Educational Psychology Quiz & Flashcards on Self-Esteem

Questions and Answers

It is not at all unusual for children to be uninterested in things most girls are interested in at the age of eleven.

True

Juvenile delinquents are least likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Lack of respect for rules and authority figures

An unstable family structure

Respect for the role of education (correct)

Rejection by most of their classmates

As a kindergarten teacher, you would most likely observe which of the following play behaviors?

Boys and girls playing together with trucks and cranes

Boys playing next to each other with trucks and cranes (correct)

Girls experimenting with construction toys

Boys and girls acting out a story, using dolls

Which of the following statements concerning children's play activity in preschool and kindergarten is generally supported by research?

Free play contributes to young children's social, emotional, and cognitive development. Signup and view all the answers

Researchers who study play patterns of preschool and kindergarten children have noted that:

Young children are capable of engaging in many different types of play. Signup and view all the answers

At what grade level do most children first begin to realize that learning and recall are governed by cognitive processes that one can control?

Primary grades Signup and view all the answers

One way to encourage a sense of industry in an elementary school child who consistently fails to complete homework assignments is to:

Provide praise or a small reward when the child does finish assignments on time. Signup and view all the answers

Maria was administered an IQ test in fourth grade. Based on her score of 135, what can we infer?

She will probably do very well as she moves through the school system. Signup and view all the answers

Current research supports which of the following statements?

IQ scores can be affected by systematic instruction. Signup and view all the answers

For the most part, IQ scores are:

Subject to change. Signup and view all the answers

It has been argued that the concept of intelligence encompasses more than the sum of one's tested abilities. Which of the following might suggest an aspect of intelligence not measured by traditional tests?

Moral reasoning at the level of Kohlberg's postconventional stage. Signup and view all the answers

According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which statement is accurate?

There are eight distinct forms of intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

Enriqué, who is in ninth grade, has a high level of logical-mathematical ability but low spatial ability. What advice would Howard Gardner give to his parents?

Many factors, in addition to intelligence, influence individuals' interests and career choice. Signup and view all the answers

Learning styles are thought of as:

A consistent preference for responding to intellectual tasks in a particular way. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best sums up current findings on gender differences and technology?

Boys and girls have equal access, but girls report higher levels of computer anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusions can we draw from research on gender differences and computer use?

Although boys and girls have equal access, more girls experience computer anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

Research concerning a behavior known as loss of voice indicates that:

The incidence of loss of voice did not increase between grades. Signup and view all the answers

Significantly more males than females choose careers in math or science. The most likely reason is that:

Males receive more encouragement for these careers. Signup and view all the answers

Mrs. Leoni designed her preschool program to encourage rule following and polite social behavior. Which concept does her methodology illustrate?

Gender bias Signup and view all the answers

If you decided to design classroom assessments consistent with learning styles research, what would you do?

Use different assessment methods across all tests given. Signup and view all the answers

To avoid disadvantaging students with specific learning styles, teachers should:

Vary their approach to instruction. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement represents the most appropriate application of learning styles research to teaching practices?

Use a variety of instructional methods to help students excel in strong areas. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not likely to be a characteristic that identifies someone as being from a different culture?

The size of a person's frame and skin color. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of cultural pluralism?

All cultures within a society should be maintained and respected. Signup and view all the answers

The concept of cultural pluralism holds that:

All cultures within a society should be respected by all members. Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about the ethnic origins of the U.S. population as the 21st century begins?

The U.S. is becoming more culturally diverse because of increased immigration. Signup and view all the answers

You have a student who is a first-generation immigrant from Thailand. His behavior of not looking at you when you speak is likely due to:

Using different patterns of nonverbal communication. Signup and view all the answers

Students from low-SES homes are more likely than those from upper-SES homes to have difficulty studying because they typically:

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'achievement gap'?

The difference between students of color and middle-SES White students. Signup and view all the answers

Does it make sense for teachers to be concerned about students from one-parent families?

Yes, because they are at greater risk of academic failure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the teacher expectancy effect?

Linda's scores improve because her teacher expects more from her. Signup and view all the answers

Bilingual programs aiming to improve non-English-speaking students' native-language competence are known as __________ programs.

maintenance Signup and view all the answers

Proponents of a transition approach to bilingual education advocate:

Teaching non-English-speaking students in their native language until they can function in English. Signup and view all the answers

Advocates of mastery learning believe this approach:

Can foster perseverance if methods are appropriate. Signup and view all the answers

Within ethnically diverse groups of students, cooperative learning is likely to:

Increase understanding of classmates from different ethnic groups. Signup and view all the answers

Peer tutoring has been shown to improve the achievement of which groups?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following student characteristics is not likely to lead to positive teacher expectancy?

Neutral background information Signup and view all the answers

The primary focus of educational psychology is to understand how

Different factors influence learning in classroom settings. Signup and view all the answers

Teaching children or adolescents is challenging because it requires

Flexible decision making and a working knowledge of the topics being discussed. Signup and view all the answers

Many advancements in teaching and learning are due in large part to

The research of educational psychologists. Signup and view all the answers

Educational psychology research offers strong support for which of the following instructional practices?

All of these answers. Signup and view all the answers

One aspect of making observations and drawing inferences from those observations is that

Unsystematic observations may lead to faulty conclusions. Signup and view all the answers

The grade retention policies of many schools are examples of

Practices that have little scientific merit because they are based on unsystematic observation. Signup and view all the answers

Mr. Fradigio's inquiry about forehead bandages is an example of

The scientific method. Signup and view all the answers

Strengths of the scientific method include all of the following except

The simultaneous manipulation of many variables in order to reveal the complexities of behavior. Signup and view all the answers

To say that teaching is an art means that teaching

Requires flexibility in decision making. Signup and view all the answers

Effective teachers recognize that teaching

Is an art that should nonetheless have a good scientific basis. Signup and view all the answers

Your response to Mateo's confusion about scientific conclusions should emphasize that

Scientists differ in the ways in which they select and interpret data. Signup and view all the answers

A characteristic of scientific research in educational psychology is that it

Has a fairly narrow scope because most studies manipulate one or a few variables at a time. Signup and view all the answers

One mark of good teachers is that they

Are constantly evaluating the worth of their goals and their methods for trying to attain them. Signup and view all the answers

A teacher who views the discipline of teaching as both an art and a science is likely to

Be inspiring and exciting while at the same time aware of current scientific research in the field of teaching. Signup and view all the answers

In your new job, it will be best to

Reflect on your course of action and work on a new plan. Signup and view all the answers

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasizes that

Societal expectations and opportunities can powerfully impact development. Signup and view all the answers

The idea that personality development follows a predictable pattern with identifiable benchmarks best reflects the

Epigenetic principle. Signup and view all the answers

Erikson uses the epigenetic principle to hypothesize that personality development is related to

A series of interrelated stages of development, all of which have a critical period. Signup and view all the answers

Brian's situation is an example of

Role confusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to promote a sense of industry among students?

Create reasonable performance standards and communicate those standards to students. Signup and view all the answers

Erikson's concept of the psychosocial moratorium is most like

Sleeping on a problem or decision. Signup and view all the answers

Eight-year-old Elizabeth is engaging in which process when she categorizes her captured creatures?

Organization. Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, the development of a system of classification of animals and plants illustrates our need to

Organize the elements of our world into some kind of interrelated system. Signup and view all the answers

Organized patterns of actions and thoughts are defined by Piaget as

Schemes. Signup and view all the answers

Stella's behavior in joining an environmental group after learning the truth about wolves reflects

Accommodation. Signup and view all the answers

A four-year-old child who sees an adult dwarf and exclaims 'Look at that little boy!' is engaging in which process?

Assimilation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples best illustrates Piaget's concept of assimilation?

A student who learns that opossums can hang from tree branches by their tail and therefore adds opossums to her scheme of animals with prehensile tails. Signup and view all the answers

As part of ongoing debates about cognitive development, recent reviews concluded that

Good-quality instruction can, at the right time, enhance schema development. Signup and view all the answers

Contrary to Piaget's findings, researchers have concluded that

He probably overestimated the extent to which most adolescents are mature formal operators. Signup and view all the answers

Attempts to validate the universality of Piaget's stages of development have found that

While the sequence of the stages is consistent, rates of development vary. Signup and view all the answers

Why should teachers be on the lookout for students who show signs of severe depression?

Students who are severely depressed are at a higher risk for attempting suicide. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best explanation for why girls, more than boys, experience anxiety over same-sex friendships?

Girls tend to seek intimacy more than boys. Signup and view all the answers

An eighth-grade male who exhibits feelings of confusion, anxiety, depression, and dramatic mood swings is

Demonstrating behavior that occurs in varying degrees of frequency within this age group. Signup and view all the answers

Part of your lesson plan for your seventh-grade class is to have them debate the merits of the argument: Teenagers should have strict limits on time spent on social networking websites. This idea is

Likely to be poorly received because adolescents are more interested in being like one another than standing out. Signup and view all the answers

An eleven-year-old girl who appears to be going through puberty is

Average in terms of female adolescent development. Signup and view all the answers

On the basis of research summarized in the text, which group is most likely to be popular and carefree during adolescence but experience difficulties in adulthood?

Late-maturing females. Signup and view all the answers

The middle school student most likely to have low self-esteem and suffer from depression, yet be popular with members of the opposite sex is the

Early-maturing girl. Signup and view all the answers

The early-maturing male middle school student is likely to draw favorable responses from adults because he

Looks more like an adult. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Educational Psychology Overview

Educational psychology studies how various factors affect learning in classrooms, emphasizing holistic student development.
Effective teaching requires flexibility and an understanding of diverse instructional methods.

Advancements in Education

Progress in teaching practices is largely attributed to research conducted by educational psychologists rather than tradition or external suggestions.

Instructional Practices Supported by Research

Positive reinforcement, teaching self-improvement, and cooperative learning are validated strategies.

Scientific Method in Education

Systematic observation is crucial for formulating reasonable conclusions in educational research.
Many educational practices, like grade retention, lack scientific backing.

Teacher Effectiveness

Good teachers continuously evaluate goals and methods adapted to their students' needs.
The art and science of teaching requires awareness of current research and flexibility in methods.

Psychosocial Development

Erikson's theory highlights the impact of societal expectations on personal development.
Personality development follows identifiable patterns and stages, as per the epigenetic principle.

Cognitive Development (Piaget)

Classification and organization of information reflect cognitive adaptation.
Assimilation involves fitting new information into existing schemas, while accommodation involves altering schemas to incorporate new experiences.

Adolescent Development

Adolescents may experience mood swings and emotional confusion.
Early maturation can lead to different social dynamics and challenges, impacting future adult relationships.

Gender Differences in Development

Girls generally seek intimacy more than boys, affecting their social anxiety and relationship dynamics.
Play behaviors differ between genders; boys often engage in parallel play with toys, while girls may be more collaborative.

Educational Implications

Early and late maturation has varying effects on popularity and self-esteem in adolescence.
Teachers should monitor for signs of severe depression and other mental health issues in students.

Play's Role in Development

Free play has significant social, emotional, and cognitive developmental benefits for young children.
Children demonstrate diverse play patterns reflecting their cognitive capabilities rather than egocentrism.

Key Considerations for Educators

Teachers should recognize developmental stages and cater to individual student needs, adapting practices based on researched evidence.
Classroom management strategies may need reevaluation based on past responses of students, especially at-risk populations.### Education Levels
Preschool and kindergarten cultivate foundational skills and social behaviors.
Primary grades focus on early literacy and numeracy skills.
Elementary grades emphasize a broader curriculum, including science and social studies.
Middle school serves as a transition period with more specialized subjects.

Encouragement and Motivation

Providing praise or rewards can motivate elementary students to complete homework.
Continuous failure to do homework should be addressed positively rather than with public admonishments.

Intelligence Assessment

An IQ score of 135 indicates above-average intelligence and potential for academic success.
Current findings suggest IQ scores can be influenced by systematic instruction, and they are subject to change.

Broader Perspectives on Intelligence

Intelligence extends beyond standard testing, including aspects such as moral reasoning.
Howard Gardner proposes eight distinct intelligences, advocating for a varied approach in education to develop all intelligences.

Learning Styles and Gender Differences

Learning styles are preferences for responding to tasks, which can shape instructional methods.
Research indicates that while boys and girls have similar access to technology, girls often report higher anxiety levels related to computer use.

Cultural Considerations

Cultural pluralism emphasizes respect and maintenance of all cultures within a society.
The United States is becoming increasingly diverse due to immigration and higher birth rates among immigrant communities.

Socioeconomic Status and Academic Performance

Students from low-SES backgrounds face more challenges, often living in crowded conditions with less academic support.
The achievement gap highlights performance discrepancies between students of color and middle-SES White students.

Teacher Expectations and Academic Outcomes

The teacher expectancy effect shows that expectations can significantly influence student performance.
Bilingual education approaches seek to maintain native language skills while transitioning to English proficiency.

Cooperative Learning and Peer Tutoring

Cooperative learning promotes understanding among ethnically diverse groups.
Peer tutoring has proven beneficial across various student demographics, including low-SES and ethnic minority students.

General Academic Strategies

Mastery learning fosters perseverance and aligns strategies with students' needs.
Varied instructional methods can help accommodate different learning styles and maximize student achievement.

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Description

This quiz explores the key concepts of educational psychology, including effective teaching practices, advancements through research, and the scientific method's role in education. Understand how these elements contribute to holistic student development and the effectiveness of teaching methodologies.