Endocrine System Flashcards - Chapter 11
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Questions and Answers

Hormones can be classified as either:

  • Protein or nonprotein
  • Steroid or nonsteroid (correct)
  • Cortisol or glycoprotein
  • Steroid or cortisol
  • In the endocrine system, secreting cells send hormones to signal specific:

  • Effector cells
  • Target organ cells (correct)
  • Neurons
  • Basal cells
  • The control of hormonal secretion is usually part of a:

  • Endocrine reflex
  • Negative feedback loop (correct)
  • Endocrine feedback loop
  • Positive feedback loop
  • Known as tissue hormones, these substances play an important role in communication and the control of many body functions:

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pituitary gland is really two glands. They are the:

    <p>Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formation and activity of the corpus luteum is a result of the secretion of which hormone?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hormone that stimulates breast development necessary for eventual lactation is:

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are stored and released by the:

    <p>Posterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Corticoids are hormones secreted by the:

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process stimulated by glucocorticoids that converts amino acids to glucose is called:

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The portion of the adrenal gland that secretes the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine is the:

    <p>Adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The part of the brain that plays a dominant role in the regulation of many body functions such as body temperature, appetite, and thirst is the:

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body's internal clock is supported by the:

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin and glucagons are antagonists because:

    <p>Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration; glucagon increases it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This hormone secreted by the thyroid gland increases calcium storage in bone:

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hormone Classification

    • Hormones are classified mainly as steroid or nonsteroid types, influencing their mechanisms of action in the body.

    Target Cells

    • In the endocrine system, hormones are sent by secreting cells to specific target organ cells for signaling purposes.

    Hormonal Regulation

    • The secretion of hormones is primarily regulated through negative feedback loops, which help maintain homeostasis.

    Tissue Hormones

    • Prostaglandins, known as tissue hormones, are crucial for communication and regulation of various bodily functions.

    Pituitary Gland Structure

    • The pituitary gland consists of two parts: adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary).

    Corpus Luteum Formation

    • Luteinizing hormone is responsible for the formation and activity of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive cycle.

    Lactation Hormone

    • Prolactin is essential for stimulating breast development necessary for lactation.

    Storage and Release of Hormones

    • Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland.

    Corticoids

    • Corticoids, including glucocorticoids, are hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, impacting metabolism and stress responses.

    Gluconeogenesis

    • Gluconeogenesis is the process stimulated by glucocorticoids that converts amino acids into glucose for energy.

    Adrenal Gland Functions

    • The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, critical for the body's fight-or-flight response.

    Hypothalamus Role

    • The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating body functions such as temperature, appetite, and thirst.

    Pineal Gland Function

    • The pineal gland supports the body’s internal clock by regulating melatonin production and circadian rhythms.

    Insulin and Glucagon

    • Insulin and glucagon function as antagonists; insulin decreases blood glucose levels while glucagon increases them.

    Thyroid Gland and Calcium Regulation

    • Calcitonin, secreted by the thyroid gland, helps increase calcium storage in bones, playing a vital role in calcium homeostasis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the Endocrine System with these flashcards from Chapter 11. Learn about hormone classifications and how they interact with target organs. Perfect for students preparing for exams in biology or health sciences.

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