Pharmacology Exam 2: Endocrine System

Endocrine

• Rapid acting insulin includes insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine
• Short acting insulin includes regular insulin
• Intermediate duration insulin includes NPH insulin
• Long-acting insulin includes insulin glargine (U-100) and insulin detemir
• Biguanide includes metformin
• Sulfonylureas include glyburide and glipizide
• Meglitinides include repaglinide and nateglinide
• Thiazolidinediones include rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
• DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin
• SGLT-2 inhibitors include empagliflozin
• GLP-1 agonists/incretin mimetics include semaglutide

Cardio I

• ACE-Is include lisinopril and captopril
• ARBs include valsartan and losartan
• ARNIs include sacubitril-valsartan
• Loop diuretics include furosemide and bumetanide
• Thiazide diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone
• Potassium-sparing diuretic includes spironolactone
• Osmotic diuretic includes mannitol
• Cardiac glycoside includes digoxin
• Calcium channel blockers include diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine, and nifedipine
• HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors include atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin
• Amiodarone has multiple cardiovascular effects
• Alpha-adrenergic blocker includes terazosin
• Beta blockers include propranolol
• Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist includes clonidine
• Nitrates include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate
• Hydralazine is a direct vasodilator
• Bile sequestrants include colesevelam
• Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption
• Fibrates include gemfibrozil

Cardio II/Respiratory

• Sodium channel blockers include procainamide and quinidine
• Beta blockers include propranolol, metoprolol, and carvedilol
• Potassium blocker includes amiodarone
• Calcium channel blockers include verapamil and diltiazem
• Atropine is an anticholinergic
• Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside
• Adenosine is used for atrial fibrillation
• Anticoagulants include heparin, enoxaparin, warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban
• Antiplatelets include aspirin, clopidogrel, and ticagrelor
• Thrombolytics include alteplase (tPA)
• Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors include sildenafil and tadalafil
• Beta-2 adrenergic agonists include albuterol, formoterol, salmeterol, and terbutaline
• Methylxanthines include theophylline and aminophylline
• Anticholinergics include ipratropium and tiotropium
• Beta agonist/cholinergic antagonist combinations include albuterol/ipratropium
• Glucocorticoids include beclomethasone, fluticasone, and prednisone
• Leukotriene receptor agonists include montelukast