Questions and Answers
What do the adrenal glands refer to?
What does the suffix '-ism' indicate?
The hormone _____ stimulates ovulation in the female.
luteinizing
The _____ gland secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands.
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The _____ hormone stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.
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The _____ gland functions as part of the endocrine system by secreting a hormone that functions as part of the immune system.
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The hormone _____ works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.
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Cortisol is secreted by the _____.
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The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is increased by the hormone ____.
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Norepinephrine is secreted by the _____.
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The hormone _____ stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
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The development of the male secondary sex characteristics is stimulated by the hormone _____.
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A pheochromocytoma is a rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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The beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels.
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What condition is characterized by excessive thirst?
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Mrs. Wei's condition is known as _____.
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The condition known as _____ is characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones.
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A condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream is known as _____.
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Damage to the retina of the eye caused by diabetes mellitus is known as diabetic ____.
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Hyperpituitarism is the excess secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland, causing ____.
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What is the term for inflammation of the thyroid gland?
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What term is used for the surgical removal of the pancreas?
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What does insulinoma refer to?
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Study Notes
Endocrine System Terminology
- Adren/o: Refers to the adrenal glands which produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline.
- Acr/o: Relates to extremities, including hands and feet.
- Gonad/o: Pertains to reproductive organs, including ovaries in females and testicles in males.
- -dipsia: A suffix meaning thirst.
- Crin/o: Indicates the act of secretion, as in hormones.
- -ism: A suffix denoting a condition or state.
- Pancreat/o: Relates to the pancreas, an organ involved in insulin and glucagon production.
- Parathyroid/o: Refers to the parathyroid glands that regulate calcium levels in the blood.
- Pineal/o: Pertains to the pineal gland, which secretes melatonin.
- Pituitar/o: Relates to the pituitary gland, known as the "master gland."
- Somat/o: Refers to the body.
- Poly-: A prefix meaning many or excessive.
- Glyc/o: Indicates sugar or glucose.
- Thyroid/o: Pertains to the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism.
- Thym/o: Relates to the thymus, important for immune function.
Hormones and Their Functions
- Luteinizing Hormone: Stimulates ovulation in females.
- Pituitary Gland: Secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands.
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex.
- Calcitonin: Works with parathyroid hormone to lower blood calcium levels.
- Cortisol: Secreted by the adrenal cortex, it helps manage stress and metabolism.
- Glucagon: Increases blood glucose levels, opposite effect of insulin.
- Norepinephrine: Released by the adrenal medulla, it affects fight or flight response.
- Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
- Testosterone: Influences the development of male secondary sex characteristics.
Conditions and Disorders
- Acromegaly: Caused by excess growth hormone in adults, leading to enlarged features.
- Cushing's Syndrome: Result of prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels.
- Diabetes Insipidus: Caused by insufficient ADH production, leading to excessive urination.
- Diabetes Mellitus: A group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose due to insulin issues.
- Hashimoto's Disease: An autoimmune disorder destroying thyroid cells, leading to hypothyroidism.
- Gigantism: Excessive growth due to growth hormone overproduction before puberty.
Diagnostic Terms and Tests
- Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS): Measures baseline glucose levels after fasting.
- Fructosamine Test: Assesses average blood glucose levels over the past 3 weeks.
- Insulinemia: High levels of insulin in the blood.
- Thyroid Storm: Life-threatening condition due to extreme hyperthyroidism.
Anatomic Terminology
- Pancreatic Islets: Cluster of cells in the pancreas that regulate blood glucose.
- Pineal Gland: Influences circadian rhythms through melatonin onset.
- Adrenal glands: Regulate electrolyte levels and homeostasis.
- Thyroid Gland: Stimulates metabolism, affecting overall energy levels.
Surgeries and Procedures
- Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of the pancreas.
- Thyroidectomy: Surgical procedure to remove the thyroid gland.
- Thymectomy: Removal of the thymus gland.
- Electrolytes: Essential minerals like sodium and potassium that regulate cellular functions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system with these flashcards from Chapter 13. Each card features a term related to the endocrine glands and their functions, along with its definition. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of this crucial biological system.
