Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which characteristics may a sleep-deprived person experience?
Select all that apply.
Which characteristics may a sleep-deprived person experience? Select all that apply.
Match the central nervous system structure to its role in sleep.
Match the central nervous system structure to its role in sleep.
Relays sensory information = Thalamus Secretes melatonin = Pineal gland Secretes hypocretins = Hypothalamus Processes emotions = Amygdala
Match the hormone to its role in the onset and duration of sleep.
Match the hormone to its role in the onset and duration of sleep.
Helps maintain homeostasis = Cortisol Released in response to light = Melatonin Decreases rapid eye movement (REM) sleep when released in high levels = Norepinephrine Increases alertness when released in response to stress = Adrenaline
Which physiologic changes occur during sleep?
Select all that apply.
Which physiologic changes occur during sleep? Select all that apply.
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During which sleep stage can sleepwalking occur?
During which sleep stage can sleepwalking occur?
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Which functions of the human body are impacted by the circadian rhythm?
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Which functions of the human body are impacted by the circadian rhythm? Select all that apply.
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Recurring patterns of sleep last approximately how many minutes? Record your answer as a whole number. __ minutes.
Recurring patterns of sleep last approximately how many minutes? Record your answer as a whole number. __ minutes.
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Which individual would require the least amount of sleep?
Which individual would require the least amount of sleep?
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Which symptoms caused by low estrogen levels may interfere with a woman’s sleep?
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Which symptoms caused by low estrogen levels may interfere with a woman’s sleep? Select all that apply.
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Which foods or drinks are examples of nervous system stimulants that disrupt the sleep cycle?
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Which foods or drinks are examples of nervous system stimulants that disrupt the sleep cycle? Select all that apply.
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Which effects on sleep can be attributed to alcohol use?
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Which effects on sleep can be attributed to alcohol use? Select all that apply.
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A female patient with tremors and circadian rhythm disorder complains that she is having difficulty sleeping and is often awakened. She frequently works nights during shift rotation. Which questions by the nurse are appropriate?
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A female patient with tremors and circadian rhythm disorder complains that she is having difficulty sleeping and is often awakened. She frequently works nights during shift rotation. Which questions by the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply.
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A patient with a fluctuating heart rate is in which stage of sleep?
A patient with a fluctuating heart rate is in which stage of sleep?
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A patient displaying small muscle jerks is in which stage of sleep?
A patient displaying small muscle jerks is in which stage of sleep?
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Which patient is most likely in the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage?
Which patient is most likely in the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage?
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A nurse is teaching a patient about the effects of medication on sleep. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A nurse is teaching a patient about the effects of medication on sleep. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
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Which nighttime snack is appropriate for a patient with a history of insomnia?
Which nighttime snack is appropriate for a patient with a history of insomnia?
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Which patients would most likely suffer from sleep disturbances?
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Which patients would most likely suffer from sleep disturbances? Select all that apply.
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Which structures of the central nervous system are affected by a light or dark environment?
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Which structures of the central nervous system are affected by a light or dark environment? Select all that apply.
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Sleep deprivation can lead to an increased risk for which diseases?
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Sleep deprivation can lead to an increased risk for which diseases? Select all that apply.
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Which cues support the nursing hypothesis Impaired Sleep (quality) related to lifestyle factors and sleep apnea?
Which cues support the nursing hypothesis Impaired Sleep (quality) related to lifestyle factors and sleep apnea?
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Which patient assessment cues support a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Sleep (quantity)?
Which patient assessment cues support a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Sleep (quantity)?
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Which hypothesis would the nurse select for a patient whose sleep is not progressing properly through sleep cycles?
Which hypothesis would the nurse select for a patient whose sleep is not progressing properly through sleep cycles?
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Which outcome is appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Sleep (quality)?
Which outcome is appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Sleep (quality)?
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Which outcome is appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Fatigue?
Which outcome is appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Fatigue?
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Which solutions would be appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Sleep (quantity)?
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Which solutions would be appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Sleep (quantity)? Select all that apply.
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A patient has been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is experiencing daytime sleepiness and excessive snoring. Which nursing hypotheses are appropriate for this patient?
Select all that apply.
A patient has been diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is experiencing daytime sleepiness and excessive snoring. Which nursing hypotheses are appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply.
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Which outcome is most appropriate for a patient who snores during sleep and reports feeling very tired after awakening?
Which outcome is most appropriate for a patient who snores during sleep and reports feeling very tired after awakening?
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Which example is an appropriate long-term goal for the nurse to include in a plan of care for a patient who is suffering from insomnia related to psychological job stress?
Which example is an appropriate long-term goal for the nurse to include in a plan of care for a patient who is suffering from insomnia related to psychological job stress?
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A hospitalized patient reports disturbed sleep caused by the nurse monitoring vital signs at regular intervals in the night. Which outcome is appropriate for this patient with the nursing hypothesis Impaired Sleep (quality)?
A hospitalized patient reports disturbed sleep caused by the nurse monitoring vital signs at regular intervals in the night. Which outcome is appropriate for this patient with the nursing hypothesis Impaired Sleep (quality)?
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A patient admitted to the hospital with a concussion after falling while sleepwalking is currently alert and oriented. Which outcomes are appropriate when planning care for this patient?
Select all that apply.
A patient admitted to the hospital with a concussion after falling while sleepwalking is currently alert and oriented. Which outcomes are appropriate when planning care for this patient? Select all that apply.
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Which outcome would the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who frequently sleepwalks?
Which outcome would the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who frequently sleepwalks?
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Which outcome is appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care for an older patient who feels sleepy during the day despite getting enough sleep at night?
Which outcome is appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care for an older patient who feels sleepy during the day despite getting enough sleep at night?
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Which solutions would be appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Fatigue?
Select all that apply.
Which solutions would be appropriate for a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Fatigue? Select all that apply.
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Study Notes
Sleep Deprivation Characteristics
- Irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Slowed reaction time
- Mood swings
- Increased errors
- Impaired memory
- Increased risk of accidents
Central Nervous System Structures and Sleep Roles
- Hypothalamus: Regulates the sleep-wake cycle
- Pons: Involved in REM sleep
- Thalamus: Relays sensory information to the brain
Hormones and Sleep
- Melatonin: Promotes sleep onset
- Cortisol: Promotes wakefulness
Physiologic Changes During Sleep
- Decreased heart rate
- Decreased breathing rate
- Decreased body temperature
- Decreased muscle activity
Sleepwalking
- Occurs during Stage 3 (deep sleep)
Circadian Rhythm Functions
- Body temperature regulation
- Hormone production
- Sleep-wake cycle
Sleep Cycle Duration
- 90-110 minutes
Sleep Requirements - Least Sleep
- Newborns
Low Estrogen Levels and Sleep
- Hot flashes
- Night sweats
- Vaginal dryness
Nervous System Stimulants
- Caffeine
- Nicotine
- Alcohol (in large amounts)
Alcohol Effects on Sleep
- Reduced REM sleep
- Sleep fragmentation
- Early awakening
Nurse's Questions for Patient with Tremors and Sleep Issues
- "What medications are you taking?"
- "How many hours of sleep do you get each night?"
- "Do you have any other symptoms besides tremors?"
- "Do you have any history of mental health conditions?"
Sleep Stages and Characteristics
- Stage 1: Light sleep, gradual decrease in heart rate, breathing, and muscle activity
- Stage 2: Slightly deeper sleep, further decrease in heart rate, breathing, and muscle activity, sleep spindles appear
- Stage 3: Deep sleep, slow-wave sleep, delta wave activity, decreased heart rate, breathing, and muscle activity
- REM sleep: Rapid eye movement, dreaming, increased brain activity, irregular breathing, muscle paralysis
Medication Effects and Sleep
- Statement needing further teaching: “I can take my pain medication before bed because it will help me sleep.”
Nighttime Snacks for Insomnia
- Milk
Individuals with Sleep Disturbances
- Patients with chronic pain
- Patients with anxiety
- Patients experiencing grief
- Patients experiencing stress
Structures Affected by Light/Dark
- Retina
- Hypothalamus
Health Risks of Sleep Deprivation
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Weakened immune system
Impaired Sleep (Quality) - Lifestyle Factors and Sleep Apnea
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Snoring
- Apnea
- Gasping for air during sleep
- Morning headaches
- Difficulty concentrating
Impaired Sleep (Quantity) - Assessment Cues
- Reports sleeping less than 6 hours per night
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Awakening frequently during the night
- Early morning awakening
Sleep Cycle Disruption Hypothesis
- Impaired Sleep (pattern)
Outcome for Impaired Sleep (Quality)
- Patient reports improved sleep quality
Outcome for Fatigue
- Patient’s energy level improves
Solutions for Impaired Sleep (Quantity)
- Establish a regular sleep schedule
- Create a relaxing bedtime routine
- Sleep in a dark, quiet, and cool environment
- Limit caffeine and alcohol intake before bed
- Avoid large meals before bed
- Get regular exercise
Nursing Hypotheses for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Impaired Sleep (quality)
- Ineffective Breathing Pattern
- Risk for Aspiration
- Fatigue
- Risk for Injury
Outcome for Patient with Snoring and Fatigue
- Patient reports improved sleep quality
Long-Term Goal for Patient with Insomnia and Job Stress
- Patient will develop and implement stress-reduction techniques to improve sleep quality
Outcome for Patient with Sleep Disturbances from Nurse Monitoring
- Patient reports improved sleep quality
Outcomes for Patient with Sleepwalking and Concussion
- Patient will sleep safely in a safe environment, free from injury
- Patient’s neurological status will improve
- Patient’s cognitive function will remain stable
Outcome for Patient Who Sleepwalks
- Patient will sleep safely in a risk-free environment
Outcome for Older Patient with Daytime Sleepiness
- Patient will report improved sleep quality and reduced daytime sleepiness
Solutions for Fatigue
- Encourage regular exercise
- Promote relaxation techniques
- Provide adequate nutrition
- Address any underlying medical conditions
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Description
This quiz explores the various characteristics and symptoms that individuals may experience when they are sleep-deprived. Assess your understanding of how lack of sleep affects cognitive functions, mood, and overall health.
