Effects of Different Compounds on Thyroid Function

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Why are antithyroid drugs like methimazole or propylthiouracil not useful for treating thyroid eye disease (TED)?

They have adverse effects on the orbital muscles.

They do not effectively target the autoimmune inflammation of the eye. (correct)

They lack the ability to suppress thyroid hormone synthesis.

They interact negatively with guanethidine in the eye drops.

Why are β-blockers not useful in treating thyroid eye disease (TED)?

They interfere with the autoimmune response.

Orbital muscles lack adrenergic receptors. (correct)

They worsen inflammation in the eye.

They have harmful side effects on the eye structure.

Why is teprotumumab specifically used for treating thyroid eye disease (TED)?

It directly increases thyroid hormone levels in the eye.

It inhibits the IGF-1 receptor complexes involved in TED inflammation. (correct)

It enhances the function of TSH receptors in orbital muscles.

It destroys the autoimmune antibodies found in patients with Graves' disease.

Why is levothyroxine (Synthetic T4) preferred over liothyronine (Synthetic T3) for most cases of hypothyroidism?

It has a longer duration of action. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of chronic overdose of synthetic thyroid hormones like levothyroxine or liothyronine?

Precipitation of angina and cardiac arrhythmias. Signup and view all the answers

Why are glucocorticoids like prednisolone or hydrocortisone used in treating thyroid eye disease (TED)?

They suppress underlying autoimmune inflammation and swelling in the eye. Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is the preferred choice for regular Graves' disease treatment due to its longer half-life and safer profile?

Methimazole Signup and view all the answers

Why may it take several weeks to see a full clinical response to methimazole or propylthiouracil?

Long half-life of T4 and large hormone stores maintained by the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is relatively rare but reversible with methimazole and propylthiouracil therapy?

Neutropenia & agranulocytosis Signup and view all the answers

In pregnant hyperthyroid patients, why is propylthiouracil indicated for the first trimester?

Methimazole causes fetal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What effect do beta-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity have on thyroid function?

They do not affect thyroid function per se Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects is NOT commonly associated with methimazole and propylthiouracil therapy?

Liver failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with severe hypothyroidism (myxedema)?

High metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Temporary increase in thyroid hormone release Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments for hyperthyroidism does NOT involve the use of iodine?

Thyroidectomy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments for hyperthyroidism causes a temporary reduction in the release of thyroid hormones?

Iodine (I2) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of radiation emitted by radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Alpha particles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Hypothyroidism requiring replacement therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which class III antiarrhythmic drug can lead to hyperthyroidism in people with mild to moderate iodine deficiency?

Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

Which deiodinase is responsible for the metabolic inactivation of T3 and is most abundant in the CNS and placenta?

Dio3 Signup and view all the answers

Which deiodinase is affected by T4 to T3 levels and is an ER membrane protein?

Dio2 Signup and view all the answers

Which drug decreases thyroid hormone secretion and can cause hypothyroidism but does not contain iodine?

Dronedarone Signup and view all the answers

Which deiodinase is a plasma membrane protein, upregulated in hyperthyroidism, and downregulated in hypothyroidism?

Dio1 Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is not a deiodinase found in humans?

Dio4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of the injected subcutaneous route?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following insulins has the longest duration of action?

Insulin glargine U-300 (Toujeo) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following insulin types is NOT recommended for mealtime insulin?

Insulin glargine U-100 (Lantus) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is a contraindication for exenatide and lixisenatide?

Severe renal impairment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is NOT a black box warning for injectable agents?

Hypoglycemia risk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following insulins has the shortest duration of action?

Technosphere inhaled insulin (Afrezza) Signup and view all the answers