Pharma Week 5

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of antiplatelet medications?

To directly dissolve clots

To increase blood clotting

To prevent platelet adhesion (correct)

To lower blood pressure

Why should aspirin be avoided in children with flu-like symptoms?

It can lead to Reye's syndrome (correct)

It interferes with flu medication

It causes increased bleeding risk

It has slower absorption in children

What is a key requirement for the activation of clopidogrel?

Presence of aspirin in the bloodstream

Conversion by the CYP2C9 enzyme

Activation by CYP2C19 enzyme (correct)

Absorption in the stomach

Which of the following statements about thrombolytics is true?

They act to dissolve existing clots Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of effects for aspirin after administration?

7-10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of apolipoproteins in relation to triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood?

To transport fats through the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is crucial for the production of cholesterol in the liver?

HMG-CoA reductase Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is primarily associated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

Muscle pain Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about bile acid sequestrants is accurate?

They can block the reabsorption of bile acids from the intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Which medication suffix is associated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

-statin Signup and view all the answers

What potential danger can arise from myoglobinuria when associated with muscle breakdown?

Acute kidney injury (AKI) Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary consideration is important for patients taking bile acid sequestrants?

Increase dietary fiber intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why all other medications should not be taken immediately with bile acid sequestrants?

They reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of cholestyramine resin in patients with partial biliary obstruction?

Relieves pruritus associated with the condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins?

Reduce LDL cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action of niacin?

Its exact mechanism is unclear, but it may increase lipoprotein lipase activity Signup and view all the answers

What percentage reduction in LDL cholesterol do statins typically achieve?

30-40% Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with using fibric acid derivatives alongside statins?

Increased risk of myositis and rhabdomyolysis Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is most commonly associated with niacin when taken in higher doses?

Flushing due to histamine release Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant adverse effect associated with the use of statins?

Rhabdomyolysis Signup and view all the answers

When should statins generally be administered for optimal effect?

At bedtime Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the fibrate class of medications?

They significantly increase LDL levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances should be avoided when taking statins due to potential interactions?

Grapefruit Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical increase in HDL cholesterol levels associated with statin therapy?

2-15% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized benefit of statin therapy?

Promoting weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism do statins use to achieve their effects?

Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of bile acid sequestrants like Cholestyramine?

Bind bile acids in the intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known for causing flushing as a common side effect?

Niacin Signup and view all the answers

For what reason should other medications be taken at least 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after taking Cholestyramine?

To avoid drug interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Fibric Acid Derivatives (fibrates) on lipid levels?

Increase HDL and lower triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended protocol for starting Niacin to minimize side effects?

Start at a low dose and titrate up Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the side effects of Cholestyramine?

It can treat diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of Niacin when used for lipid management?

Decrease triglycerides and increase HDL Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which Fibric Acid Derivatives lower triglyceride levels?

Activate lipoprotein lipase Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dyslipidemia Medications

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
- Function: Reduce LDL (bad cholesterol) by 30-40%, increase HDL (good cholesterol) by 2-15%
- Mechanism of Action: Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme responsible for cholesterol production in the liver
- Key Drugs: Simvastatin (Zocor), Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- Administration: Once daily, typically at bedtime
- Adverse Effects: Muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria
- Drug Interactions: Avoid grapefruit and use caution with oral anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk)
- First line therapy for dyslipidemia

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Function: Bind bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption
Mechanism of Action: By preventing bile acid reabsorption, they indirectly reduce cholesterol absorption
Key drug: Cholestyramine (Olestyr)
Side effects: Constipation (can treat diarrhea)
Administration: Mix powder well with liquid to avoid choking
Drug Interactions: Take other medications 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after
Second line therapy for dyslipidemia
Contraindicated: In patients with phenylketonuria or complete biliary obstruction

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Function: Decreases LDL and triglycerides while increasing HDL
Mechanism of Action: Unclear, but thought to increase the activity of lipoprotein lipase
Side effects: Flushing (take with meals and start low dose), GI issues, pruritus
Administration: Start low and titrate up

Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)

Function: Lowers triglycerides and raises HDL
Mechanism of Action: Activates lipoprotein lipase to break down fats
Key Drugs: Gemfibrozil, Fenofibrate
Side effects: Muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis, myopathy
Contraindicated: In patients with liver or kidney problems
Drug Interactions: Increase risk of myositis, myalgia, and rhabdomyolysis when used with statins

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