39 Questions
What is the primary treatment for potassium depletion in elderly patients?
Oral potassium supplements
Which diuretic is recommended for prevention of hypokalaemia?
Potassium-sparing diuretics
What is the recommended oral potassium supplement for patients taking a normal diet?
Divided doses of potassium chloride
How should potassium supplements be used in patients with renal insufficiency?
At a lower dose to reduce the risk of hyperkalaemia
What is the immediate treatment for hyperkalemia?
Intravenous calcium chloride 10%
Which medication should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease for treating hyperkalemia?
Salbutamol
What is the recommended method of administration for injections containing more than 10% glucose in children?
Central venous line
What is the main purpose of oral rehydration salts (ORS)?
To treat fluid and electrolyte loss in diarrhea
What is the recommended dosage of Dioralyte Relief for adults after each loose motion?
200-400 mL
How should reconstituted powder of oral rehydration salts be stored if not used immediately?
Discard within an hour unless stored in a refrigerator for up to 24 hours
When is the administration of calcium supplements particularly necessary?
In childhood, pregnancy, lactation, and old age due to impaired absorption
What is the initial treatment recommended for severe acute hypocalcaemia or hypocalcaemic tetany?
Continuous infusion of calcium gluconate injection 10%
What is the main caution advised when administering concentrated solutions?
Ensuring adequate hydration
Which condition increases the risk of hypervolaemia when plasma and plasma substitutes are used?
Severe burns
When should Geloplasma be avoided?
At the end of pregnancy
What is a common side effect associated with Gelatin used in plasma substitutes?
Chills and tachycardia
Which electrolytes are present in Ringer's solution per litre?
K+ 4, Na+ 147, Cl– 156
What is the primary purpose of sodium lactate intravenous infusion?
Treatment of electrolyte imbalance
Which medication is prescribed for potassium depletion by mouth?
Sando-K tablet
What is the maximum recommended daily intake of sodium chloride tablets in severe cases of sodium chloride deficiency?
20 tablets
Which condition requires monitoring of the right atrial venous pressure in elderly or seriously ill patients?
Toxaemia of pregnancy
What is the recommended initial dosage of sodium chloride 0.9% in diabetic ketoacidosis when the systolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg?
500ml
What is the main side effect of Slow Sodium medication?
Hypervolaemia
What is the recommended dosage of glucose for treating hypoglycemia in adults?
15-20g
What is the recommended intravenous infusion dosage of glucose for adults?
15-20g over 15 minutes
What is the main risk associated with prolonged administration of glucose solutions without electrolytes?
Hyponatraemia
What is the formulation of the medication used for combined water and sodium depletion in adults?
Sodium chloride and glucose
Which condition is associated with restricted intake in impaired renal function?
Chronic renal salt wasting
What is the recommended dosage of glucose for treating hypoglycemia in children aged 5-11 years?
10g
What is the primary use of intestinal ion-exchange resins?
To remove excess potassium in mild hyperkalaemia
What is the role of oral rehydration solutions?
To replace the electrolyte deficit adequately and safely
What is the primary use of sodium bicarbonate?
To alkalize urine and relieve discomfort in mild urinary-tract infections
What is the role of compound sodium lactate (Hartmann's solution)?
To be used instead of isotonic sodium chloride solution during or after surgery
What is the role of albumin solution?
To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions
What is the role of glucose solutions?
To replace water deficits and correct hypoglycaemia
What is the role of intravenous sodium chloride?
To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions
What is the role of concentrated albumin solution (20%)?
To treat low blood volume in patients with various conditions
What is the primary contraindication for sodium bicarbonate?
Hypokalemia
What is the primary contraindication for Nephrotranes?
Hypersensitivity or allergy to peanuts or soya
Learn about the crucial aspects of managing fluid and electrolyte imbalances through electrolyte replacement therapy, with a focus on compensating for potassium deficiencies. Understand the effects of potassium depletion and the importance of oral potassium compensation, especially in the elderly.
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