Preparation of Plans PDF

PREPARATION OF PLANS CHAPTER IX the fact should be so stated; such drawings need not be reproduced. If part of the PREPARATION OF PLANS information necessary has t...

PREPARATION OF PLANS CHAPTER IX the fact should be so stated; such drawings need not be reproduced. If part of the PREPARATION OF PLANS information necessary has to be supplied by the Chief Engineer's office or by an officer of another Department, the Divisional Engineer 901 General Procedure should obtain and incorporate the details on the drawings. a) All plans such as Index plans, Index sections, yard plans etc. shall be prepared in e) In general, all plans will be initiated at accordance with the provisions in the following the Divisional level [open line or construction, chapters of the Indian Railways Code for the as appropriate]. Chief Engineer (Open line) will Engineering Department (1993). issue instructions as to which category of drawings will be approved at the Divisional Chapter II - "Modes of Investigations of level and which are to be sent to the Chief Railway Projects". Engineer (Open line or Construction) for approval. Chapter IV - " Engineering Surveys - Reconnaissance, Preliminary Original tracings* of drawings approved and Final Location Surveys". by a Division will be retained at the Divisional office with sufficient number of copies sent to Chapter V - "Engineering Survey - Project the Chief Engineer's office for record and for Report, Techno Economic correction of master plans. Survey Report and Feasibility Report." In respect of drawings to be approved by the Chief Engineer's office, the Divisional Reference may be made to IS:696-1972 Engineer will prepare the tracing and send it 'Code of Practice for General Engineering and to the Chief Engineer with copies marked to special publication SP46-1988 issued by "preliminary ". When the Chief Engineer has Bureau of Indian Standards for engineering approved the tracing, the required number of drawing practice. copies will be taken and sent to the Division. Original tracing in such cases will be kept in b) Wherever drawings are prepared in the Chief Engineer's office. computer compatible media, adequate care shall be exercised in maintaining back-up f) Additions and alterations to an existing copies and installing security systems. plan should be shown in red. Such additions and alterations will be approved by the c) Standard drawings shall not be authority who approved the original plan. When departed from without the specific permission the additions and alterations are approved by of the Chief Engineer. the Division, copies will be sent to the Chief Engineer's office. d) When part of the work has to be done to a standard plan or to an existing drawing, After additions and alterations are approved, the original tracings will be 203  PREPARATION OF PLANS corrected by the office where they are d) When preparing plans, the Divisional preserved. Engineer should obtain complete details from other departments. He should arrange for the g) All drawings should be quoted by their plans to be signed by the representative of number along with their alteration no.(e.g.NR. the department concerned or the private party H.Q.E.PLAN No.LKO/10/09-93/R1) in the in token of approval and acceptance. estimates and in the covering letters accompanying the estimates and in all The terms "tracing" includes drawings/ correspondence relating thereto. documents which are capable of being reproduced. h) Reference of sanction particulars such as Works Programme item number should be 903 Sizes of Drawings shown in the plan. a) Sizes of the trimmed sheets of all 902 Plans for Other Departments drawings, except yard plans, should be as given in Table 9.1. All plans required to be of a) The Divisional Engineer may, at his longer length will be in the form of a roll, discretion, prepare sketch plans for other keeping the width as specified. The size to be Departments or other Government used would depend on the extent of details Departments, or for private parties. Detailed required; broad guidelines are indicated in plans should be prepared when there is a Table 9.1. likelihood of the schemes proposed being sanctioned or when the charges for preparation of plans and estimates have been deposited. 204  PREPARATION OF PLANS TABLE 9.1 - SIZES OF DRAWING SHEETS _______________________________________________________________________________________________ No Sheet Trimmed Designation size (mm) (W x L) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. AO 841 x 1189 Index Plan and Section. General arrangement and detailed drawings for road over bridges, major/ important bridge works & important structures, building (steel and concrete) etc. 2. A1 594 x 841 General arrangement, 3. A2 420 x 594 Temporary arrangement & detailed drgs.for bridge works, steel structures, building and temporary arrangement drgs. for Sr. No.1 above. 4. A3 297 x 420 Site plans for road over/road under bridges, passenger platform coverings, buildings etc. and drawings for minor detailing. 5. A4 210 x 297 Plans for inclusion in Works Programme booklets for handy reference, PERT charts of works of limited activities etc. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ b) Depending on the size of a yard, yard information is included and its essential part plans should be prepared in the trimmed is located easily. The title block should be widths of 841 mm or 420 mm or 210 mm. The placed at the bottom right hand corner. Folding length of the yard plans should not be more marks must be made on the drawing sheet as than 1189 mm when they are not intended to shown in figures 1(a) to 1(d) of Annexures be kept as a roll. Yard plans can be in parts, if 9.2A & 9.2B. necessary, maintaining the scale for the drawing. 904 Titles and Numbering of Drawings- c) Borders enclosed by the edges of the a) Title block should be of size 170 mm trimmed sheet and the frame limiting the x 65 mm as shown in Annexure 9.1. Following drawing space shall be as detailed in BIS : SP basic information should be given in the title - 46- 1988 and shown in Annexure 9.1. block. d) A standard arrangement of drawing 1) NAME OF THE RAILWAY layout will ensure that all necessary 205  PREPARATION OF PLANS 2) NAME OF DIVN/CONSTN. provided for their signatures. In cases ORGANIZATION involving organisations other than the Railways, the designations should be written 3) NAME OF WORK in full. 4) REFERENCE TO SANCTION e) All signatures on tracings should be PARTICULARS in indelible ink and dated. 5) SCALE OF DRAWING AND f) Every plan should bear in small letters REFERENCE TO STANDARD at the lower left hand corner the name and DRAWING, IF ANY initials of the Draftsman and Tracer who prepared and checked the plan. The Head 6) DRAWING NUMBER Draftsman should initial below the space provided for the Divisional/District Engineer's 7) COMPLETION DRAWING NUMBER signature. 8) DATED INITIALS OF THE CONCERNED 905 Scale of Drawings OFFICIALS a) All drawings except sketch plans 9) ALTERATIONS, IF ANY, WITH FULL should be drawn to scale. The scale or scales PARTICULARS of a drawing should be indicated at the ap- propriate place in the title block. Where b) Multiple drawing sheets marked with different scales are used for details, the the same number should be indicated by corresponding scales should be shown under means of a sequential sheet number on the each relevant detail. total number of sheets in the following manner : b) Plans should be prepared to scales as specified in Chapter IV of the Indian Sheet No. = n/p Railways Code for Engineering Department Where n = sheet number and (1993Edition). p = total number of sheets c) Details that are too small for complete c) If a drawing cancels a previous one, a dimensioning in the main representation shall note to this effect and the number of cancelled be shown adjacent to the main representation drawing should be recorded on the drawing. in a separate detail view or section which is Correspondingly, the cancelled drawing should drawn to a larger scale. Recommended have an appropriate endorsement. scales for details are 1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:50. d) In the case of land plans or plans where other Railways or Organisations are 906 Details on Drawing concerned, additional space should be a) The following information should, when applicable, be shown 206  PREPARATION OF PLANS viii) All gradients, together with the distance i) The magnetic north point and true north from which the level or gradient extends with magnetic variation, if known and out of station. where buildings are designed to suit a particular orientation, an indication to that ix) All borrow pits, rivers and pipelines, effect. streams, sullage and sewer drains together with their direction of flow. For ii) The names of the nearest junctions or rivers their names and the highest known terminal stations, that on the left hand flood levels must be given. being the one from which the kilometrage starts. x) Temples, mosques and graves, roads and footpaths with the names of towns or iii) The kilometrage from headquarters of the villages they lead to. railway to the centre of the station, the kilometrage of all junction points, the zero xi) The position and block numbers of of all branch lines, the centre of a buildings. Where a building consists of station, junction point and zero of any two or more storeys, the number of floors line, when once adopted for any 'yard' or shall be mentioned. Where outhouses portion of the line, shall be a permanent exist, these shall be marked "O.H. to mark for all future references and shall Block No.....". not vary with additions, alterations, or remodelling of yards. xii) In the case of foundations, the nature of the soil as determined from trial pit, and iv) The original centre line of the railway bore log details. together with its chainages. xiii) The clear length of all inspection pits, v) The boundaries of land according to the capacity of weigh-bridges in tonnes; land plans. Where it does not unduly diameter of turntables; capacity of high interfere with important details of the level tanks and of ground tanks; diameter plan, side widths from the centre line and and depth of all wells whether for drinking boundary posts (and desirably their or for loco use; diameter of water numbers) should be shown. columns, hydrants, taps, main and subsidiary pipe lines; the clear lengths vi) Any known bench mark with the datum and sizes of drains and sewers and from which its value has been reckoned. storm-water drains; location of septic tanks. vii) The degree, radius, total angle of deflection and the tangent points of all xiv) The length and capacity in terms of curves on the line, both on the plan and vehicles of sidings; position of fouling in the longitudinal section. Beginning and marks and buffer stops; distance, centre end of transitions together with their to centre of tracks; distance of all the lengths should also be shown. facing points on the main line from the centre of station; the serial numbers of 207  PREPARATION OF PLANS the turnouts; the angles of crossings; dimensions of the various parts, and elevation inclination of gathering lines; the distance of one or more faces. It should invariably from the centre of station of all signals, indicate the number of floors for which the signal cabins with their distinguishing foundation of the building is designed. It should feature, signals being shown as viewed also include roof drainage arrangement, by the Driver and with their bases at the sanitary details, layout of bathrooms and sites they occupy; lengths of passenger layout of kitchen. Details of finishing items and goods platforms and their heights and specification should also be indicated in above rail level; telegraph posts and the Architectural drawing in the form of a note. crossings of tele-communication and Landscaping and developmental work involved power lines over head or underground. must also be shown. xv) Road crossings with their class and The structural drawing will indicate location; road over bridges and foundation plan, details of R.C.C. members and underbridges; a bar bending schedule as per standard I.S. bar bending specification. xvi) Infringements of standard dimensions, if any. c) The drawings for a bridge should include the site plan, plan and longitudinal b) Drawing for a structure including section of the river or nala above and below building should be prepared in three parts : the proposed site in the case of large bridges being rebuilt on account of insufficient i) Site plan waterway or being built at a new site and a sufficient number of cross sections showing ii) Architectural and/or General Layout highest flood level. If a correct survey of an drawing important river does not exist, the river should be surveyed for a distance of 8 km upstream iii) Structural and/or execution drawing. and 2 km down stream, all spill channels upstream being shown on the plan; these In case of small buildings, all these parts distances of 8 km and 2km are to be taken as can be included in one sheet but placed measured at right angles to the centre line of distinctly. the Railway and not along the course of the river. On these drawings, notes should be The site plan can be separate or part of made of area of flood sections and hydraulic an existing general plan. Site plans for new mean depths for each case, catchment area, quarters should include the type drawing velocity obtained by calculation and by numbers and show the north line and direction experiments (preferably at high flood ), of prevailing wind. waterway through bridge proposed to be allowed with a note on increase in velocity The Architectural drawing should and probable highest flood level due to afflux, normally include ground plan, section through ground plan of foundations, sections through the building in such directions as are the bridge in such directions as are necessary necessary to exhibit the intended form and to show the intended form and dimensions of 208  PREPARATION OF PLANS the various parts, front and side elevation of abutments and piers, and drawings of such c) In regard to black and coloured lines details as have not been standardised. on tracings and prints, the following conventions should be observed : The standard of loading for which the bridge is designed should be recorded in the i) Existing work that is to remain should plan and reference to the type drawing of the be in full line; particular girder should also be recorded. ii) Work that is to be dismantled should be d) Plans of water supply, pumping, in thin dotted lines; storage and distribution systems should show complete dimensions and details including iii) New additional work should be in full red reduced level of salient points. The lines lines. This does not apply to a drawing should be drawn in thicker lines than the rest in which all the work is new; of the plan and only sufficient buildings (with their designations) and tracks shown as are iv) New additional work that is not to be done necessary to make the purpose and location at the same time as the bulk of the work of pipe-lines understood. shown on the drawing should be in broken red lines. This does not apply to e) Plans of drains and sewerage should a drawing in which all the work is new; show complete dimensions and details with sufficient features of the site including gradient v) Work to be relaid or rebuilt elsewhere on and reduced level of salient points. the same plan should be in full yellow lines. f) The set of drawings should be complete so as to enable the work being executed as d) When desirable to do so, coloured lines per the specifications and standards desired. may also be used to distinguish tracks of different railways at junctions, M.G. or N.G. 907 Symbols and Colours on Drawings from B.G. tracks and buildings of different railways. If this is done, the colour used should a) Symbols to be used on site plans and be distinctly different from those mentioned plans of station yards should conform to BIS above. code SP46-1988. For other com-monly accepted abbreviations and symbols, table e) The following colours will print clearly 19.1 of BIS code SP46-1988 may be referred on ferro-paper : to. (reproduced in Annexure 9.3 for ready reference). Black.. Indian ink Red.. Vermilion red or scarlet lake b) For clarification of drawings it is Yellow.. Chrome yellow sometimes necessary to shade some Green.. Emerald green members/parts of members for which sections Blue.. Prussian blue Cobalt blue are drawn. In such cases, colour washing/ mixed with a little Chinese shading in broad line may be done on the back white. of the tracing for the affected area. 209  PREPARATION OF PLANS to-date and the Chief Engineer's office kept 908 Standard Drawings advised with details. When alterations are extensive and cannot be shown on an existing Standard drawings issued by the RDSO plan, a fresh plan should be prepared. such as for track and bridges and the Track Manual Drawings, shall not be traced. Copies 911 Completion Drawings as required should be obtained or Standard drawings should be carefully filed in each office a) Signed copies should be submitted by separately from other drawings and a record Assistant Engineer or the Engineer thereof maintained. responsible to the Divisional/Dy. Chief Engineer for works completed to the approved 909 Plans issued by the Chief drawings. These should indicate the work as Engineer's Office actually carried out, special care being taken that the work below ground is correctly shown Copies/Prints of plans issued by the and na-ture of soils met with recorded. Chief Engineer's office should be carefully Alterations or modifications which may have maintained and recorded; copies as required been made from the working plans should be may be obtained. marked on the prints in red ink. When several structures are erected at the same time in the 910 Plans in Divisions/Dy.Chief same locality and to the same drawings, one Engineer's, Assistant Engineer's and completion drawing may be submitted. If the Section Engineer's offices: struc-tures or buildings differ only in foundations, the completion drawing should a) The Divisional/Executive Engineers show the superstructure common to all, and and Assistant Engineers should be in separately the foundations of each building, possession of a set of each of the Standard designated in such a way that the separate Drawings, type plans, and station yard plans, foundation drawings can be identified with the land plans, plans and longitudinal sections of different buildings. the line, track diagrams, plans of bridges and other structures and plans of water supply and b) The Divisional/Dy.Chief Engineers drainage as pertain to their jurisdiction. Plans should prepare fresh tracings if the alterations in their custody should be carefully stored. are numerous, showing the works as actually built. Such tracings will have "completion They shall ensure that the Section drawing number" stencilled in red letters in Engineer of Permanent Way, Works & Bridge the space provided in Title Block and are in possession of necessary plans as Divisional Engineer's signature appended pertain to their jurisdiction and to works. thereto. b) Plans need revision as and when If minor alterations have been made, the renewals are carried out and additions or original tracing may be amended in the alterations are made. Every endeavour should Divisional/Executive Engineer's office and be made to keep the track diagrams and plans, marked "completion drawing". particularly of station yards and colonies, up- 210  PREPARATION OF PLANS c) In case of drawings approved at the divisional level, the original tracing of 912 Care and Filing of Tracing completion drawing will be kept at the divisional office with sufficient number of copies a) Tracing shall not be used for reference endorsed to Chief Engineer for record and as they are likely to get lost or damaged. incorporation in master plan. Required number of prints should be supplied to Engineers and Inspectors; each particular In case of drawings approved by the Chief project file should contain a print of the works Engineer, the "Completion drawing" prepared relating to it. by the division will be sent to the Chief Engineer for incorporating in the original b) Tracing should not be folded. Should tracing marking the same as "completion it be necessary to send a tracing from one of- drawing". fice to another, it shall be rolled and inserted in a cardboard cylinder. d) The completion drawing of a bridge should show, in addition to all dimensions, the c) Prints should be folded as indicated in following - para 903(d) above. Two methods of folding are shown in Annexure 9.2. When prints are i) Reduced level of rails. rolled for despatch, they should be rolled with the title head outwards. ii) Reduced level of bed blocks or crown and springing of arch or underside of d) The Records Section of each Drawing slabs. Branch may file every tracing and original drawing on the basis of the subjects iii) Reduced levels of top and bottom of classification and the index-card-filing system. founds. If on piles or wells, reduced Each drawer of the index-card-cabinet should level of bottom should be given and be distinguished by a classification number, complete drawings showing the strata the system of classification being determined passed through with details of any tests by C.E. Each card should be complete as made. regards title of the drawing, other connected drawings, file-reference and the drawer iv) Nature of soil. number in which the original is stored. When possible without undue labour and Storage drawers should have placards expense, these levels should be connected to on the outside indicating the contents in each. a permanent bench mark, but where this is The plans should be stored flat in shallow not readily available, the reduced level as given drawers of convenient dimensions. Probability in the longitudinal section should be taken as of damage by moths or white ants should be correct. In all cases, a note must be added guarded against. stating from where the datum level has been obtained. e) Wherever found convenient The Chief Engineer can put the original records/drawings on microfilm or they may be computerised for future records. 211  ANNEXURE 9.1 212  ANNEXURE 9.2 Para 903 (d) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213  ANNEXURE 9.2 Para 903 (d) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 214  PREPARATION OF PLANS Source : SP 46-1988 ANNEXURE 9.3 Para 907(a) ABBREVIATIONS 1. Scope - This section covers such of a) They should be used sparingly only when the abbreviations which are recommended for space saving in a drawing is essential. use in general engineering drawings. Abbreviations already covered in specific b) Short words such as 'day', 'unit', 'time', subjects, such as units and quantities, etc. should preferably be written in full, tolerancing, gears, fluid power, electrical and even when an abbreviation has been electronics are not dealt in this section. standardized. 2. Enclosed Table lists some of the c) Periods (full stop symbol) are not to be common abbreviations recommended. used except where the abbreviation Abbreviations are the same both for singular marks a work (for example, No;FIG.) and plural usage. Only capital letters are used for abbreviations to ensure maintenance of d) For hyphenated words, abbreviations are legibility bearing in mind reproduction and to be with the hyphen. reduction process. Abbreviations which have already been standardized nationally/ e) Sometimes one and the small letter internationally using lower case letters should, symbol may represent more than one however, be written according to the term or quantity. Hence it is advisable corresponding standard. not to use such symbols to mean two different terms in one and the same 2.1 When using abbreviations and drawing. If it becomes unavoidable, the symbols in engineering drawings, the following symbols may be provided with suitable points are to be borne in mind. subscript. 215  PREPARATION OF PLANS RECOMMENDED ABBREVIATIONS Diameter (in a note) DIA Term Abbreviations Term Abbreviations Across corners A/C Dimension DIM Across flats A/F Drawing DRG Alteration ALT East E Approved APPD Etcetera Etc. Approximate APPRO External EXT Arrangement ARRGTX Figure FIG. Assembly ASSY General GEN Auxiliary AUX Ground Level GL Bearing BRG Haxagon/Hexagonal HEX Bureau of Indian Std. BIS Head HD Cast Iron CI Horizontal HORZ Centre Line CL Hydraulic HYD Centre of gravity CG Inspection/ed INSP Centre to Centre C/C Inside diameter ID Centres CRS Insulation INSUL Chamfered CHMED Internal INT Checked CHKD Left Hand LH Cheese head CH HD Long LG Constant CONST Material MATL Continued CONTD Machine/Machinery M/C Counterbore C'BORE Manufacture/ing MFG Countersunk head CSK HD Maximum MAX Countersunk CSK Mechanical MECH. Cylinder/Cylindrical CYL Minimum MIN 216  PREPARATION OF PLANS Miscellaneous MISC South S Term Abbreviations Term Abbreviations Modification MOD Sketch SK Nominal NOM Specification SPEC North N Standard STD Number NO. Spotface SF Opposite OPP Symmetrical (in a note) SYM Outside diameter OD Temperature( " ") TEMP Pitch circle diameter PCD Thick THK Quantity QTY Thread (in a note) THD Radius(in a note) RAD Through(in a note) THRU Required REQD Tolerance TOL Right Hand RH Typical TYP Round RD Undercut (in a note) U/C Reference REF Weight WT Screw/Screwed SCR West W Serial Number SL.No. With reference to/ Sheet SH With respect to (in a note) WRT HHHHHHH 217