Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following flies is an intermediate host for Thelazia spp and a vector for Moraxella bovis?
Which of the following flies is an intermediate host for Thelazia spp and a vector for Moraxella bovis?
What is the primary habitat of Oestrus ovis larvae?
What is the primary habitat of Oestrus ovis larvae?
Which parasite is responsible for causing sweet itch in horses?
Which parasite is responsible for causing sweet itch in horses?
What is the main physical difference between biting and sucking lice?
What is the main physical difference between biting and sucking lice?
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Which disease is associated with Culex mosquitoes?
Which disease is associated with Culex mosquitoes?
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In what part of the gastrointestinal tract are the larvae of Gastrophilus spp typically found?
In what part of the gastrointestinal tract are the larvae of Gastrophilus spp typically found?
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What is myiasis?
What is myiasis?
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How long do the larvae of Oestrus ovis remain in the host before they leave to pupate?
How long do the larvae of Oestrus ovis remain in the host before they leave to pupate?
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What distinguishes sucking lice from chewing lice?
What distinguishes sucking lice from chewing lice?
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What is the primary diet of sucking lice?
What is the primary diet of sucking lice?
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How frequently should lice infestation treatments be applied?
How frequently should lice infestation treatments be applied?
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What is a common sign of flea infestations in dogs?
What is a common sign of flea infestations in dogs?
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What type of louse is not recognized in cats?
What type of louse is not recognized in cats?
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What critical role do fleas play in the life cycle of certain endoparasites?
What critical role do fleas play in the life cycle of certain endoparasites?
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How can a flea infestation be visually diagnosed?
How can a flea infestation be visually diagnosed?
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What is pediculosis?
What is pediculosis?
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Study Notes
Ectoparasites: Flies
- Blood-sucking flies: Six include mosquitoes, Culicoides (no-see-ums), horse flies, deer flies, black flies, and buffalo gnats.
- Non-blood-sucking fly on cattle: One example is the Musca autumnalis (face fly).
- Moraxella bovis vector: The Musca autumnalis (face fly) acts as an intermediate host and vector for this bacteria, which causes pink eye.
- Moraxella bovis: A bacteria causing pink eye (conjunctivitis).
- Sweet itch cause: Culicoides spp. (no-see-ums, midges)
- Oestrus ovis location: Larvae are found in the nostrils, nasal passages, and sinuses of sheep and goats.
- Oestrus ovis life cycle: The female lays eggs which develop into larvae. The larvae migrate into the nose, nasal passages and sinuses. After ~10 months, they exit the nose, fall to the ground and pupate.
- Gastrophilus spp. location: Larvae are found in the first part of the small intestine.
- Gastrophilus spp. life cycle: Eggs hatch (usually after the horse licks the ground) – larvae enter the mouth. They migrate to the tongue or mucosa of the stomach. For G. intestinalis (common bot) this takes a month.; G. haemorrhoidalis migrate to the stomach and the limbs and shoulders (hair follicles), while G. nasalis migrates to the throat (hair of the lips). This migration takes 8–10 months. Larvae detach, pass in feces, and pupate.
- Horse bot prevention: Educational measures by owners emphasizing preventative measures such as appropriate worming scheduled.
- Black fly scientific name: Simulium spp.
Ectoparasites: Lice
- Large animal biting lice genera: Damalinia or Bovicola (cattle).
- Large animal sucking lice genera: Haematopinus spp. (cattle, pigs, horses), Linognathus spp. (cattle, sheep, goats), Solenopotes spp. (cattle).
- Biting lice vs. sucking lice: Biting lice move faster than sucking lice, while sucking lice are found in places where they cannot be easily rubbed off.
- Sucking lice diet: Suck blood or fluids with small mouthparts.
- Chewing lice vs. sucking lice: Chewing lice have a broader head than thorax and a blunt anterior head; sucking lice have a head narrower than their thorax, with a pointed anterior head. Chewing lice use large mandibles to grasp host hair/feathers, sucking lice have claws for grasping hair.
- Lice life stages: Eggs (nits) are laid daily (30 days), are cemented to the base of hair/feathers, hatch in 1–2 weeks, develop into nymph (stages 1–3), then adult.
- Lice treatment frequency: Treat at least twice to ensure nymphs hatching from eggs are killed.
- Pediculosis: An infestation with lice, more common in young, old, or sick animals.
- Pediculosis diagnosis: Examine the hair coat for nits and adult lice (magnifying glass). Examine hair plucks, or use microscope slides with a drop of oil and cover slip.
- Lice not found on cats: Sucking lice.
Ectoparasites: Fleas
- Heavy flea infestation consequences: Animals can develop fatal anemia.
- Flea bite locations (dogs): Skin lesions on lower back, tailhead, and caudal and inner thighs.
- Flea bite locations (cats): Papules found on the back, neck, face.
- Daily flea egg production: 40–50 eggs per day.
- Location of flea eggs: Fall from the haircoat and onto bedding, carpet, or soil.
- Flea larvae diet: Feed on blood in adult flea feces, flea eggshells, and other flea larvae.
- Endoparasite dependent on fleas: Dog tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum).
- Flea infestation diagnosis: Visualize adult fleas or flea dirt. Finding tapeworm segments (Dipylidium caninum). Clinical signs such as Pruritus, anemia, and dermatitis are also possible signs of flea infestation.
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Description
Explore the world of blood-sucking and non-blood-sucking flies that affect livestock. This quiz covers key species like Musca autumnalis and Culicoides, their life cycles, and the diseases they transmit such as pink eye in cattle. Test your knowledge on the effects of these pests on animal health.
