Energy Generation in the Body and Electron Transport
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the proton pump in the chemiosmotic theory?

  • To create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (correct)
  • To synthesize ATP directly using proton energy.
  • To break down glucose into pyruvate.
  • To transport electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

What is the key difference between the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation?

  • ETC occurs in the cytoplasm, while oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria.
  • ETC requires oxygen, while oxidative phosphorylation does not.
  • ETC generates ATP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses ATP.
  • ETC generates an electrochemical gradient, while oxidative phosphorylation utilizes this gradient to produce ATP. (correct)

Which of the following molecules is NOT directly involved in the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?

  • Acetyl-CoA (correct)
  • FADH2
  • ATP synthase
  • NADH

What is the role of the proton pore in ATP synthase?

<p>To provide an exit pathway for protons back into the matrix. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the citric acid cycle contribute to ATP production?

<p>By generating NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP synthase?

<p>To synthesize ATP using the energy from the proton gradient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Oxidative phosphorylation is a direct consequence of the electron transport chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons?

<p>To prevent the movement of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the electron transport chain?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules act as electron donors in the electron transport chain?

<p>NADH and FADH2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the electron transport chain?

<p>ATP synthase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the electron transport chain located?

<p>Inner mitochondrial membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Complexes I, III, and IV in the electron transport chain?

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>The electron transport chain drives oxidative phosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the electron transport chain contribute to energy release?

<p>By creating a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and Pi using a proton gradient.

Chemiosmotic Theory

Theory explaining how electron transport and ATP formation are coupled through proton gradients.

Proton Pump

A process that transfers protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton concentration gradient.

Proton-Motive Force

The electrochemical gradient that drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix via ATP synthase.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation

Process of ATP production driven by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain.

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Citric Acid Cycle

Multistep process that converts acetyl-CoA to CO2 while producing NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

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NADH

An electron carrier produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, used in oxidative phosphorylation.

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FADH2

Another electron carrier produced in the citric acid cycle that also contributes to ATP synthesis.

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Biological Oxidation

The process by which the body generates energy through oxidation reactions.

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Electron Transport Chain

A series of proteins that transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen in aerobic cells.

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Proton Pumping

Action of complexes I, III, and IV that move protons into the intermembrane space, contributing to the proton gradient.

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Coenzyme Q and Cytochrome C

Mobile electron transporters in the electron transport chain that facilitate electron transfer.

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Study Notes

Energy Generation in the Body

  • Biological oxidation is a key concept in energy generation. It functions by transferring electrons.

  • The respiratory chain and ATP synthesis are crucial processes in energy production within cells.

  • Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) plays a key role in generating energy.

Electron Transport Chain

  • Electron-transfer chain is a sequence of proteins, transferring electrons to molecular oxygen.
  • Oxidized coenzymes allow for continuous oxidation in catabolism.
  • Energy is released during electron transport.
  • Location: Inner mitochondrial membrane
  • Components: 4 complexes (I, II, III, IV), coenzyme Q and cytochrome C

Oxidative Phosphorylation

  • Enzymatic phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, coupled to electron transfer from a substrate to molecular oxygen.
  • ATP synthase is also called Complex V.
  • This process is coupled to energy generation of the respiratory chain.

Chemiosmotic Theory (Mitchell)

  • Explains the coupling of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Transmembrane differences in proton concentration store energy for oxidative phosphorylation in cells.
  • Two steps involved: Proton pump, and re-entry of protons through ATP synthase.
  • Energy derived from electron transfer is temporarily stored as a charge and pH difference across the mitochondrial membrane.

The Citric Acid Cycle

  • A multistep process converting acetyl-CoA to CO2, producing NADH, FADH2, and ATP

  • Also known as the TCA cycle and Krebs cycle.

  • Location: Mitochondrial matrix.

  • Fully oxidizes AcetylCoA to CO2.

  • Produces NADH and FADH2, later used for energy generation in the electron transport chain.

  • Is an anabolic pathway providing biosynthetic intermediates for glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids.

  • Regulation: Activators include ADP and NAD+, inhibitors include citrate, ATP, and NADH.

  • Energy Balance: Each NADH generates 2.5 ATPs, each FADH2 generates 1.5 ATPs, and 1 ATP is directly produced per cycle. For each Acetyl CoA, a total of approximately 10 ATPs are generated.

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Energy Generation In The Body Lesson 7 PDF

Description

Explore how energy is generated in the body through biological oxidation, the respiratory chain, and ATP synthesis. This quiz delves into crucial processes like the Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation, highlighting their importance in cellular energy production.

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