35 Questions
Which route of administration involves considering bioavailability, absorption phase, elimination phase, average serum concentration, maximum safe concentration, therapeutic range, minimum effective concentration, and duration of action of the drug?
Systemic delivery
What type of delivery offers rapid onset of action, requires less drug, and avoids unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption?
Local delivery
Which route of administration is suitable for low molecular weight compounds due to its large surface area, highly vascularized area, and avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Intranasal administration
Which type of hormones are not absorbed after oral administration and are administered systemically to mimic normal secretion?
Peptide hormones
Which route of administration is used for systemic delivery of large surface area drugs, such as inhaled insulin, to avoid the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Pulmonary route
What type of delivery aims to avoid systemic side effects when administering corticosteroids?
Local delivery
Which type of hormones have variable absorption after oral administration and extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism, requiring alternatives to the oral route for systemic delivery?
Sex hormones
What type of administration offers sustained release of drugs like testosterone through intramuscular injections and implants?
Parenteral routes
Which route of administration involves various dosage forms such as gels, pessaries, tablets, rings, and intrauterine systems for continuous release and good patient compliance?
Vaginal administration
Which hormones are administered locally through vaginal gel or pessary/tablet for a specific action of ripening the cervix?
Eicosanoid hormones
Which hormones can be administered through various routes for systemic and local delivery?
Modified amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, steroids, and eicosanoids
Which type of hormones are characterized by differences in onset, peak, and duration, and are not absorbed after oral administration?
Peptide hormones
Which factor affects the oral delivery of hormones and modification of formulations, such as sustained release?
Solubility of the drug
Which route of administration is suitable for systemic delivery of large surface area drugs, such as inhaled insulin, to avoid the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Nasal administration
Why do we have different dosage/medicinal forms?
All of the above
What type of delivery aims to avoid systemic side effects when administering corticosteroids?
Transdermal delivery
Which type of hormones are characterized by differences in onset, peak, and duration, and are not absorbed after oral administration?
Peptide hormones
Which route of administration involves considering bioavailability, absorption phase, elimination phase, average serum concentration, maximum safe concentration, therapeutic range, minimum effective concentration, and duration of action of the drug?
Oral administration
Which hormones are not absorbed after oral administration and are administered systemically to mimic normal secretion?
Thyroid hormones
Which route of administration involves various dosage forms such as gels, pessaries, tablets, rings, and intrauterine systems for continuous release and good patient compliance?
Vaginal administration
Which type of administration offers sustained release of drugs like testosterone through intramuscular injections and implants?
Intramuscular injection
Which route of administration is used for systemic delivery of low molecular weight compounds due to its large surface area, highly vascularized area, and avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Nasal administration
Which factor is crucial in affecting the oral delivery of hormones and modification of formulations such as sustained release?
Particle size of solid drug
Which route of administration is suitable for systemic delivery of large surface area drugs, such as inhaled insulin, to avoid the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Nasal administration
Which type of hormones are not absorbed after oral administration and are administered systemically to mimic normal insulin secretion?
Peptides and proteins
Which route of administration is used for systemic delivery of large surface area drugs, such as inhaled insulin, to avoid the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Intranasal
Which type of hormones have variable absorption after oral administration and extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism, requiring alternatives to the oral route for systemic delivery?
Steroids
Which type of hormones are characterized by differences in onset, peak, and duration, and are not absorbed after oral administration?
Peptides and proteins
Which route of administration offers sustained release of drugs like testosterone through intramuscular injections and implants?
Parenteral
What type of delivery aims to avoid systemic side effects when administering corticosteroids?
Local delivery
Which route of administration involves various dosage forms such as gels, pessaries, tablets, rings, and intrauterine systems for continuous release and good patient compliance?
Vaginal
Which route of administration involves considering bioavailability, absorption phase, elimination phase, average serum concentration, maximum safe concentration, therapeutic range, minimum effective concentration, and duration of action of the drug?
Systemic delivery
Which route of administration is suitable for low molecular weight compounds due to its large surface area, highly vascularized area, and avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Intranasal
Which type of hormones are administered locally through vaginal gel or pessary/tablet for a specific action of ripening the cervix?
Eicosanoids
Which route of administration is used for systemic delivery of large surface area drugs, such as inhaled insulin, to avoid the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism?
Intranasal
Study Notes
Systemic and Local Delivery of Hormones and Drugs
- Hormones can be administered systemically through various routes such as modified amino acid derivatives (e.g., dopamine, levothyroxine), peptides and proteins (e.g., neuropeptides, pituitary hormones), steroids (e.g., sex hormones, corticosteroids), and eicosanoids (e.g., prostaglandins).
- Systemic delivery involves considering the bioavailability, absorption phase, elimination phase, average serum concentration, maximum safe concentration, therapeutic range, minimum effective concentration, and duration of action of the drug.
- Local delivery of drugs offers rapid onset of action, requires less drug, and avoids unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption.
- Local delivery of corticosteroids involves various dosage forms such as intra-articular injections, creams, ointments, inhalers, eye drops, and suppositories, aiming to avoid systemic side effects.
- Peptide hormones like insulin, characterized by differences in onset, peak, and duration, are not absorbed after oral administration and are administered systemically to mimic normal insulin secretion.
- The pulmonary route is used for systemic delivery of large surface area drugs, such as inhaled insulin, which avoids the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism.
- Systemic delivery of sex hormones, which have variable absorption after oral administration and extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism, requires alternatives to the oral route such as parenteral, transdermal, intranasal, buccal, and vaginal routes.
- Parenteral routes such as intramuscular injections and implants offer sustained release of drugs like testosterone, while transdermal delivery systems offer systemic absorption of estradiol.
- Advantages of intranasal administration include a large surface area, highly vascularized area, and avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism, which is suitable for low molecular weight compounds.
- Vaginal administration, either systemic or local, involves various dosage forms such as gels, pessaries, tablets, rings, and intrauterine systems, offering continuous release and good patient compliance.
- Eicosanoid hormones, like prostaglandin E2, are administered locally through vaginal gel or pessary/tablet for a specific action of ripening the cervix.
- Different types of hormones, including modified amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, steroids, and eicosanoids, can be administered through various routes for systemic and local delivery.
Systemic and Local Delivery of Hormones and Drugs
- Hormones can be administered systemically through various routes such as modified amino acid derivatives (e.g., dopamine, levothyroxine), peptides and proteins (e.g., neuropeptides, pituitary hormones), steroids (e.g., sex hormones, corticosteroids), and eicosanoids (e.g., prostaglandins).
- Systemic delivery involves considering the bioavailability, absorption phase, elimination phase, average serum concentration, maximum safe concentration, therapeutic range, minimum effective concentration, and duration of action of the drug.
- Local delivery of drugs offers rapid onset of action, requires less drug, and avoids unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption.
- Local delivery of corticosteroids involves various dosage forms such as intra-articular injections, creams, ointments, inhalers, eye drops, and suppositories, aiming to avoid systemic side effects.
- Peptide hormones like insulin, characterized by differences in onset, peak, and duration, are not absorbed after oral administration and are administered systemically to mimic normal insulin secretion.
- The pulmonary route is used for systemic delivery of large surface area drugs, such as inhaled insulin, which avoids the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism.
- Systemic delivery of sex hormones, which have variable absorption after oral administration and extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism, requires alternatives to the oral route such as parenteral, transdermal, intranasal, buccal, and vaginal routes.
- Parenteral routes such as intramuscular injections and implants offer sustained release of drugs like testosterone, while transdermal delivery systems offer systemic absorption of estradiol.
- Advantages of intranasal administration include a large surface area, highly vascularized area, and avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism, which is suitable for low molecular weight compounds.
- Vaginal administration, either systemic or local, involves various dosage forms such as gels, pessaries, tablets, rings, and intrauterine systems, offering continuous release and good patient compliance.
- Eicosanoid hormones, like prostaglandin E2, are administered locally through vaginal gel or pessary/tablet for a specific action of ripening the cervix.
- Different types of hormones, including modified amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, steroids, and eicosanoids, can be administered through various routes for systemic and local delivery.
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