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Dr. Nada M Nass: Bacterial Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Inhibition

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Dr. Nada M Nass: Bacterial Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Inhibition

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

Causing misreading of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Inhibiting DNA replication in bacterial cells

Preventing binding of amino-acyl transfer RNA (tRNA) to the ribosome (correct)

Preventing protein synthesis by inhibiting ribosomal initiation complex formation

Which statement about tigecycline is true?

It is ineffective against Gram-positive bacteria

It retains activity against many bacteria susceptible to other tetracyclines (correct)

It has limited activity against chlamediae and rickettsiae

It works by inhibiting the formation of ribosomal initiation complex

What is the main limitation that resistance has imposed on tetracyclines?

Prevention of binding amino-acyl transfer RNA (tRNA) to the ribosome

Limited value against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (correct)

Decreased ability to cause misreading of mRNA

Reduced effectiveness against chlamydia and rickettsia

Which antibiotic acts by interfering with the action of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase?

Trimethoprim Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of bacterial folic acid synthesis?

Dihydrofolate reductase Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial species are usually susceptible to tetracyclines despite resistance seen in others?

Chlamydia, rickettsia, and mycoplasmas Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is a structural analog of para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and competes with it to bind to dihydropterote synthetase?

Sulfonamides Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable side effect associated with aminoglycosides?

Nephrotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotics exhibit potent antipseudomonal activity but have limited usefulness due to toxicity?

Polymyxins Signup and view all the answers

What type of effect arises between sulphonamides and trimethoprim when used in combination?

Synergistic effect Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic has a role in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms?

Daptomycin Signup and view all the answers

How do macrolide antibiotics act?

By interfering with the translocation of mRNA on the bacterial ribosome (binding to the 50S ribosome) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol?

Blocking the growth of peptide chain Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic has been limited in use due to the occurrence of rare but fatal side effects like aplastic anemia?

Chloramphenicol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of fusidic acid in bacterial cells?

Factor G involved in peptide elongation Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is NOT sensitive to macrolide antibiotics?

Enteric Gram-negative bacilli Signup and view all the answers

Resistance to antibiotics can arise from alterations in:

mRNA translocation on the bacterial ribosome Signup and view all the answers