Engineering Drawing Standards
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Engineering Drawing Standards

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Questions and Answers

Which abbreviation is correctly used for 'Diameter' in engineering drawings?

  • DIA (correct)
  • DIAM
  • DIM
  • D

    • What is the recommended abbreviation for 'Drawing'?

  • DGN
  • DRG (correct)
  • DR
  • DRE

    • Which of the following is true regarding the handling of hyphenated words in abbreviations?

  • Abbreviations for hyphenated words must always be in lowercase.
  • Hyphenated words should be abbreviated without the hyphen.
  • Hyphenated words are to be abbreviated with the hyphen. (correct)
  • Hyphenated words are not allowed in abbreviations.

    • Which abbreviation is NOT recommended according to standard practices?

    <p>APP for Approved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abbreviation represents 'Across corners'?

    <p>A/C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be indicated in the title block of a drawing?

    <p>The scale or scales of the drawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should multiple drawing sheets with the same number be differentiated?

    <p>With a sequential sheet number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended maximum scale for details that should be shown in a drawing?

    <p>1:50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notation should be used if a drawing cancels a previous one?

    <p>An endorsement on the cancelled drawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format should the numbering of sheets follow?

    <p>The format Sheet No.= n/p, where n is the sheet number and p is the total number of sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should details be shown in a separate view or section?

    <p>When details cannot be dimensioned completely in the main view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended scale for details?

    <p>1:100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done if a drawing includes details using different scales?

    <p>Indicate corresponding scales under each relevant detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which details should be included for the foundations according to the guidelines?

    <p>The type of soil from trial pits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is explicitly required regarding water management?

    <p>Diameter and depth of all wells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of railway designs must be detailed according to the guidelines?

    <p>The degree, radius, total angle of deflection for curves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be noted concerning pipe lines?

    <p>Diameter of mains and subsidiary pipe lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information regarding inspection pits is necessary?

    <p>Clear length of all inspection pits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be indicated for turnouts in railway designs?

    <p>Serial numbers of the turnouts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What details are necessary for sidings in railway planning?

    <p>Length and capacity in terms of vehicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the foundation design must be indicated?

    <p>The number of floors the foundation supports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be shown with respect to boundary posts?

    <p>Their numbers and distances from the centre line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurements are important concerning septic tanks?

    <p>Location and capacity of septic tanks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is typically not included in the architectural drawings?

    <p>Telecommunication power lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the structural drawing indicates the foundation details?

    <p>Bar bending schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bridge drawing, what is essential to include for large bridges?

    <p>Cross sections showing highest flood level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many parts must a drawing for a structure generally be prepared in?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a requirement when surveying a river for bridge construction?

    <p>Analyzing the bank's vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drawing includes lengths of passenger and goods platforms?

    <p>Architectural drawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be indicated in the architectural drawing related to road crossings?

    <p>Class and location of road crossings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does a structural drawing typically provide?

    <p>R.C.C. member details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a site plan for new construction usually document?

    <p>Topography of the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of drawing preparation is specific to small buildings?

    <p>Inclusion of distinct parts on one sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be recorded on the site plan regarding flood levels?

    <p>The probable highest flood level and increase in velocity due to afflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components should be included in the architectural drawing?

    <p>Ground plan, sections, elevations, and non-standard details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by thin dotted lines on tracings and prints?

    <p>Work that is to be dismantled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the plans for water supply systems?

    <p>Complete dimensions and details, including salient points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the bridge design is to be noted in the plans?

    <p>The type drawing of the particular girder and standard loading for design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be depicted on the site plans for new quarters?

    <p>Type drawing numbers and north line with wind direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a site plan, what calculation should be preferred at high flood?

    <p>Hydraulic mean depths and velocity obtained by calculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates existing work that is to remain on prints and tracings?

    <p>Full line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'reduced level of salient points' refer to in sites and plans?

    <p>Critical reference points for elevation measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of line denotes new additional work on plans?

    <p>Full red lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the use of capital letters in abbreviations is accurate?

    <p>Only capital letters should be used for abbreviations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when using symbols that may represent multiple terms?

    <p>Using similar symbols for different terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect about hyphenated words in abbreviations?

    <p>Using hyphens in abbreviations is generally discouraged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a recommended standard for using lowercase letters in abbreviations?

    <p>Only nationally standardized abbreviations can be in lowercase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a common misconception about abbreviations in engineering drawings?

    <p>All abbreviations must be accompanied by definitions for clarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plans must follow specific chapters of the Indian Railways Code for preparation?

    <p>Index plans and yard plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Chief Engineer (Open line) concerning plans prepared at the Divisional level?

    <p>To issue instructions about approval categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Original tracings of drawings approved by a Division must be retained where?

    <p>At the Divisional office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should the Divisional Engineer send to the Chief Engineer for approval of drawings?

    <p>Trace of the drawing with marked copies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to drawings that do not require the Chief Engineer's approval?

    <p>They must be recorded at the Divisional level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of survey report is essential before the final plans are prepared?

    <p>Techno Economic Survey Report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should additional corrections to master plans be handled?

    <p>By retaining copies at Divisional office for future reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Referring to the Indian Railways Code, how should plans involving multiple departments be managed?

    <p>Incorporated by the Divisional Engineer in the drawings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What section of the railway codes specifies the scales for drawing plans?

    <p>Chapter IV of the Indian Railways Code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dealing with details that are too small for complete dimensioning in the main representation, what is recommended?

    <p>They should be included in a larger scale detail view or section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be recorded on the drawing if it cancels a previous one?

    <p>The number of the cancelled drawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale is NOT recommended for detailing in drawings?

    <p>1:100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should multiple drawing sheets that share the same number be indicated?

    <p>Sequential sheet numbers assigned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notation format should be used for sheet numbering?

    <p>Sheet No. n/p</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended endorsement for a drawing that cancels a previous version?

    <p>Appropriate cancellation endorsement must be included</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated at the appropriate place in the title block of a drawing?

    <p>The scale or scales used for the drawing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a drawing uses multiple scales for different details, how should these scales be documented?

    <p>Corresponding scales must be shown near each relevant detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information regarding the bridge's design should specifically be indicated on the plan?

    <p>The standard of loading for which the bridge is designed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT typically included in an architectural drawing?

    <p>Hydraulic mean depths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of line on tracings indicates existing work that is to remain?

    <p>Full lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which detail is essential to include when showing plans for water supply systems?

    <p>Dimensioned layout of storage and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be indicated regarding the velocity in the site plan?

    <p>Velocity obtained by calculation and experiments at high flood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which additional information should be included in a site plan concerning flood levels?

    <p>Probable highest flood level due to afflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing plans in regard to hydrology, what case should be specifically noted?

    <p>Catchment area details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of bridge drawing conventions, which line style should represent new additional work?

    <p>Full red lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in architectural drawings to showcase the intended form?

    <p>Details not standardised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle should be observed concerning black and coloured lines in tracings?

    <p>New additional work should be clearly segregated using appropriate line types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of shading certain members or parts in drawings?

    <p>To clarify the dimensions without using labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color should be used to indicate work that is being relaid or rebuilt on the same plan?

    <p>Full yellow lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for showing new additional work that does not coincide with the bulk of the work?

    <p>Representing with broken red lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to standards, symbols used in site plans should conform to what?

    <p>BIS code SP46-1988</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is essential to include in plans of drains and sewerage?

    <p>Sufficient site features including gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is recommended for drawing features that should print clearly on ferro-paper?

    <p>Vermilion red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of line is recommended to distinguish different railway tracks at junctions?

    <p>Colored lines that are distinctly different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element should be incorporated in the set of drawings to meet execution requirements?

    <p>All necessary details for complete execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using broken red lines in a drawing?

    <p>To denote new additional work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should all symbols on site plans conform to?

    <p>BIS standards and codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drawing Conventions and Standards

    • Scale of Drawings: All drawings except sketch plans should be drawn to scale. The scale should be indicated in the title block.
    • Multiple Sheets: Multiple sheets with the same number should be distinguished by a sequential sheet number.
    • Cancelled Drawings: When a drawing cancels a previous one a note should be recorded on the drawing and the cancelled drawing should be endorsed accordingly.
    • Plans: Plans should be drawn to scales specified in the Indian Railways Code for Engineering Department (1993 Edition).
    • Details Drawing Scale: Details that are too small for complete dimensioning in the main representation should be shown in a separate detail view or section at a larger scale.
    • Foundation Details: Foundation drawings should include the nature of the soil as determined from trial pits, bore log details, and chainages.
    • Inspection Pits and Other Features: Drawings should indicate the clear length of all inspection pits, capacity of weigh-bridges, diameter of turntables, capacity of high-level tanks, diameter and depth of wells, and dimensions of drains and sewers.
    • Track Details: Drawings should indicate length and capacity of sidings, position of fouling marks and buffer stops, distance center-to-center of tracks, distance of facing points from the station center, turnout serial numbers, crossing angles, gathering line inclination, location of signals, signal cabins, platforms, telegraph posts, and crossings of power and telecom lines.
    • Road Crossings: Drawings should indicate road crossings, their class, location, road over bridges, and underbridges.
    • Structure Drawings (Buildings): Drawings for structures, including buildings, should be prepared in three parts: site plan, architectural drawing, and structural drawing.
    • Site Plan: The site plan can be separate or part of an existing general plan. New quarters site plans should include type drawing numbers, north line and direction of prevailing wind.
    • Architectural Drawing: The architectural drawing should include the ground plan, sections showing the building's form and dimensions, front and side elevations, floor plans, and layout details of bathrooms, kitchens, roof drainage, and finishes. It should indicate the number of floors for which the building is designed.
    • Structural Drawing: The structural drawing should include the foundation plan, details of RC members, and bar bending schedules.
    • Bridge Drawings: Bridge drawings should include the site plan, plans and sections of the river, cross sections showing the highest flood level, and details of abutments and piers. Notes should be made of flood section area, mean depths, catchment area, velocity obtained by calculation and experiments, allowable waterway, and increase in velocity due to afflux.
    • Water Supply System Drawings: These drawings should show complete dimensions and details of the water supply, pumping, storage, and distribution systems, including reduced levels of salient points.
    • Color & Line Conventions: Existing work to remain should be in full lines; work to be dismantled should be in thin dotted lines; new work should be in full red lines.

    Abbreviations and Symbols

    • Abbreviations: Capital letters should be used for abbreviations to ensure legibility and maintain clarity during reproduction.
    • Hyphenated Words: Abbreviations for hyphenated words should include the hyphen.
    • Multiple Meanings: Avoid using symbols that represent more than one term or quantity. If unavoidable, use subscripts for clarification.

    Preparation of Plans

    • Plans, like index plans, should be prepared in accordance with the Indian Railways Code for the Engineering Department (1993).
    • These plans should include information from the Chief Engineer's office or other departments.
    • Drawings
      • All drawings should be initiated at the Divisional level.
      • Original tracings of approved drawings are retained at the Divisional office and copies are sent to the Chief Engineer's office.
      • Scales
        • All drawings should be drawn to scale, indicated in the title block.
        • Different scales can be used for details, shown under each relevant detail.
        • Recommended scales for details are: 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50.
      • Site Plans
        • Site plans should include the type drawing numbers, north line, and direction of the prevailing wind.
      • Architectural Drawings
        • Architectural drawings should include ground plan, section through the building, front and side elevation of abutments and piers, and drawings of non-standardized details.
      • Bridge Plans
        • Bridge plans should include the standard of loading and reference to the type drawing of the girder.
      • Water Supply Plans
        • Plans of water supply, pumping, storage, and distribution systems should show complete dimensions, details, and reduced levels of salient points.
      • Drainage and Sewerage Plans
        • Plans of drains and sewerage should show complete dimensions, details, sufficient site features, gradient, and reduced levels of salient points.

    Symbols and Colours on Drawings

    • Symbols and Abbreviations

      • Symbols used on site plans and plans of station yards should conform to BIS code SP46-1988.
      • Table 19.1 of BIS code SP46-1988 can be referred to for commonly accepted abbreviations and symbols.
      • When using abbreviations and symbols in engineering drawings, the following points should be kept in mind:
        • Only capital letters are used for abbreviations to ensure legibility.
        • Abbreviations which have been standardized nationally/internationally using lower-case letters should be written according to the corresponding standard.
        • Abbreviations are the same for singular and plural usage.
        • Periods (full stop symbol) are not to be used except where the abbreviation marks a work (e.g., No; FIG.).
        • For hyphenated words, abbreviations are to be hyphenated.
        • Avoid using a single symbol for more than one term or quantity.

    • Colour Conventions

      • Existing work that is to remain should be in full line.
      • Work that is to be dismantled should be in thin dotted lines.
      • New additional work should be in full red lines.
      • New additional work that is not to be done at the same time as the bulk of the work should be in broken red lines.
      • Work to be relaid or rebuilt elsewhere on the same plan should be in full yellow lines.
      • Coloured lines may also be used to distinguish tracks of different railways at junctions (e.g., M.G. or N.G. from B.G. tracks and buildings of different railways).
      • The following colours print clearly on ferro-paper:
        • Black: Indian ink
        • Red: Vermilion red or scarlet lake
        • Yellow: Chrome yellow
        • Green: Emerald green
        • Blue: Prussian blue Cobalt blue

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    Preparation of Plans PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the conventions and standards in engineering drawing with a focus on specific guidelines such as scale, sheet numbering, and detail views. This quiz covers essential practices for creating precise and clear drawings as per the Indian Railways Code.

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