DSM–V: OCD & Body Dymphoric DT
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of Parent Management Training (PMT)?

  • To empower parents with techniques for managing behaviors (correct)
  • To eliminate all challenging behaviors immediately
  • To focus solely on academic performance
  • To create behavioral problems in children

What is the first step in treating kleptomania-like symptoms?

  • Behavioral modification without assessment
  • Consultation with family members only
  • Immediate medication for symptom relief
  • A thorough assessment to rule out psychological issues (correct)

What determines the severity level of an Intellectual Disability (ID)?

  • The age of onset
  • Intelligence test scores alone
  • The number of symptoms present
  • The level of support required (correct)

Which two criteria are used to diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

<p>Social communication deficits and restricted behavior patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Tourette's Disorder?

<p>A combination of motor and vocal tics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are compulsions primarily performed to achieve?

<p>Reduce anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the main symptom categories for PTSD?

<p>Compulsive behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

<p>Exposure and Response Prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a diagnosis of OCD, how much time must obsessions or compulsions consume each day?

<p>Over an hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In acute stress disorder, how long do symptoms typically last?

<p>Three days to a month (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion involves believing one has special abilities?

<p>Grandiose delusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can help enhance motivation in individuals with hoarding disorder?

<p>Identifying personal goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD?

<p>To reduce fear through exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of delusions are considered possible but false?

<p>Nonbizarre delusions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hallucination is the most common?

<p>Auditory hallucinations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as an obsession?

<p>Fear of contamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a diagnosis of OCD, a person must exhibit which of the following?

<p>Maladaptive characteristics causing distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

<p>Perceived flaws in appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves acquiring items due to emotional attachment?

<p>Hoarding Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) in treating OCD?

<p>Expose to anxiety triggers while preventing compulsions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with hoarding disorder typically seek help in what manner?

<p>Involuntarily, under pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom category of PTSD?

<p>Compulsive behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Body Dysmorphic Disorder from Trichotillomania?

<p>Focus on perceived flaws in appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Obsessions in OCD

Persistent thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress and anxiety.

Compulsions in OCD

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions.

ERP for OCD

Exposure and Response Prevention: A therapy that exposes individuals to their anxieties while preventing them from engaging in compulsive behaviors.

Hoarding Disorder Motivation

Individuals with hoarding disorder often need help identifying their goals and the benefits of decluttering.

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PTSD Symptoms

Four categories: Intrusion, Avoidance, Negative alterations in cognition and mood, Arousal and Reactivity.

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Trauma in PTSD

Exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or violence - a core element of PTSD.

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PTSD vs. Acute Stress Disorder

PTSD symptoms last more than a month, while Acute Stress Disorder symptoms last 3 days to a month.

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Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD

Individuals are intentionally exposed to trauma memories and reminders to reduce fear and anxiety.

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PMT Focus

PMT aims to equip parents with behavioral techniques to manage challenging child behaviors and improve parent-child relationships, leading to positive outcomes.

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First Step for Kleptomania-like Symptoms

If kleptomania-like symptoms appear suddenly, a thorough assessment is crucial to rule out other underlying psychological issues before creating a treatment plan.

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Intellectual Disability (ID) Diagnosis

A diagnosis of ID requires both intellectual functioning deficits and adaptive functioning deficits. Severity depends on the level of support needed.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Criteria

ASD requires both social communication and interaction deficits (Criterion A) and restricted, repetitive behaviors (Criterion B). Severity is determined by the amount of support needed.

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Tourette's Disorder Key Feature

Tourette's disorder is characterized by both motor and vocal tics. Only when both types are present can a diagnosis be made.

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Persecutory Delusions

A false belief that someone is trying to harm or persecute you.

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Bizarre Delusions

Implausible and unrealistic beliefs that are considered impossible by most people.

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Nonbizarre Delusions

False beliefs based on a possible, but incorrect, interpretation of reality.

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Auditory Hallucinations

Hearing voices or sounds that aren't actually present.

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Obsessions

Intrusive and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress.

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Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety or distress.

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Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)

A therapy technique for OCD where patients are exposed to anxiety-provoking situations and prevented from engaging in compulsive behaviors.

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A mental health disorder where a person is obsessed with perceived flaws in their appearance.

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Hoarding Disorder

A condition where people have difficulty discarding possessions, even if they have little value.

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Intrusive Symptoms (PTSD)

Unwanted flashbacks, nightmares, or intrusive thoughts related to a traumatic event.

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Trauma Exposure

Experiencing or witnessing actual or threatened death, serious injury, or violence.

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Ideal Timing for PTSD Treatment

Start therapy soon after the traumatic event.

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Prolonged Exposure Therapy

Re-exposure to trauma memories and external cues associated with the trauma.

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Delusions

Fixed false beliefs that are not based on reality.

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Types of Delusions

Persecutory: Belief of being harmed. Grandiose: Belief of having special abilities. Jealousy: Belief of being betrayed in love.

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Hallucinations

Perceptions without a real external stimuli.

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Most Common Hallucination

Auditory hallucinations: Hearing voices.

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Negative Symptoms of Psychosis

Reduced emotional expression, apathy, and lack of motivation.

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Delusional Disorder vs. Schizophrenia

Delusional disorder: Only delusions, no other schizophrenia symptoms. Schizophrenia: Multiple symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, etc.

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Duration of Continuous Signs

Symptoms of a psychotic disorder must last at least six months.

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Active Phase

A period of pronounced psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions.

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Prodromal Phase

A period before the active phase, characterized by subtle symptoms like social withdrawal or unusual thoughts.

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Residual Phase

A period after the active phase, where some symptoms may persist, though less severe.

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Co-occurrence

Both schizophrenia symptoms and mood disorder symptoms are present in schizoaffective disorder.

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Distinction

Schizoaffective disorder is different from major depression or bipolar disorder with psychotic features because the mood symptoms are a primary focus in the latter.

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Substances Causing Psychotic Symptoms

Drugs, medications, or medical conditions can cause psychotic-like symptoms.

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Working With Delusions

Validate client's feelings without reinforcing delusions, and gently challenge distortions.

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Symptoms Emergence

Psychotic symptoms typically emerge earlier in men (late teens to early 20s) than in women (late 20s to early 30s).

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Environmental Risk Factors

Prenatal infections and early life stressors can increase the risk of schizophrenia.

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Study Notes

  • Obsessions are persistent thoughts, urges, or images causing distress
  • Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts reducing anxiety
  • Common obsessions include contamination and harm fears
  • Common compulsions include excessive washing and checking
  • OCD diagnosis doesn't require both obsessions and compulsions
  • Maladaptive characteristics: significant distress, consuming over an hour per day

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

  • Primary concern: obsessive focus on perceived flaws in appearance
  • Differs from excoriation and trichotillomania: BDD is about appearance concerns, while others are about anxiety/compulsion
  • Hoarding disorder: emotional attachment to items and fear of needing them in the future.

Treatment for OCD

  • Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)
  • Expose to anxiety triggers, prevent compulsive responses
  • Enhancing Motivation for Hoarding Disorder: Help identify personal goals, benefits of change; voluntary treatment.

DSM-5-TR: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

  • Main symptom categories of PTSD: Intrusion symptoms, Avoidance, Negative alterations in cognition and mood, Alterations in arousal and reactivity
  • PTSD vs Acute Stress Disorder: Trauma exposure (actual or threatened death, injury, or violence). PTSD: duration longer than a month; ASD: symptoms within 3 days to a month.
  • PTSD treatment: Prolonged Exposure Therapy to reduce fear, start soon after trauma, exposure to trauma memories
  • Other interventions: Cognitive Processing Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).

DSM-5-TR: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

  • Delusions are fixed false beliefs

  • Types of delusions include: persecutory, grandiose, jealous

  • Persecutory delusions are the most common. Bizarre delusions are implausible. Non-bizarre delusions are possible but false.

  • Hallucinations are perceptions without external stimuli; most common is auditory. Other types: visual, olfactory, tactile

  • Other psychotic symptoms include disorganized thinking, negative effect, positive symptom (hallucinations), negative symptom(affective flattening)

  • Delusional Disorder: Symptoms: one month of delusions. Types: Erotomaniac (belief someone is in love with you)

  • Brief Psychotic Disorder: Symptoms: one or more psychotic symptoms. Duration: more than a day, but less than a month.

  • Schizophreniform Disorder: Two or more symptoms from Criterion A of schizophrenia. Duration: at least one month but less than six months.

  • Schizophrenia: required 2+ symptoms for at least 1 month, including delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech. Duration at least 6+ months

  • Schizoaffective Disorder: major mood episode occurs along with schizophrenia symptoms, 2-week period of delusions or hallucinations without major mood disorder

Reichenberg Chapter 3: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

  • Working with clients with delusions: validate feelings instead of reinforcing delusions
  • Men and emerging symptoms of schizophrenia: typically emerge in late teens to early 20s; women: late 20s or early 30s.
  • Genetic, Environmental and Early Stressors: Prenatal infections, and early stressors influence schizophrenia.
  • Drugs that affect schizophrenia: Cannabis, amphetamines

Other Disorders

  • Intellectual Disability (ID): Deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning; Severity determined by level of support required.
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Criterion A (social communication and interaction deficits) and Criterion B (restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior)
  • ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder): Inattentive symptoms, hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, symptoms present in two settings
  • Tourette's Disorder: characterized by both motor and vocal tics. Diagnosis only if both types of tics are present.

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