Ectoparasites Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following ectoparasites are vectors for parasitic protozoa causing trypanosomiasis?

  • Fleas
  • Mites
  • Tsetse flies (correct)
  • Lice

    • All lice have wings.

    False

    What is the lifecycle duration of lice?

    3-4 weeks

    The female tsetse fly produces larvae that pupate on the ______.

    <p>ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is commonly known to cause fly strike in sheep?

    <p>Calliphoridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mouthparts do lice possess?

    <p>Chewing or sucking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ectoparasites with their respective hosts:

    <p>Haematopinus = Pigs, cattle, horses Linognathus = Cattle, sheep, goats, dogs Damalinia = Cattle, sheep, goats, horses Trichodectes = Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mite cycles can span from 1 to 4 weeks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myiasis is commonly associated with ______ flies.

    <p>flesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measures is not necessary for treating demodex infestations?

    <p>Treat in-contact animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metamorphism do fleas undergo?

    <p>Full metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ectoparasites like fleas and ticks are primarily blood suckers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of infestation by Sarcoptes mites?

    <p>Intense pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary clinical signs associated with a flea infestation?

    <p>Inflammation and pruritic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main transmitted disease associated with bites from the black fly is _____ itch.

    <p>sweet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trixacarus mites primarily affect guinea pigs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ectoparasites with their characteristics:

    <p>Fleas = Obligate blood suckers, laterally flattened Ticks = Nocturnal feeders, Arachnids Mites = Microscopic size, skin irritants Lice = Wingless, direct transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method of diagnosis for Sarcoptes mite infestation?

    <p>Deep skin scrape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one control measure for managing ectoparasites?

    <p>Using insecticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The life cycle of chiggers includes their larval stage, which is characterized by having ___ pairs of legs.

    <p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fleas can transmit diseases like Bartonella henselae, which cause cat scratch disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ectoparasite is Demodex?

    <p>Burrowing mite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a disease transmitted by mosquitoes?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Notoedres affects cats predominantly on their body limbs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hedgehog fleas are also known to affect _____.

    <p>dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a burrowing mite that affects dogs.

    <p>Demodex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the flea?

    <p>Large wings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ mite is known for causing scaly face and tassel foot in birds.

    <p>Knemidocoptes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lifecycle of simuliids involves only two stages.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the mites with their respective hosts:

    <p>Sarcoptes = Dogs Notoedres = Cats Knemidocoptes = Birds Trixacarus = Guinea pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What control measure is effective for managing ectoparasites?

    <p>Cleaning the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lifecycle do flies undergo?

    <p>Holometabolous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surface mites have shorter legs that are designed for digging.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fleas feed on blood, while their younger stages primarily consume _____ debris.

    <p>organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is an example of a cat flea?

    <p>Ctenocephalides felis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of ectoparasites like Sarcoptes on host health?

    <p>Hypersensitivity and pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The percentage of body segments that distinguish mites from insects is ___.

    <p>fewer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lifespan of a chigger in its larval stage can vary, but typically lasts for how long?

    <p>A few days to a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infestation with Demodex mites is normal in healthy dogs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ectoparasites

    • Holometabola: complete metamorphosis (egg → larva → pupa → adult) Examples include flies and fleas
    • Hemimetabola: incomplete metamorphosis (egg → nymph → adult) Examples include ticks, mites, and lice

    Fleas

    • Flattened body
    • Six legs
    • Large hind legs
    • Spines facing backwards (prevents removal)
    • Obligate blood feeders (adults)
    • Younger fleas feed on debris
    • Flea saliva contains allergens causing allergic dermatitis (inflammation and itching)
    • Greatest reactions occur in animals exposed intermittently

    Specific Fleas

    • Ctenocephalides felis: Cat flea, also infects dogs
    • Ctenocephalides canis: Dog flea
    • Ceratophyllus gallinae: Chicken flea
    • Spilopsyllus cuniculi: Rabbit flea
    • Archaeopsylla erinacei: Hedgehog flea, also affects dogs (affects hedgehogs first)

    Flies (Holometabolous)

    • Brachycera: short antennae
    • Nematocera: worm-like antennae
    • Cause bites, allergies, myiasis (bot fly larvae invade tissues), and transmit diseases indirectly

    Simuliidae (Black Flies)

    • Carry Onchocerca spp (protozoa), causing sweet itch in animals
    • Control by removing manure, carcasses, and ensuring animal health, installing mechanical barriers (meshes, traps), chemical control (insecticides, repellents), and biological control (parasitoid wasps).

    Culicidae (Mosquitoes)

    • Vectors of diseases: Plasmodium, Dirofilaria immitis, viruses
    • Cause disease directly

    Ceratopogonidae (Biting Midges)

    • Onchocerca spp. (protozoa), viruses, and bluetongue
    • Common cause of sweet itch in horses

    Psychodidae (Sand Flies)

    • Transmit Leishmania spp

    Muscidae (House and Stable Flies)

    • House flies feed on organic material
    • Stable flies feed on blood
    • Vectors for Moraxella bovis (pinkeye), Salmonella campylobacter, Haematopota pluvalis

    Tabanidae (Horseflies)

    • Single egg hatches inside female, goes through three stages, and emerges from the hair
    • Transmit diseases through direct contact

    Hippoboscidae (Keds)

    • Transmit diseases through direct contact and cause irritation, rubbing, and wool loss (sheep keds)
    • New forest flies have wings but can only fly short distances

    Glossinidae (Tsetse Flies)

    • Vectors of parasitic protozoa.
    • Transmit trypanosomiasis in humans and livestock

    Oestridae (Bot Flies/Warbles)

    • Third larvae stage is attached to the mucosa of the stomach until cycle completes, takes approximately one year
    • Larvae release in feces, pupa emerges in the soil
    • Adult flies mate then lay eggs on horses.

    Sarcophagidae (Flesh Flies)

    • First stage larvae migrates through tissues of mouth
    • Myiasis in livestock (host eats eggs.)
    • Fly strike occurs in sheep and rabbits

    Calliphoridae (Blow Flies)

    • Myiasis in livestock
    • Fly strike in sheep and rabbits

    Lice

    • Phthiraptera, dorso-ventrally flattened, wingless
    • Chewing or sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding
    • Lifecycle takes 3–4 weeks, depending on species and host
    • Lice are passed to others by direct contact with an infested host

    Mite Types

    • Sarcoptes: Zoonotic, highly contagious via direct contact, cause intense itching
    • Tricasarus: common in Guinea pigs, cause pruritus (itching), alopecia (hair loss), and dermatitis
    • Notoedres: head and ears of cats. Cause pruritus (itching), alopecia (hair loss), and dermatitis
    • Knemidocoptes: scales and face of birds. Cause pruritus and inflammation
    • Demodex: dogs, transmitted from mother to puppy. Cause local inflammation
    • Surface mites:
      • Psoroptes: Sheep, Cows, Horses, Rabbits
      • Chorioptes: Cattle and Horses
      • Otodectes: Cats and Dogs
      • Cheyletiella: Dogs, Cats, and Rabbits
      • Trombicula: Everyone
      • Dermanyssus: Chickens
      • Ornithonyssus: Birds
      • Choriodiscoides: Guinea pigs
      • Listrophorus: Rabbits

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    ECTOparasites PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on ectoparasites, focusing on the distinguishing characteristics of fleas and flies. This quiz covers their life cycles, specific types, and the effects they have on their hosts. Understand the differences between holometabola and hemimetabola and learn about common ectoparasites.

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