EEG Electrode Placement & Hyperventilation
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Questions and Answers

What is a recommended alternative for reducing the risk of iatrogenic infections?

  • Standard cup electrodes
  • Implementing regular handwashing protocols
  • Using traditional needle electrodes
  • Disposable electrodes (correct)
  • Why are needle electrodes not recommended for routine clinical use?

  • They increase patient comfort significantly
  • They exhibit lower impedance compared to cup electrodes
  • They potentially increase noise levels due to higher impedance (correct)
  • They have more adaptable sizes for different patients
  • Which infectious diseases are mentioned as relevant for transmission-based precautions?

  • Influenza and common cold
  • West Nile virus and Zika virus
  • Viral hepatitis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (correct)
  • Tuberculosis and pneumonia
  • What is a disadvantage of using needle electrodes compared to other types?

    <p>They pose risks of injuries to personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be indicated if noise is demonstrated during an electroencephalography (EEG) recording?

    <p>The electrodes need to be changed or modified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use for subdermal needle electrodes (SNE)?

    <p>For prolonged EEG recordings in stuporous or comatose patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the impedances when using subdermal needle electrodes?

    <p>Impedances are usually well-matched and stable over long periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is officially recommended by the IFCN for EEG montages?

    <p>The 10-20 System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to permit flexibility in montages for EEG interpretation?

    <p>Initial recordings made from a referential montage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized regarding the uniformity of montages across laboratories?

    <p>Uniform montages expedite communication and comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum duration for hyperventilation before an EEG can begin?

    <p>3 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of hyperventilation?

    <p>Sickle cell disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a neurophysiologist after an EEG recording is completed?

    <p>To interpret the EEG findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if critical results are discovered during an EEG?

    <p>Notify the interpreting physician and supervisor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should recording continue after hyperventilation has stopped?

    <p>1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is necessary before performing hyperventilation?

    <p>Approval from the patient or legal guardian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done at least 1 minute prior to beginning hyperventilation?

    <p>Obtain baseline EEG recording with the same montage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these environments is suitable for performing hyperventilation?

    <p>Hospital with adequate resuscitation equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about hyperventilation is true?

    <p>It requires consent from the patient or guardian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duration of EEG recording is necessary to evaluate the activation technique effectively?

    <p>At least 1 minute before overbreathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electrode Placement & Type

    • The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) recommends using all 21 electrodes and placements for EEG recordings, as per the 10-20 system, which is the only officially recommended system.
    • Needle electrodes are not recommended for routine clinical use due to patient discomfort, potential injury to personnel, and higher impedances compared to cup electrodes.
    • Subdermal needle electrodes (SNE) or wire electrodes (SWE) can be used for prolonged EEG recordings in stuperous or comatose patients, as they are well-matched and stable over extended periods.

    Hyperventilation and its Use

    • Hyperventilation should be used routinely during EEG recordings, unless medically contraindicated or the patient is unable or unwilling to cooperate.
    • It should be performed for a minimum of 3 minutes, with recordings continuing for at least 1 minute after the cessation of overbreathing.
    • The effects of hyperventilation must be evaluated by obtaining at least 1 minute of recording with the same montage before overbreathing begins.

    EEG Recording and Interpretation

    • Recordings should be carried out only in the presence of a qualified physician, with adequate resuscitation equipment and informed consent.
    • The EEG is typically interpreted by a neurophysiologist after recording completion.
    • Critical results, such as electrographic or clinical seizures during the recording, should be immediately communicated to the interpreting physician and supervisor.

    Activation Procedures: Sleep Deprivation and its Use

    • Sleep deprivation is a common activation procedure used for epilepsy diagnosis.
    • The procedure aims to increase the likelihood of identifying interictal epileptiform discharges.
    • Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of sleep deprivation, particularly when combined with standard EEG recordings, in enhancing diagnostic yield for epilepsy.

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    Description

    Explore essential principles of EEG electrode placement and the use of hyperventilation. Learn about the recommended electrode types and placements according to the 10-20 system by the IFCN. Understand how hyperventilation impacts EEG recordings and its clinical applications.

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