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Questions and Answers
Which reagent is used in the Lucas Test to differentiate between types of alcohols?
Which reagent is used in the Lucas Test to differentiate between types of alcohols?
What is the expected observation when performing the Tollen's Reagent test on an aldehyde?
What is the expected observation when performing the Tollen's Reagent test on an aldehyde?
What type of compound is detected using the NaHCO3 Test?
What type of compound is detected using the NaHCO3 Test?
In the Fehling's Test, what is the resultant product observed when reducing an aldehyde?
In the Fehling's Test, what is the resultant product observed when reducing an aldehyde?
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Which test will yield a yellow precipitate specifically indicating the presence of a compound containing a CH3 group?
Which test will yield a yellow precipitate specifically indicating the presence of a compound containing a CH3 group?
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Which reaction is associated with Bayer's Test and what is the observable change?
Which reaction is associated with Bayer's Test and what is the observable change?
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What is formed when an aldehyde is reacted with Tollen's Reagent?
What is formed when an aldehyde is reacted with Tollen's Reagent?
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Which reagent is used in the AgNO2 Test for haloalkanes and what detects their presence?
Which reagent is used in the AgNO2 Test for haloalkanes and what detects their presence?
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Study Notes
Distinction Tests for Organic Compounds
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Lucas Test: Differentiates between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
- Concentrated HCl and anhydrous AlCl3 are used as reagents.
- Tertiary alcohols react immediately, forming turbidity.
- Secondary alcohols react after some time, forming turbidity.
- Primary alcohols don't react.
-
AgNO₂ Test: Distinguishes between haloalkanes and haloarenes.
- Silver nitrate (AgNO₂) is used.
- Haloalkanes form a precipitate (AgCl).
- Haloarenes don't react.
-
Tollen's Reagent: Identifies aldehydes.
- A solution of silver ammonia complex [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ is used.
- Aldehydes reduce the complex, forming a silver mirror.
- Ketones don't react.
-
Fehling's Test: Identifies aldehydes, including aromatic aldehydes.
- Copper(II) ions (Cu²⁺) in an alkaline solution are used as the reagent.
- Aldehydes reduce the Cu²⁺ ions to form a red-brown precipitate (Cu₂O).
- Ketones don't react.
-
Iodoform Test: Identifies compounds containing a methyl ketone group (CH₃CO).
- A mixture of iodine (I₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used.
- Compounds with a methyl ketone group form a yellow precipitate (CHI₃).
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NaHCO₃ Test: Distinguishes between carboxylic acids (RCOOH), phenols, and esters.
- Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is used as the reagent.
- Carboxylic acids react with NaHCO₃ to liberate CO₂.
- Phenols and esters do not react.
-
2,4-DNP Test: Identifies aldehydes and ketones.
- 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNP) is used.
- Aldehydes and ketones react with 2,4-DNP to form coloured precipitates.
-
Bayer's Test: Identifies compounds with a carbon-carbon double or triple bond.
- Bromine (Br₂) in an aqueous solution is used.
- Compounds with a carbon-carbon double or triple bond decolorize the solution.
-
Azo Dye Test: Identifies primary aromatic amines.
- A solution of nitrous acid (HNO₂) is reacted with the compound.
- An orange dye is formed and is insoluble in water (characteristic of aromatic amines).
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Description
Test your knowledge of key distinction tests used for organic compounds. This quiz covers tests like Lucas, AgNO₂, Tollen's reagent, and Fehling's test, focusing on their reagents and the types of compounds they identify. Evaluate your understanding of how these tests differ in their reactions with various organic compounds.
