Emergency Life Support First Aid Training

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Questions and Answers

What should you do if you cannot speak during an emergency call?

Try to make a loud noise.

Hang up and try calling again later.

Send a text message instead.

Type 55 to activate the silent solution system. (correct)

What is the purpose of the non-emergency number 111 in the UK?

To report criminal activity.

To receive medical advice and assess health issues. (correct)

To receive immediate medical help.

To order an ambulance regardless of the situation.

How can someone who is hard of hearing contact emergency services?

They must always use the phone.

They can send a text message to emergency services. (correct)

They can ask someone nearby to call for them.

They should write a note.

What should you avoid doing if making noise puts you in danger during an emergency?

Stay silent and wait for help. Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to call emergency services again?

If the ambulance has not arrived and the situation changes. Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by typing '55' during an emergency call?

It confirms you are in a genuine emergency situation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if the situation changes after calling emergency services?

Call emergency services again. Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if you immediately make a noise when you can't speak during an emergency?

You may inadvertently alert the danger. Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial to remember when opening a baby's airway?

Position the head in a neutral position. Signup and view all the answers

How often should a baby be breathing in 10 seconds to be considered normal?

8 to 10 breaths. Signup and view all the answers

What initial action should you take if you find an unconscious baby?

Tickle the baby's feet to induce a response. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary survey procedure when assisting an unconscious baby?

Adapt the steps used for adults and children. Signup and view all the answers

Where might you typically find an unconscious baby?

In their cot or car seat. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to look, listen, and feel for breathing in a baby?

To determine if the baby is in distress. Signup and view all the answers

What should you avoid when placing a baby in the recovery position?

Tilting the head too far backward. Signup and view all the answers

Which steps should be included in the secondary survey for a baby?

Evaluating for head-to-toe injuries. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main skills taught for treating an unconscious casualty who is breathing?

Using the recovery position Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is NOT covered in the course?

Treatment for fractures Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action to take for a casualty who is not breathing?

Perform CPR Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is specifically designed to handle breathing difficulties in a casualty?

Recognizing asthma attacks Signup and view all the answers

What additional resource is provided during the course for further reference?

Downloadable handouts Signup and view all the answers

How does the course ensure engagement and practice of learned skills?

Encouraging practice through videos Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incorrect assumption about the course's coverage?

It covers all emergency situations comprehensively. Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a critical step after attempting first aid for an injury or illness?

Seeking immediate professional medical advice Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to take when assessing a casualty on the floor?

Check the area for danger Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if the casualty does not respond to your voice?

Push gently on their shoulders Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the recovery position?

To keep the airway clear and prevent choking Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken after ensuring the area is safe?

Shout for help to get a first aid kit Signup and view all the answers

What does the primary survey involve?

Checking for responsiveness and breathing Signup and view all the answers

During an emergency, what emotional state is important to maintain?

Calmness to help others stay calm Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in the secondary survey?

Injuries through a head-to-toe check Signup and view all the answers

What items should be checked for danger in the area?

Hazards like fire or falling objects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of maintaining a neutral airway for a baby in the recovery position?

To prevent choking on vomit if the baby becomes sick Signup and view all the answers

What does CPR stand for?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first link in the chain of survival?

Call emergency services Signup and view all the answers

Why is early CPR considered crucial in the chain of survival?

It prevents brain damage from lack of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

In what position should a baby's head be when preparing them for the recovery position?

Slightly lower than the torso Signup and view all the answers

What role does an automated external defibrillator (AED) play in the chain of survival?

It provides early defibrillation to the casualty Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action is recommended if a casualty is found not breathing normally?

Start CPR immediately Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to have the baby's airway in a neutral position?

The head is neither bent forward nor backward Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately when encountering an adult who has collapsed and is not breathing?

Call emergency medical services as soon as possible. Signup and view all the answers

When alone with an adult casualty who is not breathing, what step should be taken regarding calling for help?

Start CPR for a while before calling for assistance. Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where a helper is available, what is the best division of responsibilities?

One should perform CPR while the other calls for an ambulance. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it particularly important to start CPR quickly on adults?

Adults often suffer from heart issues that require immediate intervention. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended protocol for a rescuer dealing with a child or drowning victim?

Perform resuscitation for one minute before calling for help. Signup and view all the answers

For how many rescue breaths should a rescuer give before performing compressions for a child?

Five breaths. Signup and view all the answers

In case there is no helper present with an adult casualty, what is the recommended action after calling EMS?

Immediately start CPR after setting the call on speakerphone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an AED in the resuscitation process?

AEDs help restore normal heart rhythm in cardiac issues. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'S' in the acronym SKULL stand for in assessing the severity of a burn?

Size of the burn Signup and view all the answers

Why are electrical burns potentially more serious than other types of burns?

They involve two burn sites. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of burn involves the top layer of skin being removed and is often accompanied by blisters?

Partial thickness burn Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum duration for cooling a burn with running water?

20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cooling burns is true?

Cool water is sufficient to reduce pain and severity. Signup and view all the answers

In assessing burn severity, which age group tends to experience worse burns due to thinner skin?

Children and elderly Signup and view all the answers

What type of burn is characterized by damage to all layers of skin, leaving an open wound?

Full thickness burn Signup and view all the answers

What body areas are indicated as particularly serious if burned?

Hands, face, and genitals Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended duration for cooling a burn with water?

20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should you do first if someone has a burn?

Remove any jewelry near the burn Signup and view all the answers

What type of wrapping is recommended for a partial or full thickness burn?

Loosely with cling film Signup and view all the answers

In assessing the extent of a burn, what percentage does the head represent?

9% Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper action to take if a person has a burn greater than the size of their palm?

Seek medical help Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should NOT be applied to a burn?

Creams or ointments Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with clothing that is stuck to a burn?

Leave it in place until medical help arrives Signup and view all the answers

Why is using water from a hose potentially problematic for cooling a burn?

It can have bacteria and hot water Signup and view all the answers

Which body part is least likely to require immediate medical attention for a burn?

Forearms Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if a child has a burn?

Always encourage a visit to the hospital Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Content

The course covers Emergency Life Support and First Aid training.
Topics include Introduction, Being Prepared, Unconscious Casualty (not breathing), Heart Attack and Seizures, Choking, Bleeding, Burns and Scalds, Breathing Difficulties, and Conclusion.
The course consists of 10 sections, 41 lectures, and a total length of 2 hours and 26 minutes.

What You'll Learn

Treat an unconscious casualty who is breathing using the recovery position.
Treat an unconscious casualty who is NOT breathing by performing CPR.
Understand how to use an AED (defibrillator).
Treat a suspected Heart Attack.
Treat a casualty choking.
Treat a bleeding casualty (minor and major wounds).
Treat a burn.
Treat seizures.
Treat Asthma.
Treat Anaphylaxis.
Treat a casualty with embedded objects, a foreign object in a wound (e.g., knife, glass)

Requirements

The course is suitable for anyone wanting to increase their first aid knowledge.

Emergency SMS Service

RNID, BT, Cable & Wireless, the Department of Communities and Local Government, OFCOM, UK emergency services, and all mobile network operators developed this service.
Contact 999 by SMS text if you cannot make voice calls.
Register by texting 'register' to 999.

Medical ID - ICE

ICE stands for "in case of emergency" and keeps emergency information on your smartphone.
iPhones use the Apple Health app for ICE.
- Open the Apple Health app.
- Tap on Medical ID in the bottom right corner.
- Tap Create Medical ID.
- Turn on Show When Locked.
- Fill in all relevant information and assign an emergency contact person (name and phone number).
- Hit Done to save.
Samsung phones create a dedicated ICE Emergency Contacts group within the contacts app.
- Create the group.
- Add emergency contacts.
- Enable calling of emergency contacts from the lock screen.
- Access lock screen (without unlocking).
- Hold the phone icon and drag to centre.
- Hit the Emergency button

First Aid Kit Contents

20 adhesive dressings (different sizes)
2 sterile eye pads
4 triangular bandages
6 medium and 2 large sterile wound dressings
6 safety pins
Latex free gloves
Saline Solution, Foil Blanket, Burns dressing Disposal, ice packs, micro pore tape, and scissors (other useful items)
Scissors

Priorities of Treatment

Primary Survey: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing
Secondary Survey: Head and neck, Shoulders and chest, Abdomen and pelvis, Legs and Arms, Pockets and clues, Medical ID bracelets

Recovery Position

The recovery position keeps the airway open and drains any vomit,
Place the casualty on their side with their knee and arm bent at 90 degrees.
Open their airway.

Chain of Survival

Early recognition and call for help
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Post-resuscitation care

Unconscious Adult/Child/Baby Life Support

Includes checks for danger, response, airway, and breathing, alongside CPR procedures
Differentiates CPR procedures for adults, children, and babies, with respect to appropriate hand placement for compressions and rescue breaths

Heart Attack

Sudden blockage in blood supply to the heart muscle.
Signs include: pale, cold clammy skin; pain in chest, shoulders, jaw, back; dull/crushing pain; anxiety; shortness of breath
Treat by calling 999 instantly, reassuring the casualty, checking for any medication they should take, loosening tight clothing, and monitoring vital signs.

Choking (Adult/Child/Baby)

Obstruction of the airway.
Mild choking: encourage coughing, remove any obvious obstruction
Severe choking: up to five back blows, up to five abdominal thrusts; if no improvement, call emergency services.
Baby choking: adapt the same procedures, with back slaps focused between the shoulder blades and chest thrusts centered on the breastbone.

Epilepsy/Seizures

Seizures are sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain that cause body convulsions.
Monitor for signs like loss of consciousness, possible loss of bladder control, and convulsive movements.
Protect casualty and note the time of the seizure, keep them calm.
Call 999 if the seizure lasts more than 10 minutes or if they suffer repeated seizures

Anaphylaxis

A severe allergic reaction.
Ask about EpiPen usage, place in a comfortable position and monitor vitals.
Use auto-injector pens (Jext, EpiPen, Emerade) & call 999 for help.
Look for signs like: blotchy patches, swelling around the face, itching, redness, reduced blood pressure, difficulty breathing
Immediate medical assistance vital.

Bleeding

Types: Arterial (bright red, frothy), Venous (dark red, sticky), Capillary (blood red, watery)
Control by applying direct pressure with a dressing, bandage, or similar material to the wound
Elevate the wound if not contraindicated.

Burns

Identify type: thermal (superficial, partial, full thickness); chemical; electrical.
Treat by cooling (20 minutes) and seeking medical care (if extensive or with chemicals).
Cover with cling film to avoid infection

Soft Tissue Injuries

Soft tissue injuries including sprains and strains (ligaments and muscles, respectively).
Treat RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

Fractures

Immobilize the injured area with support slings or elevation slings.

Head Injuries

Protect the head, assess consciousness, and call emergency services if needed.

Embedded Objects / Nose, Eyes, Ear

Seek professional help - do not remove foreign objects.
Report any signs of meningitis.

Asthma

Obstruction of airways.
Treatment includes using inhalers, and calling emergency services if needed.
Symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, distress, anxiety.

Diabetes

Blood sugar levels not managed correctly.
Hyperglycemic attack: high blood sugar develops gradually. Rapid pulse, breathing, drowsiness and unconsciousness possible.
Hypoglycemic attack: Low blood glucose levels. Rapid pulse, trembling limbs, confusion, pale skin, or sweating.
Seek immediate medical attention

Poisoning

Multiple entry points including mouth (ingestion), nose (inhalation), eyes (absorption), and skin (absorption), with different substances and severity.
Immediate treatment: check airway and breathing, call emergency services immediately.

Effects of Heat and Cold

Heat exhaustion: elevated temperature, headache, dizziness, weak pulse, rapid breathing, and possible cramps. Treatment involves moving the casualty to a cool location, elevate their legs, and offer water.
Heatstroke: severe headache, dizziness, confusion, flushed skin, slow response, and a body temperature of 40°C or above. Seek medical attention immediately.
Hypothermia: body temperature drops below 35°C. Characterized by loss of limb control, uncontrollable shivering that stops, stiff muscles, weak pulse, and possible unconsciousness. Treatment includes rapid cooling, removing wet clothing and warming the casualty, and careful monitoring.

Spinal Injuries

Assess for pain, inflammation, loss of movement/sensation (hands, feet, or general), loss of bladder/bowel control, and impaired breathing.
Stabilize the area and contact emergency services if needed.

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Description

This quiz covers critical emergency procedures when dealing with infants, including how to contact emergency services if you cannot speak. It also highlights crucial steps for assessing an unconscious baby and understanding normal breathing patterns. Test your knowledge on baby safety and emergency response techniques.