Educational Psychology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of educational psychology?

  • The psychological well-being of educators.
  • The process of education and learning. (correct)
  • Understanding the social dynamics of classrooms.
  • Developing standardized testing methods.

What is a direct influence on a teacher's effectiveness?

  • The teacher's socioeconomic background.
  • The teacher's sense of efficacy. (correct)
  • The teacher's technological proficiency.
  • The teacher's years of teaching experience.

What is one of the characteristics associated with teachers with a high sense of efficacy?

  • They work harder and persist longer with students. (correct)
  • They are more likely to experience burnout.
  • They are less likely to be satisfied in their jobs.
  • They tend to avoid challenging students.

Which of the following accurately describes the teaching force in contemporary Canadian classrooms according to the context?

<p>The teaching forces remains very uniform despite student population diversity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of educational settings, what is considered secondary to the core objective of teaching and learning?

<p>Extracurricular activities and events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main element contributes to a teacher becoming effective and confident?

<p>Understanding the processes of development, learning, motivation, teaching and assessment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as one of the few personal characteristics that has an affect on teaching?

<p>A teacher's sense of efficacy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are teachers with a high sense of efficacy likely to respond when faced with students considered 'difficult' to teach?

<p>They will work harder and persist longer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research method is characterized by collecting detailed information about specific situations using methods like observation and interviews?

<p>Descriptive studies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A correlation of +.90 between two variables indicates what kind of relationship?

<p>A strong positive correlation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If there is a negative correlation between class absences and exam scores, what does that imply?

<p>As absences increase, exam scores tend to decrease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of experimental studies?

<p>To investigate cause-and-effect relationships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of randomly assigning participants to different groups in an experimental study aims to...

<p>Ensure that all participants have an equal chance of being in any group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

<p>-0.75 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research method is most suitable when the goal is to understand the relationship between two variables without manipulating them?

<p>Correlational study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive correlation signify in the context of educational psychology?

<p>An increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between quasi-experimental and true experimental studies?

<p>Quasi-experiments lack random assignment of participants to groups, unlike true experiments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of statistical significance, what does a p-value of <.01 indicate?

<p>The result has less than a 1% probability of occurring by chance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of single-subject experimental studies?

<p>To determine the effect of a specific intervention on a single subject. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence of steps best describes an ABAB single-subject experimental design?

<p>Baseline, intervention, baseline, intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a clinical interview from other research methods mentioned?

<p>It employs opened-ended questions and follows up on responses to probe understanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a case study?

<p>To investigate a single person or situation in depth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might educators prefer case studies over test scores for gifted program identification?

<p>Case studies provide richer and more detailed information than test scores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of Anne's teaching approach when working with students from diverse backgrounds?

<p>Creating activities that allow students to share and compare cultural knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment or quasi-experiment, what is the purpose of manipulating a variable?

<p>To see if the change has the expected effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Anne learn about her students’ linguistic and cultural backgrounds?

<p>To better understand and interpret students’ behaviors and motivations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which teaching method does Ken primarily emphasize in his grade 6 class?

<p>Process writing and reflective journaling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Ken incorporate real-world relevance into his science lessons?

<p>Using computer networks to study environmental patterns like acid rain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides academics, what else is Ken interested in developing within his students?

<p>Social and emotional understanding through responsibility and fairness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Mia and the special education teacher work with Eliot to overcome his learning difficulties?

<p>By tailoring tests to his strengths, and providing explicit instruction for his weaknesses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome was achieved through the support provided by Mia and the special education teacher?

<p>Elliot became an independent learner with better self-awareness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect that is common among all three of the teachers mentioned?

<p>The support they provided their students. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of action research in the context of education?

<p>To conduct systematic observations or tests to enhance teaching and learning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In educational psychology, how are principles typically established?

<p>From repeated findings in the same area of research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do theories play in the research cycle according to the provided text?

<p>They act as both the starting and ending point for research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes a hypothesis?

<p>A prediction of the expected outcomes of a research study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these steps is included in the research cycle?

<p>Gathering and analyzing information from participants in chosen settings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step of the research cycle described in the text?

<p>Modifying and improving explanatory theories based on results. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does research in educational psychology often examine limited aspects of a situation?

<p>Due to the complexity and variability in the educational environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between theories and research within educational psychology?

<p>Theories are improved and refined based on the outcome of ongoing research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight of a newborn baby's brain?

<p>One pound, or 454 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of creating new neurons?

<p>Neurogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of axons in the nervous system?

<p>Transmitting information to other neurons, muscles, or glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for change in the strength of connections between neurons?

<p>Synaptic plasticity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approximate number of synapses does each neuron in a child’s brain have around the age of 2-3 years?

<p>15,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the space between neurons where chemical messages are transmitted called?

<p>Synapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these accurately describes an aspect of how neurons function?

<p>Neurons use chemical messages that jump across synapses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of synapses in a child’s brain compare to that of an adult brain?

<p>Children have significantly more synapses than adults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Educational psychology

The field of study that examines how teaching and learning occur.

Teacher efficacy

The belief that a teacher can effectively help all students learn, even those considered challenging.

Benefits of teacher efficacy

Teachers with high efficacy are more likely to work hard, persist in their efforts, and be satisfied with their jobs.

Teachers with strong teacher efficacy

Teachers who believe they can reach even 'difficult' students.

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Diversity in Canadian classrooms

Teachers in Canada often face diverse classrooms with students representing different backgrounds.

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Focus of schools

Teaching and learning are the primary goals in schools, with all other activities secondary.

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Key skills for effective teachers

Understanding development, learning, motivation, teaching, and assessment is crucial for effective teaching.

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Lack of diversity in the teaching workforce

The teaching force in Canada often lacks diversity, even though student populations are diverse.

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Descriptive Studies

Studies using observation, surveys, interviews, or recordings to collect detailed information about specific situations.

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Correlation

A number that indicates both the strength and direction of a relationship between two factors.

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Positive Correlation

A correlation that indicates that two factors increase or decrease together.

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Negative Correlation

A correlation that indicates that an increase in one factor is associated with a decrease in another.

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Experimental Studies

Research that allows investigators to study cause and effect by introducing changes and observing the results.

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Participants

People being studied in a research experiment.

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Random Assignment

A process that ensures each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group in an experiment.

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Culturally Responsive Teaching

Teachers who are aware of and responsive to the diverse backgrounds of their students, including their cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

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Inclusive Classroom

A teaching approach where teachers foster a classroom environment built on trust, respect, and shared responsibility, empowering students to participate actively in the learning process.

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Process Writing

A teaching strategy that emphasizes the process of writing, encouraging students to focus on their own unique voice, ideas, and improvement over time.

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Simulation Games

Activities that allow students to explore and understand concepts in a simulated environment, encouraging critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

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Differentiated Instruction

The ability to recognize and address individual learning differences, providing tailored support and strategies for each student to succeed.

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Technology for Global Collaboration

The practice of using technology to connect with other schools and communities around the world, fostering global collaboration and learning.

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Cultural and Linguistic Influences on Learning

Understanding how a student's cultural and linguistic background can influence their learning, behavior, and motivation.

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Real-World Learning

A learning approach that emphasizes the relevance of academic concepts to real-world experiences, making learning more engaging and meaningful.

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Action Research

A systematic approach where teachers or schools conduct observations or tests of methods to improve teaching and learning for their students.

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Principle

An established relationship between two or more factors, like a teaching strategy and student achievement.

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Theory

An integrated statement of principles that explains a phenomenon and makes predictions.

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Hypothesis

A prediction about what will happen in a research study, based on theory and previous research.

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Research Cycle

The ongoing cycle that involves formulating questions, gathering and analyzing data, interpreting findings, modifying theories, and generating new questions.

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Data

Information collected in a research study, often gathered from participants in specific settings.

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Research Participants

Chosen individuals who participate in a research study to collect information about a topic.

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Settings/Situations

Specific locations or contexts where research takes place, often involving selected groups or situations.

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Quasi-experimental study

Research where participants are NOT randomly assigned to groups. Existing groups, like classes or schools, are studied.

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Treatment

A variable or factor that is deliberately changed by researchers to see its impact on the outcome.

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Statistically Significant

The results showing that the changes observed likely didn't happen by chance.

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Experimentation

A research method where variables are manipulated and their effects are recorded.

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Single-Subject Experimental Study

A research design focused on studying the effects of an intervention on one individual.

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ABAB Experiment

A systematic way to study the effects of an intervention by applying and then removing it.

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Clinical Interview

An open-ended questioning technique used to understand children's thinking.

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Case Study

In-depth study of one person or situation.

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What are neurons?

Specialized nerve cells that store and transmit information in the brain.

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What is neurogenesis?

The production of new neurons.

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What are synapses?

Tiny spaces between neurons where chemical messages are sent.

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What are axons and dendrites?

Long, arm-like fibers that neurons use to connect with each other.

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What is synaptic plasticity?

The ability of synapses to become stronger or weaker depending on how often they are used.

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How do neurons communicate?

The process of neurons sharing information using electrical signals and chemicals.

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What is the function of axons?

Neurons send signals out to muscles, glands, or other neurons.

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What is the function of dendrites?

Neurons receive signals from other neurons.

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Study Notes

Educational Psychology Quiz 1 Notes

  • Educational psychology is the study of learning and teaching, aiming to improve educational practices.
  • Essential characteristics of effective teaching include various frameworks describing effective teachers.
  • Research methods in educational psychology often use observation, surveys, interviews, recordings, or a combination of these techniques.
  • Diverse classrooms in Canada necessitate adaptable and flexible teaching strategies to accommodate students' diverse needs and backgrounds. Teachers must be cognizant of the fact that students can vary in terms of language, economic, cultural and ethnical background while teaching effective practices.
  • Teacher efficacy, belief in one's ability to teach effectively, is a significant characteristic of effective teachers; strongly correlated with better performance with difficult students.
  • Teacher-student relationships in kindergarten significantly predict academic and behavioral outcomes in later grades.
  • Students with early behavioural problems have better academic outcomes if their teachers are responsive to their needs and provide consistent feedback.
  • Effective teaching has a cumulative effect; better later instruction can compensate for less effective earlier instruction, but cannot eliminate deficiencies.
  • Teachers' knowledge of the different learning theories is crucial, but successful teaching also hinges on adaptability, flexibility and accommodating the wide range of student abilities and situations.
  • The clinical interview method uses open-ended questions to probe responses.
  • Case studies involve in-depth investigations of individuals.
  • Ethnographical research focuses on observing life within a group to understand the meaning of events within the given context.
  • Positive teacher-student relationships predict better academic outcomes, especially for students with behavioural challenges.
  • Poor teaching can negatively impact student performance, with significant differences in student achievement witnessed when students have had several effective versus ineffective teachers.
  • A micro-genetic study involves intensive analysis of changes in a cognitive process over several days or weeks.
  • Qualitative research focuses on the meaning of events for participants, often using methods such as case studies, interviews and ethnographic studies.
  • Quantitative research uses numbers, measurements, and statistics.
  • Action research systematically observes or tests teaching methods.
  • Educational psychology encompasses the study of learning and teaching processes, integrating psychological theories with teaching.
  • Educational psychologists apply psychological methods (e.g., experimentation, observation, surveys) to understand learning and teaching better.
  • Correlation does not indicate a cause-and-effect relationship. A correlation of +1.00 or -1.00 suggests a strong relationship between variables, while a correlation close to 0.00 suggests no relationship.
  • Experimental research allows for studying cause-and-effect relationships.
  • Single-subject experimental studies, often using an ABAB design (baseline, intervention, baseline, intervention), helps determine the effect of a therapy, teaching method, or intervention.
  • Clinical interviews are effective tools for in-depth study of an individual or situation.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts within educational psychology, focusing on teacher effectiveness, teacher efficacy, and contemporary classroom dynamics in Canada. Test your knowledge on how personal traits, research methods, and correlations impact teaching and learning.

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