Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between P-waves and S-waves?
What is the primary distinction between P-waves and S-waves?
- P-waves travel faster than S-waves. (correct)
- P-waves can only travel through solids, while S-waves can travel through both solids and liquids.
- S-waves are the first to arrive at a seismic station.
- P-waves do not generate seismic noise.
Why is it necessary to use three different seismic stations to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
Why is it necessary to use three different seismic stations to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
- To form a triangulation based on the difference in arrival times. (correct)
- To detect both P-waves and S-waves simultaneously.
- To ensure that the equipment is functioning properly.
- To average the readings for more accurate results.
What type of wave only travels on the surface of the Earth?
What type of wave only travels on the surface of the Earth?
- Body wave
- Primary wave
- Surface wave (correct)
- Secondary wave
What mechanism generates the seismic waves associated with earthquakes?
What mechanism generates the seismic waves associated with earthquakes?
What does the term focus refer to in the context of earthquakes?
What does the term focus refer to in the context of earthquakes?
Which of the following is a characteristic of S-waves?
Which of the following is a characteristic of S-waves?
What instrument is used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake?
What instrument is used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake?
What role does the difference in arrival time of P-wave and S-wave play in seismic analysis?
What role does the difference in arrival time of P-wave and S-wave play in seismic analysis?
Which type of seismic wave is recorded first in a seismic station?
Which type of seismic wave is recorded first in a seismic station?
Where is the location of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts?
Where is the location of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts?
How is the distribution of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain belts characterized?
How is the distribution of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain belts characterized?
What is the definition of a seismic wave?
What is the definition of a seismic wave?
What is a plate boundary?
What is a plate boundary?
What type of seismic wave travels through the Earth's interior?
What type of seismic wave travels through the Earth's interior?
Which of the following correctly identifies the lithosphere?
Which of the following correctly identifies the lithosphere?
What characterizes the S-wave in seismic activity?
What characterizes the S-wave in seismic activity?
What does the radius of each circle represent when locating the epicenter of an earthquake?
What does the radius of each circle represent when locating the epicenter of an earthquake?
In the improvised geometry compass method described, what material is primarily used to create the compass?
In the improvised geometry compass method described, what material is primarily used to create the compass?
What should you do after drawing all three circles to find the epicenter?
What should you do after drawing all three circles to find the epicenter?
How is the distance on the map represented in relation to the actual distance?
How is the distance on the map represented in relation to the actual distance?
What is the first step in using the improvised geometry compass?
What is the first step in using the improvised geometry compass?
What should be maintained while drawing the circle with the improvised compass?
What should be maintained while drawing the circle with the improvised compass?
When drawing circles with the impromptu compass, where should the string be held?
When drawing circles with the impromptu compass, where should the string be held?
Which of the following steps is NOT part of using the improvised geometry compass?
Which of the following steps is NOT part of using the improvised geometry compass?
What is the first step to locate the earthquake epicenter using the triangulation method?
What is the first step to locate the earthquake epicenter using the triangulation method?
How do seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter?
How do seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter?
What is the required number of seismic stations to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
What is the required number of seismic stations to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
Which of the following methods is used to represent the distances from the seismic stations on a map?
Which of the following methods is used to represent the distances from the seismic stations on a map?
What is the scale ratio used to convert the distance from kilometers to centimeters in this procedure?
What is the scale ratio used to convert the distance from kilometers to centimeters in this procedure?
If the distance recorded by a seismograph is 1640 km, what is the corresponding scaled distance in centimeters?
If the distance recorded by a seismograph is 1640 km, what is the corresponding scaled distance in centimeters?
What is the purpose of intersections in the triangulation method?
What is the purpose of intersections in the triangulation method?
What equipment is necessary for the triangulation method according to the procedure?
What equipment is necessary for the triangulation method according to the procedure?
How are active volcanoes related to plate tectonics?
How are active volcanoes related to plate tectonics?
What causes earthquake epicenters to be located along plate boundaries?
What causes earthquake epicenters to be located along plate boundaries?
Which of the following is a major mountain belt that is influenced by tectonic activity?
Which of the following is a major mountain belt that is influenced by tectonic activity?
Which statement about the distribution of earthquakes is accurate?
Which statement about the distribution of earthquakes is accurate?
What is a consequence of plate tectonic movement on landforms?
What is a consequence of plate tectonic movement on landforms?
Why might the location of volcanoes serve as indicators of tectonic activity?
Why might the location of volcanoes serve as indicators of tectonic activity?
Which of the following correctly describes an earthquake?
Which of the following correctly describes an earthquake?
The primary factor contributing to the formation of mountains is:
The primary factor contributing to the formation of mountains is:
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Seismic Waves
- Seismic waves generated by tectonic plate movement release energy throughout the Earth.
- Two primary types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves.
- P-wave (primary wave) is the first to be recorded at seismic stations, traveling the fastest, followed by the S-wave (secondary wave).
- Surface waves arrive last, traveling only along the Earth's surface.
Earthquake Fundamentals
- The focus is the point within the Earth where energy is released during an earthquake.
- The epicenter is directly above the focus on the Earth's surface.
- Seismographs are used globally to record seismic activity and measure ground motion.
Epicenter Location
- Triangulation method is used to determine the precise location of an earthquake's epicenter.
- Requires distance data from at least three different seismic stations.
- Distances to the epicenter can be calculated by multiplying the time difference of P-wave and S-wave arrivals by 8 km/s.
Global Distribution Patterns
- Active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts are primarily located along the edges of tectonic plates.
- Their distribution correlates with the boundaries of tectonic plates, differing from locations in the middle of plates or continents.
Geologic Terms
- Lithosphere: Rigid outer part of the Earth, comprising the crust and upper mantle.
- Plate Boundary: Crack or gap between two tectonic plates.
- Seismic Wave: Energy waves produced by earthquakes.
- Continental Crust: Thicker and less dense type of crust found under continents.
- Oceanic Crust: Denser, thinner type of crust found beneath ocean floors.
Earthquake Measurement
- Seismographers record different seismic waves to analyze and locate earthquake epicenters.
- The difference in arrival times helps estimate distances from the seismic station.
- Example distances from seismic stations for triangulation: South Caloocan at 1640 km, Marikina at 1600 km, Muntinlupa at 1040 km.
Learning Activities
- The Seismic Race provides insight into the characteristics of seismic waves, emphasizing the speed difference between P-wave and S-wave.
- Journey to the Center of the Earthquake reinforces understanding of triangulation for locating epicenters through practical measurements and mapping skills.
- Critical thinking questions encourage students to reflect on their understanding of seismic activity and plate tectonics.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
