DNA Extraction: Introduction and Structure

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What is the main purpose of DNA extraction?

To isolate DNA in a biological sample for further investigations (correct)

To separate proteins from DNA

To extract RNA from cells

To study the structure of DNA

Where is genomic DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus (correct)

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

What is the structure of DNA?

Double helical (correct)

Linear

Triple helical

Single-stranded

What is the purpose of coiling the long linear DNA strands into a tightly packed structure?

To fit the DNA in a very small nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecules need to be separated from DNA during the extraction process?

Proteins, RNA, and lipids Signup and view all the answers

In which field is DNA extraction particularly useful?

Forensics investigations Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA extraction allow scientists to obtain?

DNA in a relatively purified form Signup and view all the answers

Which biological samples can be used for DNA extraction in forensics investigations?

Blood, hair, and skin Signup and view all the answers

Why is DNA considered the molecule of life?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are deoxynucleotides?

Polymers that make up each strand of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cell lysis in DNA extraction?

To release genomic DNA from the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of Sodium chloride in the cell lysis solution?

To osmotically shock the cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Sodium dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in the cell lysis solution?

To destruct the cellular and nuclear membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) in the cell lysis solution?

To chelate metal ions that act as a cofactor for nucleases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Proteinase K in the cell lysis solution?

To digest histone and other proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Tris-HCL in the cell lysis solution?

To maintain pH optimum for proteinase K activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding Phenol: Chloroform: Isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) in the purification stage of DNA extraction?

To promote partitioning of proteins and lipids into the organic phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of deprotonation in DNA extraction?

To extract DNA from the protein-nucleic acid complex Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient in the cell lysis solution inhibits the function of nucleases to prevent DNA destruction?

(EDTA) Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which component promotes the partitioning of proteins and lipids into the organic phase during DNA extraction?

Phenol: Chloroform: Isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) Signup and view all the answers