CONTRACEPTION

The testes are the main source of testosterone, a hormone responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics (such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass) and sexual desire. Removal of the testes leads to a sharp decline in testosterone levels. A significant decrease in testosterone may cause loss of muscle mass, increased body fat, reduced body hair. Lower testosterone typically results in reduced libido and may also lead to erectile dysfunction.

The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle, maintain bone health, and contribute to female secondary sexual characteristics (such as breast development, fat distribution, and skin texture). Removal of the ovaries causes a sudden drop in these hormones.

The decline in estrogen can lead to symptoms like vaginal dryness, loss of breast tissue, and potential bone loss

Lower levels of estrogen can result in reduced libido, though this varies between individuals. Vaginal dryness may also cause discomfort during intercourse, further impacting sexual desire.

no side effects, no costs, acceptable to certain religious groups

<p>effective, long lasting, easily reversed, once in place can be forgotten, may be effective as emergency contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mus tbe inserted by doctor</p> <p>in some women cause pain and bleeding at menstruation</p> <p>no protection against STIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>difficult to insert</p> <p>correct size must be prescribed by doctor</p> <p>spermicide must be used to improve reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oestrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>verry effective, convenient, periods cease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>injection cant be reversed</p> <p>delay in return to fertility when injections cease</p> <p>possible side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>must be taken same time each day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>regular dr prescription needed, pill must be taken daily, possible side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>needs to be used within 72 hours of sex to be effective</p> <p>no protection against STIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>catholic church, christians: only acceptable method of family planning is abstinence from intercourse at times when fertilisation is most likely to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hormone implant: last 3-5 years, once inserted, we do not need to worry about it. However, hormone pills must be taken daily, and if taken irregularly, it can affect the effectiveness. People with busier lifestyles should opt for hormone implants.</p> <p>furthermore, hormone implants secrete low doses of progestin over time compared to the higher doses of progestin released by hormone pills, which may lead to more side effects such as nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a small cut is made on each side of the scrotum</p> <p>small segment is removed from each vas deferans</p> <p>cut ends are tied or sealed with heat</p> <p>cuts in scrotum are then closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hard to have sex according to calendar, affects spontaneity</p> <p>time and effort required to determine ovulation</p> <p>not very reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>benefits: STI protection available without prescription affordable</p> <p>limitations: if stored in warm temperatures for too long, rubber can degrade and tear during sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>benefit: easy to use available over the counter no hormones or systemic effects</p> <p>limitations: must be applied before intercourse each time less effective when used alone (should be used with other methods such as condoms)</p> <p>risk: increases risk of UTI or vaginal infections with frequent use</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>benefits: permanent no ongoing maintenance once prodedure complete nearly 100% effective</p> <p>limitations: irreversible (require careful consideration) surgical procedure required</p> <p>risks: vasectomy has small risk of chronic testicular pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>benefits: very reliable regular periods reduced incidence of ovarian or cervical cancer unrelated to sexual activity</p> <p>limitations; require Dr. prescription must be taken daily</p> <p>risks: blood clots especially in smokers possible side effects: nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>benefits: no hormones or chemicals involved low cost can be used to plan/prevent pregnancy</p> <p>limitations: requires consistent and accurate tracking less effective if cycles are irregular requires education and discipline can affect spntaneity sexual desire and calendar tracking may not align</p> <p>risks: higher failure rate compared to other methods</p> Signup and view all the answers