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Thyroid Health

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Questions and Answers

What are the two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)

What is the role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis?

To regulate the thyroid gland

What is the negative feedback loop in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis?

High levels of T3 and T4 inhibit TRH and TSH release

What are thyrocytes and what is their primary function in the thyroid gland?

Thyrocytes are the cells in the thyroid gland responsible for producing and secreting thyroid hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of iodine uptake and what is its role in thyrocytes?

Iodine is taken up through the sodium-iodide symporter and transported into thyrocytes, where it is used to form thyroid hormones. Signup and view all the answers

How are T3 and T4 molecules formed in thyrocytes?

T3 is formed from the combination of MIT and DIT, while T4 is formed from the combination of two DIT molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible causes of hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism can be caused by Grave's disease, thyroiditis, and toxic nodular goiter. Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

The symptoms of hyperthyroidism include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and increased sweating. Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical basis of hyperthyroidism?

The biochemical basis of hyperthyroidism involves an excess of thyroid hormones in the blood, specifically T3 and T4. Signup and view all the answers

What are the various conditions that can cause hypothyroidism?

Conditions that can cause hypothyroidism include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid surgery, and iodine deficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the biochemical basis of hypothyroidism?

The biochemical basis of hypothyroidism involves a deficiency of thyroid hormones in the blood, specifically T3 and T4. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common biochemistry tests for thyroid disease and what do they measure?

The most common biochemistry tests for thyroid disease include TSH, Free T3, and Free T4. TSH levels are used to diagnose and monitor both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, while Free T3 and Free T4 levels can provide more specific information about thyroid hormone levels. Signup and view all the answers

What additional tests can help identify autoimmune diseases affecting the thyroid gland?

Thyroid antibody tests can help identify autoimmune diseases affecting the thyroid gland. Signup and view all the answers

Why is monitoring thyroid hormone levels through regular lab testing important?

Monitoring thyroid hormone levels through regular lab testing can help determine the effectiveness of treatment and adjust medication dosages as needed. Signup and view all the answers