Energy Balance: Gaining, Losing, and Maintaining Weight

What is the state of energy balance when calorie intake equals calorie output?

What is the critical factor in controlling body weight, according to Figure 10.12?

What happens when calorie intake is lower than calorie output?

What is the average weight gain of freshmen in college, according to scientific studies?

What are some factors that contribute to weight gain in freshmen, besides stress?

What is the result of being in a negative energy state?

What is the consequence of a small positive energy balance over time?

What occurs when calorie intake is greater than calorie output?

What is the myth surrounding weight gain in freshmen, and what is the reality?

Why is positive energy balance necessary during pregnancy?

What happens to excess dietary carbohydrate, protein, and alcohol in a positive energy balance state?

During which periods of growth does positive energy balance occur?

What is the result of being in a positive energy state over time?

Energy Balance

Energy equilibrium is when calorie intake equals calorie output for basal metabolism, physical activity, and TEF, resulting in stable weight over time.
Balanced energy state is critical to maintaining weight, whether gaining, losing, or staying the same.

States of Energy Balance

Negative Energy Balance

Occurs when calorie intake is lower than calorie output.
Body metabolizes stored fat for energy, resulting in weight loss.
Over time, adipose tissue shrinks, and clothes become loose.

Positive Energy Balance

Occurs when calorie intake from macronutrients and alcohol is greater than calorie output.
Body stores excess dietary fat in adipose cells, resulting in weight gain.
Over time, adipose tissue increases, and clothes become tight.
Positive energy balance is necessary for pregnant women, fetal development, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

Importance of Energy Balance

Maintenance of energy balance is critical for controlling body weight.
Long-term energy balance is achieved by matching calorie intake to calorie output.
Even small positive energy balance can cause weight to increase over time, regardless of age.

Additional Facts

The "freshman 15" is a myth; freshmen students gain an average of 7.5 pounds due to factors like stress, unhealthy eating, excess alcohol, and reduced physical activity.

Understand the concept of energy balance and its impact on weight management. Learn to compare states of positive and negative energy balance and how to maintain a balanced energy state.