25 Questions
How do endocrine and nervous systems work together?
Endocrine system uses hormones carried by body fluids, while nervous system uses nerve impulses transmitted through neurons.
What is the function of hormone receptors?
Hormones affect only those cells with specific membrane proteins (receptors) for that hormone.
What are the general mechanisms of hormone action?
Binding to receptor on/in target cell, leading to synthesis of new molecules, change in membrane permeability, and changes in rates of reactions within target cell.
How do circulating hormones travel and act?
They travel in blood and act on distant targets.
How is the anterior pituitary controlled?
Via hypophyseal portal system.
Which gland is located in the sella turcica?
Pituitary gland
What is the general mechanism of hormone action?
Hormones bind to receptors on/in target cells, leading to various effects
How is the anterior pituitary controlled?
By the hypophyseal portal system
What type of control involves blood levels of certain substances sensed directly by endocrine tissue?
Humoral control
Which gland is responsible for producing hormones that affect the metabolism of target cells/tissues?
Thyroid gland
Which of the following glands is not controlled by the hypophyseal portal system?
Parathyroid gland
What is the primary mode of control for the posterior pituitary gland?
Neural control
Which gland is responsible for producing hormones that affect neighboring cells?
Parathyroid gland
In the endocrine system, where are hormone receptors typically located?
On/in target cell membrane surface or within the cell
Which type of control involves direct stimulation by the central nervous system?
Neural control
Which structure connects the two distinct lobes of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
Infundibulum
What is the primary method of transportation for circulating hormones in the body?
Bloodstream
Which gland is responsible for producing hormones that affect metabolism and general functions of target cells/tissues?
Thyroid gland
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
What is the primary target organ of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Adrenal cortex
Which hormone stimulates breast development and milk production?
Prolactin
Where do hypothalamic neurons release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into?
Posterior pituitary
Which gland produces the majority of glucocorticoids, including cortisol?
Adrenal cortex
What is the main function of mineralocorticoids, particularly aldosterone?
Conserves sodium in the kidneys
What are the two forms of thyroid hormones produced by follicular cells?
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
Study Notes
Endocrine and Nervous Systems
- The endocrine and nervous systems work together to coordinate and regulate various bodily functions.
- The endocrine system produces hormones that act as messengers, while the nervous system provides electrical signals that stimulate or inhibit hormone production.
Hormone Receptors
- Hormone receptors are located on the surface of target cells or inside the target cells.
- They bind to specific hormones, triggering a response in the target cells.
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
- Circulating hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells.
- Hormones can act on target cells directly or indirectly through second messengers.
- The general mechanism of hormone action involves binding to specific receptors, triggering a response, and regulating various physiological processes.
Anterior Pituitary Control
- The anterior pituitary is controlled by the hypothalamus through the hypophyseal portal system.
- The hypothalamus releases releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce and release various hormones.
Pituitary Gland
- The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica.
- The anterior pituitary produces hormones that affect metabolism and general functions of target cells/tissues.
- The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
Endocrine Tissue Control
- One type of control involves blood levels of certain substances sensed directly by endocrine tissue.
- Another type of control involves direct stimulation by the central nervous system.
Hormone Production
- The thyroid gland produces hormones that affect metabolism and general functions of target cells/tissues.
- The adrenal gland produces glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone.
- The pancreas produces hormones that affect neighboring cells.
Hormone Transportation
- Circulating hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells.
- The primary method of transportation for circulating hormones in the body is through the bloodstream.
Hormone Functions
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the release of thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland.
- Prolactin stimulates breast development and milk production.
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released into the bloodstream by hypothalamic neurons and helps regulate water balance.
- Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, have a wide range of functions, including regulating metabolism and immune response.
- Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
- Thyroid hormones, such as T3 and T4, regulate metabolism and development.
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system with this quiz! Explore the types of control the endocrine and nervous systems have, the role of hormones and glands such as the pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, thyroid gland, and ovaries. See how much you know about the chemical messengers and their impact on target tissues and metabolism.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
