Endocrine System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is (are) true of the hormone melatonin?

  • It is a sleep trigger. (correct)
  • Its level is the highest at night. (correct)
  • It is a releasing hormone.
  • Iodine is needed to produce it

The element needed for thyroid gland function is

  • calcium.
  • iodine. (correct)
  • manganese.
  • potassium.

Lack of iodine may lead to?

  • Dwarfism
  • Grave's disease
  • Goitre (enlarged thyroid gland) (correct)
  • Cretinism

Hypersecretion of the thyroid gland may lead to?

<p>Grave's disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone would be released when blood glucose falls:

<p>Glucagon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which endocrine organ is responsible for the secretion of insulin?

<p>Pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which endocrine organ regulates blood calcium ions?

<p>Parathyroid gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is thought to trigger ovulation?

<p>LH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these hormones is responsible for the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement below about hormones is true?

<p>Hormones are released into the blood circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the hypothalamus is correct?

<p>The hypothalamus secretes &quot;releasing hormones&quot;. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does the thyroid produce?

<p>Thyroxine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone(s) does the adrenal medulla produce?

<p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas?

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland or organ releases erythropoietin?

<p>The kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does parathyroid hormone have?

<p>It increases plasma Ca2+ concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT part of the endocrine system?

<p>The acini cells of the pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

<p>An endocrine gland secretes into the blood (an exocrine gland does not). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

State the 3 cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus

<p>The three cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus are: polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger).</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland

<p>The anterior pituitary gland produces several hormones, including: Growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin (PRL), and Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the 2 hormones produced by the pancreas

<p>The pancreas produces glucagon and insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two conditions associated with increased glucose levels

<p>Two conditions associated with increased glucose levels are diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List any one condition associated with the thyroid gland

<p>One condition associated with the thyroid gland is hypothyroidism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Melatonin: True or False?

Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, reaches its highest levels at night, acting as a sleep trigger. Its production is not dependent on iodine.

Element needed for thyroid function

Iodine is a crucial component for the thyroid gland's function. It's needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Consequences of iodine deficiency

Insufficient iodine intake can lead to goitre (enlarged thyroid gland), cretinism (developmental delays), and potentially even dwarfism. It does not cause Grave's disease.

Effects of hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, or overproduction of thyroid hormones, can cause Grave's disease (a type of hyperthyroidism), leading to goiter.

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Hormone released when blood glucose falls

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is released to raise glucose levels.

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Insulin: Producing organ

Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells within the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels.

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Organ regulating blood calcium

The parathyroid glands are responsible for controlling calcium ion levels in the blood. They release parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase blood calcium.

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Hormone triggering ovulation

Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovary.

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Hormone for male secondary sexual characteristics

Testosterone is the primary hormone responsible for developing male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth.

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True statement about hormones

Hormones, unlike enzymes, do not directly catalyze reactions. They are chemical messengers that circulate in the blood, affecting specific target cells, but not all of them.

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True statement about the hypothalamus

The hypothalamus, a part of the brain, is connected to the pituitary gland by the infundibulum. It's responsible for secreting releasing hormones.

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Thyroid hormone

Thyroxine (T4), a thyroid hormone, is converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in target tissues. T3 is the more active form.

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Hormones produced by adrenal medulla

The adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal gland, produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

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Product of beta cells in the pancreas

Beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin, while the alpha cells produce glucagon. These hormones regulate blood sugar levels.

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Producing organ for erythropoietin

Erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, is produced by the kidneys.

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Effect of parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels in the blood by promoting its release from bones.

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Non-endocrine component of the pancreas

The acini cells of the pancreas produce digestive enzymes, unlike the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), which produce hormones.

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Distinguishing feature of an endocrine gland

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release substances through ducts onto a specific surface.

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Cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, a disease characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), has three cardinal signs: increased thirst, increased urination, and increased hunger.

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Hormones produced by anterior pituitary

The anterior pituitary gland produces several hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, growth hormone (GH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

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Pancreas: Hormone producers

The pancreas produces two major hormones: insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises blood sugar.

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Conditions with increased glucose levels

Increased glucose levels are associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus (due to insufficient insulin or insulin resistance) and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

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Thyroid gland: Associated conditions

Conditions associated with the thyroid gland include hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

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Study Notes

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Melatonin: Its level is highest at night. It's a sleep trigger. It is not a releasing hormone, and iodine is not needed for its production.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Thyroid Gland Function: Iodine is the necessary element for proper thyroid gland function.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Iodine Deficiency: Lack of iodine can lead to goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) and cretinism. Grave's disease is not caused by iodine deficiency. Dwarfism is also unrelated.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Hypersecretion of Thyroid Gland: Hypersecretion of the thyroid gland can lead to a condition called Grave's disease. Goiter, cretinism and dwarfism are not caused by this.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Blood Glucose Levels and Hormones: When blood glucose levels fall, glucagon is released; insulin is not. Amino acids and peptides are unrelated.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Insulin Secretion: The pancreas is the endocrine organ responsible for insulin secretion. The pineal gland, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland, are not involved.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Blood Calcium Regulation: The parathyroid gland is responsible for regulating blood calcium ion levels. The pituitary, pineal, and thyroid glands are not responsible.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Ovulation Trigger: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for triggering ovulation.

Endocrine System - Tutorials Quiz

  • Male Secondary Sexual Characteristics: Testosterone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Hormone Function: Hormones are released into the blood circulation. They are not enzymes nor do they affect all cells in the body. They're not released by neurons at synapses.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is part of the brain and is composed of neural tissue, it secretes releasing hormones. It isn't connected by the infundibulum and doesn't produce epinephrine or norepinephrine.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Thyroid Hormone: The thyroid produces thyroxine, which is converted to triiodothyronine in target tissues. It doesn't produce thyroid-stimulating hormone, calcitriol, or parathyroid hormone.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Adrenal Medulla Hormones: The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, not aldosterone, corticosteroids, or glucocorticoids.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Pancreatic Beta Cells: The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin. The alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon. Angiotensins or glucocorticoids are not produced by the beta cells of the pancreas.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Erythropoietin Production: The kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO), which signals red bone marrow to increase red blood cell production.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Parathyroid Hormone's Effect: Parathyroid hormone increases plasma calcium concentration, not decrease it.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3

  • Not Part of Endocrine System: The acini cells of the pancreas are not part of the endocrine system. They produce digestive enzymes, not hormones.

Endocrine System - Quiz 3 (Difference between Exocrine & Endocrine Glands)

  • Endocrine Glands: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts leading to a target location.

Endocrine System - Self-Check Quiz

  • Diabetes Mellitus Cardinal Signs: Refer to your lecture notes for the list of cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus. This is not provided in the document.

Endocrine System - Self-Check Quiz

  • Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Refer to your lecture notes for the list of hormones produced by the anterior pituitary. This is not provided in the document.

Endocrine System - Self-Check Quiz

  • Pancreatic Hormones: Refer to your lecture notes for the list of two hormones produced by the pancreas. This is not provided in the document.

Endocrine System - Self-Check Quiz

  • Conditions with Increased Glucose Levels: Refer to the lecture notes for two conditions associated with higher-than-normal glucose levels. This is not provided in the document.

Endocrine System - Self-Check Quiz

  • Thyroid Gland Condition: Refer to your lecture notes for one condition associated with the thyroid gland. This is not available here.

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