Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Biguanides like Metformin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Biguanides like Metformin?
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of Insulin secretagogues?
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of Insulin secretagogues?
When are Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors indicated for use?
When are Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors indicated for use?
What is a common adverse effect when using Sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibitors?
What is a common adverse effect when using Sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibitors?
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What therapeutic goal is common for managing diabetes?
What therapeutic goal is common for managing diabetes?
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Which class of medication helps to restore GLP-1 activity by mimicking its effects?
Which class of medication helps to restore GLP-1 activity by mimicking its effects?
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Which of the following statements about Metformin is false?
Which of the following statements about Metformin is false?
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Why might insulin be used for managing Type 1 diabetes?
Why might insulin be used for managing Type 1 diabetes?
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Study Notes
Drug Classes for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment
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Biguanides (Metformin): Prevent glucose production in the liver, decrease gluconeogenesis, and increase glucose uptake by muscles. Does not cause hypoglycemia. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues (abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea).
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Insulin Secretagogues: Increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by inhibiting potassium channels, leading to increased calcium entry. Risk of hypoglycemia. Side effects include jaundice, allergic skin reactions, and metallic taste.
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Glucagon-like Polypeptide (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists: Synthetic analogs of GLP-1 that bind to receptors, restoring GLP-1 activity. Increase insulin release, decrease glucagon release, and lower blood glucose. Administered by injection. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Weight loss is a possible side effect.
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors: Inhibit a serine protease, preventing the inactivation of GLP-1. Increase insulin release and lower glucagon release. Administered orally. Side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, headaches, hypoglycemia, and acute pancreatitis.
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Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter (SGLT2) Inhibitors: Antagonize the transporter protein, preventing glucose reabsorption. Administered orally. Common side effects include increased urination, low blood pressure, and weight loss.
Insulin Treatment of Diabetes
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Insulin is necessary for all Type 1 diabetes patients and for diabetic ketoacidosis. Also used for some type 2 cases
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Different types of insulin exist with varied onset and duration of action: rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting.
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Side effects: Hypoglycemia is the most dangerous complication (treatment is glucose administration, usually in liquid). Other side effects include unusual physical exertion, too high of a dose, insulin allergy and insulin resistance, symptoms such as tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, shaking, nausea, and hunger.
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Description
This quiz covers various drug classes used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, including their mechanisms, side effects, and administration methods. Test your knowledge on Biguanides, Insulin Secretagogues, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and DPP-4 Inhibitors.
