Electrolyte Replacement Therapy and Potassium Compensation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary treatment for potassium depletion in elderly patients?

  • Large doses of diuretics
  • Intravenous calcium chloride 10%
  • Oral potassium supplements (correct)
  • Furosemide or thiazides

    • Which diuretic is recommended for prevention of hypokalaemia?

  • Potassium-sparing diuretics (correct)
  • High-dose loop diuretics
  • Thiazides
  • Furosemide

    • What is the recommended oral potassium supplement for patients taking a normal diet?

  • Single large dose of potassium chloride
  • Potassium gluconate
  • Divided doses of potassium chloride (correct)
  • Potassium citrate

    • How should potassium supplements be used in patients with renal insufficiency?

    <p>At a lower dose to reduce the risk of hyperkalaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate treatment for hyperkalemia?

    <p>Intravenous calcium chloride 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease for treating hyperkalemia?

    <p>Salbutamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method of administration for injections containing more than 10% glucose in children?

    <p>Central venous line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of oral rehydration salts (ORS)?

    <p>To treat fluid and electrolyte loss in diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of Dioralyte Relief for adults after each loose motion?

    <p>200-400 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should reconstituted powder of oral rehydration salts be stored if not used immediately?

    <p>Discard within an hour unless stored in a refrigerator for up to 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the administration of calcium supplements particularly necessary?

    <p>In childhood, pregnancy, lactation, and old age due to impaired absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial treatment recommended for severe acute hypocalcaemia or hypocalcaemic tetany?

    <p>Continuous infusion of calcium gluconate injection 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main caution advised when administering concentrated solutions?

    <p>Ensuring adequate hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition increases the risk of hypervolaemia when plasma and plasma substitutes are used?

    <p>Severe burns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should Geloplasma be avoided?

    <p>At the end of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with Gelatin used in plasma substitutes?

    <p>Chills and tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolytes are present in Ringer's solution per litre?

    <p>K+ 4, Na+ 147, Cl– 156</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sodium lactate intravenous infusion?

    <p>Treatment of electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is prescribed for potassium depletion by mouth?

    <p>Sando-K tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended daily intake of sodium chloride tablets in severe cases of sodium chloride deficiency?

    <p>20 tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires monitoring of the right atrial venous pressure in elderly or seriously ill patients?

    <p>Toxaemia of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial dosage of sodium chloride 0.9% in diabetic ketoacidosis when the systolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg?

    <p>500ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main side effect of Slow Sodium medication?

    <p>Hypervolaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of glucose for treating hypoglycemia in adults?

    <p>15-20g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended intravenous infusion dosage of glucose for adults?

    <p>15-20g over 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk associated with prolonged administration of glucose solutions without electrolytes?

    <p>Hyponatraemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formulation of the medication used for combined water and sodium depletion in adults?

    <p>Sodium chloride and glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with restricted intake in impaired renal function?

    <p>Chronic renal salt wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of glucose for treating hypoglycemia in children aged 5-11 years?

    <p>10g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of intestinal ion-exchange resins?

    <p>To remove excess potassium in mild hyperkalaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oral rehydration solutions?

    <p>To replace the electrolyte deficit adequately and safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of sodium bicarbonate?

    <p>To alkalize urine and relieve discomfort in mild urinary-tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of compound sodium lactate (Hartmann's solution)?

    <p>To be used instead of isotonic sodium chloride solution during or after surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of albumin solution?

    <p>To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucose solutions?

    <p>To replace water deficits and correct hypoglycaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intravenous sodium chloride?

    <p>To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of concentrated albumin solution (20%)?

    <p>To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contraindication for sodium bicarbonate?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contraindication for Nephrotranes?

    <p>Hypersensitivity or allergy to peanuts or soya</p> Signup and view all the answers

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