Questions and Answers
What steps should the first rescuer who arrives at the side of an unresponsive infant or child perform?
1.) Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim. 2.) Check for responsiveness. Tap the child's shoulder or the heel of the infant's foot and shout, 'Are you OK?' 3.) If the victim is not responsive, shout for nearby help. Activate the emergency response system via mobile device (if possible).
How do you check if a victim is breathing? Based on the results, what should you do next?
To check for breathing, scan the victim's chest for rise and fall for no more than 10 seconds. If the victim is breathing, monitor the victim until additional help arrives. If the victim is not breathing or is only gasping, the victim has respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Where does one feel for a pulse on an infant? What about a child?
Infant: Palpate a brachial pulse. Child: Palpate a femoral or carotid pulse.
In a child or infant, when should one start high-quality CPR?
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What are the steps to locating the brachial artery pulse on an infant?
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What are the steps to finding the femoral artery pulse on a child?
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What should one do if the victim is breathing normally and a pulse is present?
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What should one do if the victim is not breathing normally but a pulse is present?
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What should one do if the victim is not breathing or is only gasping and has no pulse?
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What are the compression techniques for infants and children?
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What are signs of poor perfusion?
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What is the universal rate for compressions in all cardiac arrest victims?
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What is the compression to ventilation ratio for single rescuers? What about double rescuers?
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What are the steps for performing the two-finger compression technique on an infant (1 rescuer)?
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Why is complete chest recoil important?
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What are the steps for performing the two thumb-encircling hands technique on an infant (two rescuers)?
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When performing CPR on infants, why is the two-thumb encircling technique (2 rescuers) more preferred over the two-finger technique (1 rescuer)?
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How deep should one compress when performing CPR on an adult, child, and infant?
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What are the steps for performing high-quality CPR on a child or infant with two rescuers?
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Study Notes
Initial Responding Steps
- Ensure the scene is safe for both rescuer and victim.
- Check responsiveness by tapping the child’s shoulder or infant’s foot and asking, “Are you OK?”
- If unresponsive, shout for help and activate emergency response system via mobile device.
Checking Breathing
- Observe the victim's chest for rise and fall for no more than 10 seconds.
- If breathing normally, monitor until help arrives. If not breathing or gasping, suspect respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Pulse Check Locations
- Infants: Brachial pulse located inside the upper arm.
- Children: Femoral or carotid pulse is checked.
Initiating CPR
- Start CPR if no pulse is felt within 10 seconds, beginning with chest compressions.
Locating Brachial Pulse in Infants
- Place fingers on the upper arm, midway between the elbow and shoulder for 5 to 10 seconds.
Locating Femoral Pulse in Children
- Position fingers in the inner thigh, midway between hip and pubic bone, and check pulse for 5 to 10 seconds before starting CPR if no pulse is felt.
Monitoring Victim Conditions
- If breathing and a pulse are present, continue monitoring.
- If pulse present but not breathing, provide rescue breaths and check pulse every 2 minutes.
Actions During Cardiac Arrest
- If no pulse or only gasping, activate emergency response.
- For sudden, witnessed arrest, leave to activate emergency response after starting CPR for 2 minutes if alone.
- Always use an AED as soon as it's available.
Compression Techniques
- Infants: Utilize 2-finger chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.
- Children: Use one or two hands based on the child's size to achieve appropriate depth.
Signs of Poor Perfusion
- Cool extremities, altered mental state, weak pulses, and changes in skin color (paleness, mottling, cyanosis).
Compression Guidelines
- Universal compression rate for all cardiac arrest victims is 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
- Compression to ventilation ratio is 30:2 for single rescuers and 15:2 for double rescuers.
Two-Finger Compression Technique for Infants (1 Rescuer)
- Position the infant on a firm surface, compress below the nipple line at a rate of 100 to 120/min, and ensure complete chest recoil.
Importance of Chest Recoil
- Complete chest recoil allows adequate blood flow into the heart; inadequate recoil reduces blood flow and effectiveness of CPR.
Two-Thumb Encircling Technique for Infants (2 Rescuers)
- Place both thumbs side by side on the chest, using thumbs for compressions while fingers support the back.
- Maintain compression rate of 100 to 120/min and switch roles every 5 cycles or 2 minutes to prevent fatigue.
Depth of Chest Compressions
- Adults: At least 2 inches (5 cm).
- Children: At least one-third the AP diameter of the chest (about 2 inches or 5 cm).
- Infants: At least one-third the chest diameter (about 1 1/2 inches or 4 cm).
High-Quality CPR for Children and Infants (2 Rescuers)
- First rescuer starts chest compressions. For infants, use two-finger technique; for children, one or two hands as needed.
- Switch compressors every 5 cycles or 2 minutes to maintain CPR quality.
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Test your knowledge of CPR procedures for unresponsive infants and children with these flashcards. This quiz will cover essential steps a rescuer should perform upon arrival at the scene. Review the process thoroughly to ensure you're prepared in an emergency.