Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Ch. 8 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 categories of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Leukotriene inhibitors (correct)

Anti-histamines (correct)

Corticosteroids (correct)

NSAIDS (correct)

What is the difference between inflammation and infection?

Inflammation is a normal reaction of tissues to injury, while infection is caused by invading microorganisms.

What is inflammation?

A non-specific response elicited by various stimuli, providing short-term protection.

List the observable symptoms of inflammation.

Pain, swelling, heat, loss of function, redness. Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of the inflammatory response?

<ol> <li>Involves WBC and blood vessel changes; 2. Large number of WBC created; 3. Rapid cell division.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Prevent or limit tissue and blood vessel responses to injury or invasion. Signup and view all the answers

What are corticosteroids?

The most powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that can mask symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Corticosteroids function to prevent or limit inflammation by ______.

slowing or stopping inflammatory mediator production. Signup and view all the answers

What are the intended responses of corticosteroids?

Reduce redness, pain, swelling, and increase function at the site of inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the side effects of corticosteroids?

Hypertension, acne, insomnia, nervousness, increased blood glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of corticosteroids?

Adrenal gland atrophy, masking of infection, delayed wound healing. Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked before and after corticosteroid administration?

Before: dose, drug name, administration method; After: vital signs, weekly weights. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between COX-1 and COX-2?

Cox 1 is primarily beneficial, and Cox 2 is primarily harmful. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of cyclooxygenase inhibitors?

Drugs with anti-inflammatory properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of NSAIDs?

Prevent or limit tissue and blood vessel responses to injury by slowing the production of inflammatory mediators. Signup and view all the answers

What are the intended responses when using NSAIDs?

Reduced redness, pain, swelling, warmth, and increased function. Signup and view all the answers

What are some side effects and adverse effects of NSAIDs?

Side effects: bleeding, GI ulcers, retention; Adverse effects: possible kidney damage. Signup and view all the answers

What are the uses of aspirin?

Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and suppression of platelet aggregation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of aspirin?

GI bleeding, renal impairment, salicylic acid toxicity. Signup and view all the answers

What drug interactions are important with aspirin?

Warfarin, glucocorticoids, alcohol, and ibuprofen. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Categories of Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Four main categories: Corticosteroids, NSAIDs, Anti-histamines, Leukotriene inhibitors

Inflammation vs. Infection

Inflammation is a normal response of tissues and blood vessels to injury or invasion (e.g., sports injuries, pollen)
Infection occurs when microorganisms disturb the normal environment and usually causes inflammation

What is Inflammation?

Non-specific bodily response initiated by infectious agents, ischemia, or physical injury
Provides immediate but temporary protection

Observable Symptoms of Inflammation

Key symptoms include pain, swelling, heat, loss of function, and redness

Stages of Inflammatory Response

Initial stage involves white blood cells (WBC) and changes in blood vessels, leading to swelling
Increased WBC production and exudate (fluid leakage) in the second stage
Final stage includes rapid cell division, new blood vessel growth, and scar tissue formation

Function of Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Aim to prevent or limit responses to injury or invasion, enhancing comfort and minimizing tissue damage

Corticosteroids

Most potent anti-inflammatory drugs but can mask symptoms; careful monitoring required
If rapid onset is not achieved, consider using an alternative agent

Corticosteroids Function, Forms, and Routes

Work by reducing all pathways of inflammatory mediator production
Administered through various routes: oral, parenteral, inhalation, topical, joint injection, rectal, or eye drops

Intended Response of Corticosteroids

Reduce redness, pain, and swelling at the inflammation site; improve affected area functionality

Side Effects of Corticosteroids

Short term: hypertension, insomnia, acne, increased blood glucose levels
Long term: adrenal gland suppression, poorer immune function, delayed wound healing, "Cushingoid" appearance

Adverse Effects of Corticosteroids

Potential adrenal gland atrophy, infection masking, and delayed wound healing with altered infection symptoms

Corticosteroid Administration

Pre-administration checks: confirm dosage, drug name, method of administration, assess for signs of infection, and monitor BP and weight
Post-administration monitoring includes checking vital signs and weekly weight tracking
Patient education includes the importance of not discontinuing abruptly, taking the drug with food, and avoiding crowded places

NSAIDs: Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 vs. COX 2

COX 1 promotes beneficial effects like protecting the gastrointestinal tract and maintaining renal function
COX 2 is associated with harmful responses such as pain and inflammation

Classification of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Two categories:
- Drugs with anti-inflammatory properties (NSAIDs including aspirin and selective COX inhibitors like celecoxib)
- Drugs without anti-inflammatory properties (e.g., acetaminophen)

Function of NSAIDs

Limit tissue and blood vessel responses to injury by inhibiting inflammatory mediator production via COX action

Intended Responses of NSAIDs

Aim to reduce redness, pain, swelling, and fever while enhancing function at the inflammation site

Side and Adverse Effects of NSAIDs

Common side effects include bleeding, GI ulcers, pain, fluid retention, and hypertension
Adverse effects can lead to potential kidney damage or allergic reactions

Aspirin Uses

Nonselective COX inhibitor known for analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties
Uses include suppression of platelet aggregation, management of dysmenorrhea, cancer prevention, and potential Alzheimer's prevention

Aspirin Adverse Effects

Can cause GI bleeding, renal impairment, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and Reye's syndrome
Signs of aspirin toxicity include nausea and ringing in the ears

Aspirin Drug Interactions

Increased bleeding risk with warfarin, glucocorticoids, alcohol, and ibuprofen

Non-Aspirin First Generation NSAIDs

Similar to aspirin in inhibiting COX 1 and COX 2 but lead to reversible inhibition effects

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Description

Explore important concepts in Chapter 8 about anti-inflammatory drugs with these flashcards. Learn to distinguish between inflammation and infection, and familiarize yourself with the four categories of anti-inflammatory medications. This quiz is perfect for students studying pharmacology or medicine.