Drugs Combating Acute Inflammation

The primary reason is their inhibitory effect on the constitutively produced COX enzyme system, which disrupts normal physiological functions in the stomach.

Selective COX inhibitors, or Coxibs, are characterized by less or minimal gastric injury compared to traditional NSAIDs.

Proton pump inhibitors inhibit gastric acid formation, providing prophylaxis against NSAIDs-induced injuries in at-risk patients.

<p>Paracetamol primarily inhibits the COX enzyme centrally in the CNS and lacks the anti-inflammatory activity characteristic of NSAIDs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective COX inhibitors can increase thrombotic risk by inhibiting endothelial PGI2 while enhancing the effect of platelet TXA2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic use of NSAIDs can lead to serious adverse effects, so they should only be used during acute flare-ups of chronic diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding the difference is crucial because COX-1 inhibition can lead to adverse effects, while selective COX-2 inhibition may provide therapeutic benefits with fewer side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main clinical effects of NSAIDs are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandins produced by COX-2 mediate the inflammatory response, contributing to symptoms like fever and pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COX-1 is involved in producing physiologically important prostanoids that protect the gastric lining, regulate platelets, and maintain renal function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs are sometimes referred to as non-opioid analgesics to distinguish them from opioid analgesics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective COX-2 inhibitors may have less risk of serious gastrointestinal and other adverse effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs are used clinically in various inflammatory disorders, mild to moderate painful conditions, and for reducing fever.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of NSAIDs in chronic conditions is limited due to their adverse effects and the need for careful management during flare-ups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific side effect of inhibiting COX-1 is the increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid from cell membrane phospholipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins through the COX enzyme system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibiting prostaglandins can lead to adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal bleeding, renal impairment, and cardiovascular issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because corticosteroids have immunosuppressant and anti-allergic properties in addition to reducing inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COX enzymes catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids prevent the release of arachidonic acid, while NSAIDs inhibit the action of COX enzymes directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When inflammation is due to an infectious process, leading to a need for addressing both infection and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-selective COX inhibitors and selective COX inhibitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible inhibitors can dissociate from the COX enzyme, while irreversible inhibitors, like aspirin, permanently inhibit it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1, and since platelets cannot synthesize new COX-1, its effect lasts until the platelet is destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its primary use is for the prophylaxis against thrombotic events due to its antiplatelet action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketorolac is the most effective analgesic, but it is also the most gastric injurious agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ibuprofen is less effective than ketorolac but is more tolerable and has fewer adverse reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin selectively inhibits thromboxane synthesis in platelets, promoting an anti-aggregatory effect without significantly affecting prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-selective COX inhibitors have more cardiovascular hazards due to their unopposed activating effect on platelet aggregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aspirin provides analgesic effects at moderate doses and anti-inflammatory activity at high doses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conventional non-salicylate NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and diclofenac.</p> Signup and view all the answers