12 Questions
What is a risk factor that can damage the endothelium?
Smoking
What happens to monocytes after they attach to the endothelium?
They migrate into the intimal layer
What is formed when macrophages consume oxidized LDLs?
Foam cells
What is the result of smooth muscle proliferation?
The vessel lumen becomes smaller
What happens to LDLs when they penetrate intact endothelium?
They quickly oxidize into proinflammatory lipids
What is the result of oxidized LDLs on monocyte migration?
Oxidized LDLs attract more monocytes
What is the primary reason for monocyte emigration into the intimal layer?
As a direct result of endothelial cell injury
What is the consequence of endothelial injury on its function?
Loss of ability to produce antithrombotic and vasodilating cytokines
What is the role of hemodynamic factors in atherosclerosis?
They promote the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in areas of turbulent flow
What is the consequence of oxidized LDLs on the vessel lumen?
It decreases in size due to smooth muscle proliferation
What is the role of platelets in atherosclerosis?
They aggregate and adhere to the site of injury, leading to smooth muscle proliferation
What is the outcome of the positive feedback situation in atherosclerosis?
Increased endothelial injury and advanced atherogenesis
Test your knowledge on endothelial cell injury and monocyte emigration. Learn about how risk factors like smoking, hypertension, high LDL levels, and immune system mechanisms can damage the endothelium, leading to atherosclerotic lesions. Understand how sticky monocytes attach to the endothelium following injury.
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