End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Causes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following Beta-receptor Blockers has peripheral alpha-1 receptor blockade activity?

Carvedilol

What is the primary mechanism of action of Central Alfa-2-receptor Agonists?

Stimulating alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the CNS

What is the key side effect of Direct Vasodilators?

Tachycardia

What is the primary mechanism of action of Alfa-receptor Antagonists?

Inhibiting postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Beta-receptor Blockers is administered in an IV solution?

Metoprolol Tartrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the key side effect of Beta-receptor Blockers?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with Type I diabetes are likely to develop diabetic nephropathy?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal in the management of patients with CKD Stages G1-3?

Slow the progression to dialysis-dependent CKD Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors?

Inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose and sodium in the proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) in adults?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of diabetic nephropathy?

Albuminuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the target blood pressure goal for patients with CKD according to KDIGO 2021 guidelines?

< 120/80 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Finerenone in the management of diabetic kidney disease?

Blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated sodium reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of hypertension in patients with CKD Stage 3?

> 75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the non-pharmacological approach to managing hypertension in CKD?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ACEIs or ARBs in the management of diabetic kidney disease?

Reducing protein excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal level of serum globulins in a healthy individual?

trace Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of managing glomerulonephritis?

Identifying and treating the underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of nephrotic range proteinuria based on a urine dipstick test?

3+ or more Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for hypertension in glomerulonephritis?

RAAS blocking agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of gross hematuria?

Tea-colored or cola-colored urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for severe proteinuria in glomerulonephritis?

Corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of the substance that lowers serum potassium levels?

Exchanging potassium for hydrogen and sodium in the gastrointestinal lumen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with the body's buffering system in CKD?

The body's buffering system becomes compromised Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of metabolic acidosis on a BMP?

HCO3 < 22 mEq/L Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid formulations containing potassium in the management of metabolic acidosis?

To reduce the risk of hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical frequency of BMP monitoring in CKD 4 and 5?

Every month Signup and view all the answers

What is a long-term complication of CKD in pediatric patients?

Growth impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is the third most common cause of renal failure in adults?

Glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the glomerulus?

To filter the blood and allow for the excretion of waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the glomerular basement membrane?

To give the glomerulus a negative charge and repel negatively charged substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for protein in a urinalysis test?

0 or trace Signup and view all the answers

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