CPR Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What steps should the first rescuer who arrives at the side of an unresponsive infant or child perform?

1.) Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim. 2.) Check for responsiveness. Tap the child's shoulder or the heel of the infant's foot and shout, 'Are you OK?' 3.) If the victim is not responsive, shout for nearby help. Activate the emergency response system via mobile device (if possible).

How do you check if a victim is breathing? Based on the results, what should you do next?

To check for breathing, scan the victim's chest for rise and fall for no more than 10 seconds. If the victim is breathing, monitor the victim until additional help arrives. If the victim is not breathing or is only gasping, the victim has respiratory or cardiac arrest.

Where does one feel for a pulse on an infant? What about a child?

Infant: Palpate a brachial pulse. Child: Palpate a femoral or carotid pulse.

In a child or infant, when should one start high-quality CPR?

If a pulse is not definitely felt within 10 seconds, start CPR, beginning with chest compressions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps to locating the brachial artery pulse on an infant?

1.) Place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder. 2.) Press the fingers to attempt to feel the pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps to finding the femoral artery pulse on a child?

1.) Place 2 fingers in the inner thigh, midway between the hip bone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meets the torso. 2.) Feel for a pulse for at least 5 but no more than 10 seconds. If you do not definitely feel a pulse, begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions. Signup and view all the answers

What should one do if the victim is breathing normally and a pulse is present?

Monitor the victim. Signup and view all the answers

What should one do if the victim is not breathing normally but a pulse is present?

Provide rescue breathing. Add compressions if the pulse remains 60/min or less with signs of poor perfusion. Confirm that the emergency response system has been activated. Continue rescue breathing and check pulse about every 2 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What should one do if the victim is not breathing or is only gasping and has no pulse?

If you are alone and the arrest was sudden and witnessed, leave the victim to activate the emergency response system. Get the AED and emergency equipment. If someone else is available, send that person to get it. If you are alone and the arrest was not sudden and witnessed, begin high-quality CPR for 2 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the compression techniques for infants and children?

Infants: 2-finger chest compressions. Children: 1 or 2 hands (whatever is needed to reach adequate depth). Signup and view all the answers

What are signs of poor perfusion?

Cool extremities, altered mental state, weak pulses, paleness, mottling (patchy appearance), and later cyanosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal rate for compressions in all cardiac arrest victims?

100 to 120/min Signup and view all the answers

What is the compression to ventilation ratio for single rescuers? What about double rescuers?

Single rescuers: 30:2. Double rescuers: 15:2. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps for performing the two-finger compression technique on an infant (1 rescuer)?

1.) Place the infant on a firm, flat surface. 2.) Place two fingers at the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line, on the lower half of the breastbone. Do not press on the tip of the breastbone. 3.) Give compressions at a rate of 100 to 120/minute. 4.) Compress at least one third the AP diameter of the infant's chest (about 1 1/2 inches [4 cm]). 5.) Allow the chest to fully recoil; do not lean on the chest. 6.) After every thirty compressions, give two breaths. 7.) After about five cycles or two minutes, activate the emergency response system and retrieve the AED. 8.) Continue until advanced providers take over or the infant begins to breathe. Signup and view all the answers

Why is complete chest recoil important?

Chest recoil allows blood to flow into the heart. Incomplete chest recoil reduces the filling of the heart between compressions and reduces blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps for performing the two thumb-encircling hands technique on an infant (two rescuers)?

1.) Place the infant on a firm, flat surface. 2.) Place both thumbs side by side on the center of the infant's chest, supporting the infant's back with the fingers of both hands. 3.) Use both thumbs to depress the breastbone at a rate of 100 to 120/min. 4.) Compress at least one third the AP diameter of the infant's chest. 5.) Completely release pressure and allow the chest to recoil. 6.) After every 15 compressions, pause for the second rescuer to give 2 breaths. 7.) Continue CPR until the AED arrives or the infant responds. Signup and view all the answers

When performing CPR on infants, why is the two-thumb encircling technique (2 rescuers) more preferred over the two-finger technique (1 rescuer)?

The two-thumb technique produces better blood supply to the heart, helps ensure consistent depth and force of chest compressions, and may generate higher blood pressures. Signup and view all the answers

How deep should one compress when performing CPR on an adult, child, and infant?

Adult: At least 2 inches (5 cm). Child: At least one-third the AP diameter of the chest or about 2 inches (5 cm). Infant: At least one-third the AP diameter of the chest or about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm). Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps for performing high-quality CPR on a child or infant with two rescuers?

The first rescuer begins high-quality CPR starting with chest compressions. For an infant, use the two-finger technique until the second rescuer returns. Use the two thumb-encircling hands technique during two-person CPR. When the second rescuer returns, they give breaths. Switch roles every five cycles or two minutes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Initial Responding Steps

Ensure the scene is safe for both rescuer and victim.
Check responsiveness by tapping the child’s shoulder or infant’s foot and asking, “Are you OK?”
If unresponsive, shout for help and activate emergency response system via mobile device.

Checking Breathing

Observe the victim's chest for rise and fall for no more than 10 seconds.
If breathing normally, monitor until help arrives. If not breathing or gasping, suspect respiratory or cardiac arrest.

Pulse Check Locations

Infants: Brachial pulse located inside the upper arm.
Children: Femoral or carotid pulse is checked.

Initiating CPR

Start CPR if no pulse is felt within 10 seconds, beginning with chest compressions.

Locating Brachial Pulse in Infants

Place fingers on the upper arm, midway between the elbow and shoulder for 5 to 10 seconds.

Locating Femoral Pulse in Children

Position fingers in the inner thigh, midway between hip and pubic bone, and check pulse for 5 to 10 seconds before starting CPR if no pulse is felt.

Monitoring Victim Conditions

If breathing and a pulse are present, continue monitoring.
If pulse present but not breathing, provide rescue breaths and check pulse every 2 minutes.

Actions During Cardiac Arrest

If no pulse or only gasping, activate emergency response.
For sudden, witnessed arrest, leave to activate emergency response after starting CPR for 2 minutes if alone.
Always use an AED as soon as it's available.

Compression Techniques

Infants: Utilize 2-finger chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.
Children: Use one or two hands based on the child's size to achieve appropriate depth.

Signs of Poor Perfusion

Cool extremities, altered mental state, weak pulses, and changes in skin color (paleness, mottling, cyanosis).

Compression Guidelines

Universal compression rate for all cardiac arrest victims is 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
Compression to ventilation ratio is 30:2 for single rescuers and 15:2 for double rescuers.

Two-Finger Compression Technique for Infants (1 Rescuer)

Position the infant on a firm surface, compress below the nipple line at a rate of 100 to 120/min, and ensure complete chest recoil.

Importance of Chest Recoil

Complete chest recoil allows adequate blood flow into the heart; inadequate recoil reduces blood flow and effectiveness of CPR.

Two-Thumb Encircling Technique for Infants (2 Rescuers)

Place both thumbs side by side on the chest, using thumbs for compressions while fingers support the back.
Maintain compression rate of 100 to 120/min and switch roles every 5 cycles or 2 minutes to prevent fatigue.

Depth of Chest Compressions

Adults: At least 2 inches (5 cm).
Children: At least one-third the AP diameter of the chest (about 2 inches or 5 cm).
Infants: At least one-third the chest diameter (about 1 1/2 inches or 4 cm).

High-Quality CPR for Children and Infants (2 Rescuers)

First rescuer starts chest compressions. For infants, use two-finger technique; for children, one or two hands as needed.
Switch compressors every 5 cycles or 2 minutes to maintain CPR quality.

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Test your knowledge of CPR procedures for unresponsive infants and children with these flashcards. This quiz will cover essential steps a rescuer should perform upon arrival at the scene. Review the process thoroughly to ensure you're prepared in an emergency.