecom lines.
- Road Crossings: Drawings should indicate road crossings, their class, location, road over bridges, and underbridges.
- Structure Drawings (Buildings): Drawings for structures, including buildings, should be prepared in three parts: site plan, architectural drawing, and structural drawing.
- Site Plan: The site plan can be separate or part of an existing general plan. New quarters site plans should include type drawing numbers, north line and direction of prevailing wind.
- Architectural Drawing: The architectural drawing should include the ground plan, sections showing the building's form and dimensions, front and side elevations, floor plans, and layout details of bathrooms, kitchens, roof drainage, and finishes. It should indicate the number of floors for which the building is designed.
- Structural Drawing: The structural drawing should include the foundation plan, details of RC members, and bar bending schedules.
- Bridge Drawings: Bridge drawings should include the site plan, plans and sections of the river, cross sections showing the highest flood level, and details of abutments and piers. Notes should be made of flood section area, mean depths, catchment area, velocity obtained by calculation and experiments, allowable waterway, and increase in velocity due to afflux.
- Water Supply System Drawings: These drawings should show complete dimensions and details of the water supply, pumping, storage, and distribution systems, including reduced levels of salient points.
- Color & Line Conventions: Existing work to remain should be in full lines; work to be dismantled should be in thin dotted lines; new work should be in full red lines.
Abbreviations and Symbols
- Abbreviations: Capital letters should be used for abbreviations to ensure legibility and maintain clarity during reproduction.
- Hyphenated Words: Abbreviations for hyphenated words should include the hyphen.
- Multiple Meanings: Avoid using symbols that represent more than one term or quantity. If unavoidable, use subscripts for clarification.
Preparation of Plans
- Plans, like index plans, should be prepared in accordance with the Indian Railways Code for the Engineering Department (1993).
- These plans should include information from the Chief Engineer's office or other departments.
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Drawings
- All drawings should be initiated at the Divisional level.
- Original tracings of approved drawings are retained at the Divisional office and copies are sent to the Chief Engineer's office.
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Scales
- All drawings should be drawn to scale, indicated in the title block.
- Different scales can be used for details, shown under each relevant detail.
- Recommended scales for details are: 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50.
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Site Plans
- Site plans should include the type drawing numbers, north line, and direction of the prevailing wind.
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Architectural Drawings
- Architectural drawings should include ground plan, section through the building, front and side elevation of abutments and piers, and drawings of non-standardized details.
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Bridge Plans
- Bridge plans should include the standard of loading and reference to the type drawing of the girder.
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Water Supply Plans
- Plans of water supply, pumping, storage, and distribution systems should show complete dimensions, details, and reduced levels of salient points.
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Drainage and Sewerage Plans
- Plans of drains and sewerage should show complete dimensions, details, sufficient site features, gradient, and reduced levels of salient points.
Symbols and Colours on Drawings
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Symbols and Abbreviations
- Symbols used on site plans and plans of station yards should conform to BIS code SP46-1988.
- Table 19.1 of BIS code SP46-1988 can be referred to for commonly accepted abbreviations and symbols.
- When using abbreviations and symbols in engineering drawings, the following points should be kept in mind:
- Only capital letters are used for abbreviations to ensure legibility.
- Abbreviations which have been standardized nationally/internationally using lower-case letters should be written according to the corresponding standard.
- Abbreviations are the same for singular and plural usage.
- Periods (full stop symbol) are not to be used except where the abbreviation marks a work (e.g., No; FIG.).
- For hyphenated words, abbreviations are to be hyphenated.
- Avoid using a single symbol for more than one term or quantity.
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Colour Conventions
- Existing work that is to remain should be in full line.
- Work that is to be dismantled should be in thin dotted lines.
- New additional work should be in full red lines.
- New additional work that is not to be done at the same time as the bulk of the work should be in broken red lines.
- Work to be relaid or rebuilt elsewhere on the same plan should be in full yellow lines.
- Coloured lines may also be used to distinguish tracks of different railways at junctions (e.g., M.G. or N.G. from B.G. tracks and buildings of different railways).
- The following colours print clearly on ferro-paper:
- Black: Indian ink
- Red: Vermilion red or scarlet lake
- Yellow: Chrome yellow
- Green: Emerald green
- Blue: Prussian blue Cobalt blue
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Description
Test your knowledge about the conventions and standards in engineering drawing with a focus on specific guidelines such as scale, sheet numbering, and detail views. This quiz covers essential practices for creating precise and clear drawings as per the Indian Railways Code.