Electrolyte Replacement Therapy and Potassium Compensation

What is the primary treatment for potassium depletion in elderly patients?

Large doses of diuretics
Intravenous calcium chloride 10%
Oral potassium supplements (correct)
Furosemide or thiazides

Which diuretic is recommended for prevention of hypokalaemia?

Potassium-sparing diuretics (correct)
High-dose loop diuretics
Thiazides
Furosemide

What is the recommended oral potassium supplement for patients taking a normal diet?

Single large dose of potassium chloride
Potassium gluconate
Divided doses of potassium chloride (correct)
Potassium citrate

How should potassium supplements be used in patients with renal insufficiency?

At a lower dose to reduce the risk of hyperkalaemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate treatment for hyperkalemia?

Intravenous calcium chloride 10% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease for treating hyperkalemia?

Salbutamol (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method of administration for injections containing more than 10% glucose in children?

Central venous line (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of oral rehydration salts (ORS)?

To treat fluid and electrolyte loss in diarrhea (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of Dioralyte Relief for adults after each loose motion?

200-400 mL (D) Signup and view all the answers

How should reconstituted powder of oral rehydration salts be stored if not used immediately?

Discard within an hour unless stored in a refrigerator for up to 24 hours (D) Signup and view all the answers

When is the administration of calcium supplements particularly necessary?

In childhood, pregnancy, lactation, and old age due to impaired absorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial treatment recommended for severe acute hypocalcaemia or hypocalcaemic tetany?

Continuous infusion of calcium gluconate injection 10% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main caution advised when administering concentrated solutions?

Ensuring adequate hydration (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition increases the risk of hypervolaemia when plasma and plasma substitutes are used?

Severe burns (B) Signup and view all the answers

When should Geloplasma be avoided?

At the end of pregnancy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with Gelatin used in plasma substitutes?

Chills and tachycardia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolytes are present in Ringer's solution per litre?

K+ 4, Na+ 147, Cl– 156 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of sodium lactate intravenous infusion?

Treatment of electrolyte imbalance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is prescribed for potassium depletion by mouth?

Sando-K tablet (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended daily intake of sodium chloride tablets in severe cases of sodium chloride deficiency?

20 tablets (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires monitoring of the right atrial venous pressure in elderly or seriously ill patients?

Toxaemia of pregnancy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial dosage of sodium chloride 0.9% in diabetic ketoacidosis when the systolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg?

500ml (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main side effect of Slow Sodium medication?

Hypervolaemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of glucose for treating hypoglycemia in adults?

15-20g (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended intravenous infusion dosage of glucose for adults?

15-20g over 15 minutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with prolonged administration of glucose solutions without electrolytes?

Hyponatraemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formulation of the medication used for combined water and sodium depletion in adults?

Sodium chloride and glucose (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with restricted intake in impaired renal function?

Chronic renal salt wasting (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of glucose for treating hypoglycemia in children aged 5-11 years?

10g (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of intestinal ion-exchange resins?

To remove excess potassium in mild hyperkalaemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oral rehydration solutions?

To replace the electrolyte deficit adequately and safely (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of sodium bicarbonate?

To alkalize urine and relieve discomfort in mild urinary-tract infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of compound sodium lactate (Hartmann's solution)?

To be used instead of isotonic sodium chloride solution during or after surgery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of albumin solution?

To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucose solutions?

To replace water deficits and correct hypoglycaemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of intravenous sodium chloride?

To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of concentrated albumin solution (20%)?

To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contraindication for sodium bicarbonate?

Hypokalemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary contraindication for Nephrotranes?

Hypersensitivity or allergy to peanuts or soya (D) Signup and view all the answers