DNA Extraction and Selective Breeding Quiz

Specialized proteins produced by bacteria that cut DNA at specific sequences, leaving either sticky ends or blunt ends.

A technique that creates copies of specific DNA segments using cycles of heating, cooling, and enzyme activity.

A process where DNA fragments are separated based on their size by applying an electric current through a gel matrix.

Unpaired bases at the cut sites left by certain restriction enzymes, facilitating joining of DNA fragments.

Straight cuts produced by some restriction enzymes, leaving no unpaired bases.

The use of technology with biological systems to modify or engineer products for a specific purpose.

A method used to improve specific traits in organisms by selecting parents with desirable characteristics and breeding them together.

A solution used in DNA extraction to break open cells and release DNA. It contains detergent and salt.

An enzyme used in DNA extraction to break down proteins, specifically histones, which bind to DNA, allowing for DNA isolation.

The process of purifying DNA from a sample by separating it from other cellular components.

The process of inserting a gene into the DNA of bacteria.

Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria, often used as vectors for carrying genes.

A specific sequence of DNA that is recognized by a restriction enzyme.

A technique used to create a unique DNA profile for an individual. It involves cutting DNA with enzymes, separating the fragments by size, and comparing the patterns to find matches.

A process that amplifies specific DNA sequences to produce more copies. This allows for easier analysis of the fragments.

The unique pattern of DNA fragments created by restriction enzymes and separated through gel electrophoresis. It can be used to identify individuals or determine relationships.

DNA fingerprinting is used to identify individuals by comparing their unique DNA patterns. It's like a genetic fingerprint that's unique to each person.

If two DNA samples have identical band patterns after electrophoresis, they likely came from the same person.

DNA fingerprinting can help identify missing individuals by comparing DNA samples to those of potential relatives.

DNA fingerprinting is used in forensic science to link suspects to biological evidence like blood, semen, or hair, with a high accuracy rate.

The Human Genome Project aimed to map the complete human genetic code, which includes all genes and the order of DNA bases. It's like a blueprint for a human being.

Genetically modified organisms are living things whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology.

GMOs can produce more food in a shorter amount of time, allowing them to grow in a wider range of conditions.

GMOs are engineered to resist pests, reducing the need for pesticides.

GMOs can tolerate herbicides, making weed control easier and reducing the need for manual weeding.

GMOs can introduce genes for desired traits, like increased nutrient content. For example, golden rice is engineered to have higher levels of vitamin A.

GMOs can introduce genes for growth hormones into animals, leading to faster growth rates. For example, some salmon are engineered to grow larger faster.

GMOs can cause new allergens or toxins to develop, posing potential risks to human health.

Cross-pollination between GMOs and non-GMO crops can lead to the spread of modified genes, potentially creating herbicide-resistant weeds.

A natural defense system found in bacteria that allows them to target and destroy viruses.

A technique that uses CRISPR to make precise changes to an organism's DNA sequence. It works by targeting specific DNA sequences and cutting them, allowing for the insertion, deletion, or modification of genes.

CRISPR systems can be modified to activate or repress gene expression without cutting the DNA. It's like a volume control for genes!

Genetic codes are universal, meaning that the same DNA sequence will code for the same protein in any organism, regardless of its species.

The process of transferring genes from one organism to another, often involving the use of vectors that deliver the desired gene into the recipient organism.

An organism created by inserting a 'foreign' gene from a different species into its genome. This results in the organism expressing a desired trait.

CRISPR can sometimes cut unintended DNA sequences, making it important to ensure precise targeting and minimize off-target effects.