Drugs for Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes and Thyroid
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of a disturbance in glucose action in Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Hyperglycemia (correct)
  • Polyuria
  • Polydipsia
  • Glycosuria
  • Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of insulin?

  • Signal transmission to inside of cell
  • Activation of catabolic pathways (correct)
  • Inhibition of anabolic pathways
  • Autophosphorylation of beta subunits
  • What is the primary reason insulin is not effective orally?

  • Rapid onset of action and short duration
  • Metabolized in liver and other tissues
  • Rapidly inactivated by proteolytic enzymes (correct)
  • Administered subcutaneously
  • What is the effect of insulin on protein metabolism?

    <p>Stimulation of amino acid uptake and protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of increased lipolysis in Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Increased free fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of insulin on fat metabolism?

    <p>Stimulation of triglyceride synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Islets of Langerhans within the pancreas?

    <p>To produce hormones that control carbohydrate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by impaired carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism due to insufficient insulin secretion or decreased response of target tissues to insulin?

    <p>Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the pancreas in the body?

    <p>In front of the spine and behind the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major cell types that compose the Islets of Langerhans?

    <p>This information is not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the session on drugs for endocrine disorders?

    <p>To explain endocrine disorders resulting in Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of progressive loss of β cells in patients treated with Glibenclamide?

    <p>Treatment becomes less effective over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Glibenclamide in promoting insulin secretion?

    <p>Closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of Glibenclamide that is related to its insulin-like activity?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main organ responsible for the metabolism of Glibenclamide?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the mechanisms of action of Glibenclamide and Metformin?

    <p>Glibenclamide has a clear mechanism of action, while Metformin's mechanism is not fully understood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of metformin in reducing plasma glucose levels?

    <p>Suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary regulator of thyroid hormone secretion?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormones on protein synthesis?

    <p>Increase protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical use of metformin in combination with?

    <p>Diabetes + hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of metformin on glucose absorption from the GI tract?

    <p>Delay glucose absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Thyroid hormone replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of levothyroxine in the nucleus?

    <p>Interference with protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of high doses of levothyroxine on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Cardiac toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering levothyroxine on an empty stomach?

    <p>To increase absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hypothyroidism on the skin?

    <p>Cold, dry skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hypothyroidism on the digestive system?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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