Economic Systems and Industrial Innovations
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Questions and Answers

What is a market economy?

  • An economy controlled entirely by the state
  • An economy where prices are determined by supply and demand (correct)
  • An economy with no trade or commerce
  • An economy based on planned economy principles
  • What is capitalism?

    An economic and political system where trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

    What does innovation refer to?

    A new idea or more effective device or process.

    What was the Second Industrial Revolution?

    <p>A period of rapid technological advancements typically dated between 1870 and 1914.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was George Pullman?

    <p>An American engineer and industrialist known for designing the Pullman sleeping car.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did George Westinghouse invent?

    <p>The railway air brake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bessemer Process?

    <p>A steel-making process to remove impurities from molten pig iron through oxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Samuel Morse?

    <p>An American inventor known for contributing to the telegraph system and its code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a telegraph?

    <p>A system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire using signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone?

    <p>Alexander Graham Bell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transatlantic cable?

    <p>An undersea cable used for telegraph communications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major invention by Thomas Edison.

    <p>The phonograph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were Wilbur and Orville Wright?

    <p>American inventors credited with building the first successful airplane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Madame C.J. Walker develop?

    <p>Hair products specifically for black women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Elijah McCoy known for?

    <p>Notable for his 57 U.S. patents related to lubrication of steam engines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first African American woman to receive a patent?

    <p>Sarah Goode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lewis Howard Latimer patent?

    <p>An improved method for producing carbon filaments for electric light bulbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Jan Ernst Matzeliger's invention?

    <p>A machine that attached the upper part of a leather shoe to the sole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mail-order house?

    <p>A retail firm that receives orders and ships merchandise through the mail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a corporation?

    <p>A company or group authorized to act as a single entity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does stock refer to in a business context?

    <p>Capital raised by a business through the issue of shares.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an entrepreneur?

    <p>A person who organizes and operates a business, taking on financial risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Andrew Carnegie?

    <p>A Scottish American industrialist known for leading the expansion of the steel industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John D. Rockefeller?

    <p>An American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Standard Oil Company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vertical integration?

    <p>An arrangement where the supply chain of a company is owned by that company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is horizontal integration?

    <p>A strategy where a company acquires or merges with competitors in the same industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are trusts in an economic context?

    <p>A method where companies assign their stocks to a board that manages them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a monopoly?

    <p>Exclusive control over a specific product or service in the market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?

    <p>The first federal action against monopolies, aimed at regulating unfair business practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Henry Flagler?

    <p>A self-made millionaire who co-founded Standard Oil and developed Florida's railroads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Florida East Coast Railroad?

    <p>A railroad connecting Jacksonville to Miami and Key West, promoting tourism and agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does government policy refer to?

    <p>The central ideas or principles guiding government actions, including laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is government regulation?

    <p>Laws controlling how businesses operate to prevent financial disasters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are business practices?

    <p>Methods and procedures that firms follow to achieve their objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are industrial developments?

    <p>Advancements in communication, transportation technologies, and railroad networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 1st Industrial Revolution?

    <p>A period marked by major inventions and expansion based on water and steam power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Economic Systems and Key Figures

    • Market Economy: Operates on supply and demand with pricing determined through a free price system.
    • Capitalism: System where trade and industry are privately owned for profit instead of being controlled by the state.

    Innovations and Industrial Pioneers

    • Innovation: Refers to new ideas or processes that improve solutions to existing needs.
    • Second Industrial Revolution: Spanning 1870 to 1914, marked by groundbreaking inventions, including events dating back to the 1850s.
    • George Pullman: Engineer and industrialist known for the Pullman sleeping car and creating Pullman, a company town for workers.
    • George Westinghouse: Inventor of the railway air brake and a significant contributor to the electrical industry.

    Communication Advances

    • Samuel Morse: Inventor of the single-wire telegraph system; developed Morse code.
    • Telegraph: A long-distance message transmission system using electrical signals.
    • Alexander Graham Bell: Credited with inventing the first practical telephone.
    • Transatlantic Cable: An undersea cable used for telegraph communications; the first one laid across the Atlantic Ocean.

    Notable Inventors

    • Thomas Edison: Influential inventor known for the phonograph, motion picture camera, and electric light bulb.
    • Wilbur and Orville Wright: Brothers who invented the first successful airplane and achieved controlled, powered flight.
    • Madame C.J. Walker: Entrepreneur who created successful hair products for African American women.
    • Elijah McCoy: Notable for 57 patents, primarily for steam engine lubrication.
    • Sarah Goode: First African American woman to receive a patent for a fold-away bed.
    • Lewis Howard Latimer: Improved method for producing carbon filaments in electric light bulbs.
    • Jan Ernst Matzeliger: Invented a machine that significantly reduced shoe production costs.

    Business Concepts

    • Mail-Order House: Retail firm selling merchandise via mail, providing catalogs and circulars to customers.
    • Corporation: A legally recognized entity allowing group action as a single person.
    • Stock: Capital raised by companies through the issuance of shares.
    • Entrepreneur: Individual organizing and operating a business while taking higher financial risks.

    Industrial Leaders and Their Impact

    • Andrew Carnegie: Scottish American who expanded the steel industry, establishing Carnegie Steel and donating $350 million to charities.
    • John D. Rockefeller: Founder of the Standard Oil Company, which revolutionized the oil industry and philanthropy.
    • J.P. Morgan: Influential banker who merged companies to form General Electric and the United States Steel Corporation.

    Business Strategies

    • Vertical Integration: Control of the supply chain by one company, producing various products or services.
    • Horizontal Integration: Acquiring similar companies in the same industry to create a monopoly.
    • Trusts: Economic method for managing stocks of multiple companies to eliminate competition.

    Regulations and Policies

    • Monopoly: Exclusive control over a specific product or industry.
    • Sherman Antitrust Act: First federal law against monopolies, initially misapplied against labor unions.
    • Government Policy: Principles guiding government actions and legislative processes.
    • Government Regulation: Laws governing business operations to prevent financial crises.

    Industrial Growth

    • Industrial Developments: Significant technological advancements in communication and transportation, including railroad networks.
    • 1st Industrial Revolution: A transformative period (1760-1840) characterized by inventions powered by water and steam, fundamentally changing textile industries.

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    Description

    Explore the evolution of economic systems from market economies to capitalism. Discover key figures like George Pullman and Samuel Morse who played significant roles in industrial advancements and communication innovations. This quiz covers important inventions and their impact on society.

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