Biochemistry LE 6: Metabolic Integration II

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What is the result of lipolysis?

Increased availability of free fatty acid as fuel (correct)

Decreased oxidation of free fatty acids

Reduced availability of free fatty acid as fuel

Enhanced glucose production

What is the primary role of AMPK in energy homeostasis?

To promote biosynthesis

To inhibit muscle contraction

To enhance ATP-producing processes (correct)

To inhibit ATP-producing processes

What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction during anaerobic glycolysis?

Oxidation of free fatty acids

Glycolysis (correct)

Gluconeogenesis

Fatty acid synthesis

What is produced during anaerobic glycolysis in the muscle?

Lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver during the recovery phase?

To replenish glucose supply in the exercising muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cori Cycle?

A cycle that utilizes lactate to produce glucose Signup and view all the answers

What impairs energy homeostasis?

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epinephrine and glucagon?

To promote CHO and lipid metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oxaloacetate in the gluconeogenesis process?

It serves as a substrate for PEPCK Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on ACC1?

It phosphorylates ACC1, inhibiting fatty acid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on HSL?

It phosphorylates HSL, enhancing TAGs breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glycerol in the liver?

It is converted into glycerol-3-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Kris' diet on his BMI?

It lowers his BMI Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for Kris' lethargy at the ER?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of Kris' lifestyle on his energy metabolism?

It decreases his energy expenditure Signup and view all the answers

What advice should be given to Kris to prevent a recurrence of his ER visit?

Increase his caloric intake and balance his diet Signup and view all the answers

Why does Jyllo's early morning blood sugar remain elevated?

Decreased glucose uptake in muscles and adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical basis of metformin's action in controlling blood sugar in type 2 DM?

Increased glucose uptake in muscles and adipose tissue Signup and view all the answers

What could be the reason behind Jyllo's rapid weight loss?

Increased lipolysis and gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is Ally's most likely diagnosis?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What did Ally experience at the concert grounds?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What would be Ally's expected laboratory results in the ER?

Low random blood sugar, acidic venous blood gases, and low serum sodium Signup and view all the answers

Why did Ally experience dizziness and fainting at the concert grounds?

Hypoglycemia due to insulin injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the metabolic response to stress?

To provide glucose for the brain Signup and view all the answers

What happens to anabolic pathways during stress?

They are suppressed Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of epinephrine and glucagon on insulin secretion?

They inhibit insulin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of increased cortisol levels during stress?

Hypercatabolic state Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on insulin resistance?

It increases insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of energy during stress?

Glucose, fatty acids, and protein catabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on glucagon levels?

It increases glucagon levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on protein synthesis?

It inhibits protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of suppressed anabolic pathways during stress?

Stimulation of catabolic pathways Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epinephrine during stress?

It stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the key enzyme involved in glyceroneogenesis?

PEPCK Signup and view all the answers

What happens to NAD+ in patients who are alcoholics?

It is converted to NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of glyceroneogenesis?

Glycerol-3-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

In the starved state, what happens to glucose levels in the blood of uncontrolled Type 2 DM patients?

They increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of metformin on JG's condition?

It decreases his blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Why does JG still have elevated blood sugar levels?

He has uncontrolled gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of PEPCK in glyceroneogenesis?

To catalyze the reaction of glyceroneogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glyceroneogenesis on TAGs?

It increases TAGs Signup and view all the answers