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In which of the following dissociative disorders is there an inability to recall important personal information, often triggered by a stressful event?
In which of the following dissociative disorders is there an inability to recall important personal information, often triggered by a stressful event?
What is the core element that defines our sense of self and place in the world according to the text?
What is the core element that defines our sense of self and place in the world according to the text?
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of dissociative disorders?
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of dissociative disorders?
What is one of the main ways dissociative disorders impact individuals?
What is one of the main ways dissociative disorders impact individuals?
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Which statement accurately describes the memory impairment in dissociative amnesia?
Which statement accurately describes the memory impairment in dissociative amnesia?
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What is the usual trigger for the onset of dissociative amnesia?
What is the usual trigger for the onset of dissociative amnesia?
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What is the primary distinction between dissociative amnesia and typical forgetfulness?
What is the primary distinction between dissociative amnesia and typical forgetfulness?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of dissociative disorder mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of dissociative disorder mentioned in the text?
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What is the most common trigger for dissociative amnesia?
What is the most common trigger for dissociative amnesia?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dissociative fugue?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dissociative fugue?
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What is the difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue?
What is the difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue?
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What is the typical onset of dissociative identity disorder?
What is the typical onset of dissociative identity disorder?
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What is the primary personality in a person with dissociative identity disorder called?
What is the primary personality in a person with dissociative identity disorder called?
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What is the term for the sudden transition from one subpersonality to another in a person with dissociative identity disorder?
What is the term for the sudden transition from one subpersonality to another in a person with dissociative identity disorder?
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In dissociative identity disorder, what is the most common trigger for switching?
In dissociative identity disorder, what is the most common trigger for switching?
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What is the gender ratio of diagnoses for dissociative identity disorder?
What is the gender ratio of diagnoses for dissociative identity disorder?
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What is a key distinction between dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder (DID) in terms of recovery?
What is a key distinction between dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder (DID) in terms of recovery?
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What is a possible cause of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in children?
What is a possible cause of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in children?
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Which of the following therapies is NOT mentioned in the text as a potential treatment for dissociative disorders?
Which of the following therapies is NOT mentioned in the text as a potential treatment for dissociative disorders?
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How do psychodynamic therapists help individuals with dissociative disorders?
How do psychodynamic therapists help individuals with dissociative disorders?
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What is the core concept behind the suggestion that self-hypnosis can contribute to dissociative disorders?
What is the core concept behind the suggestion that self-hypnosis can contribute to dissociative disorders?
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What is the name of the episode of "The Many Sides of Jane" that discusses the question "Who Am I?"
What is the name of the episode of "The Many Sides of Jane" that discusses the question "Who Am I?"
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized theoretical perspective for dissociative disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized theoretical perspective for dissociative disorders?
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What is a key characteristic of the psychodynamic perspective on dissociative disorders?
What is a key characteristic of the psychodynamic perspective on dissociative disorders?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a potential treatment method for dissociative disorders from a psychodynamic perspective?
Which of the following is NOT considered a potential treatment method for dissociative disorders from a psychodynamic perspective?
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What is the core concept behind state-dependent learning in the context of dissociative disorders?
What is the core concept behind state-dependent learning in the context of dissociative disorders?
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Why is arousal considered relevant to state-dependent learning?
Why is arousal considered relevant to state-dependent learning?
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Why is there limited support for the psychodynamic perspective on dissociative disorders?
Why is there limited support for the psychodynamic perspective on dissociative disorders?
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Which of the following is a potential limitation of state-dependent learning as an explanation for dissociative disorders?
Which of the following is a potential limitation of state-dependent learning as an explanation for dissociative disorders?
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Which of these options best reflects the text's argument related to the different perspectives on dissociative disorders?
Which of these options best reflects the text's argument related to the different perspectives on dissociative disorders?
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What is the most common type of interaction between subpersonalities?
What is the most common type of interaction between subpersonalities?
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What is the term used to describe subpersonalities who are aware of other subpersonalities but are not aware of them in return?
What is the term used to describe subpersonalities who are aware of other subpersonalities but are not aware of them in return?
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Which aspect of a person is NOT typically affected by dissociative amnesia, according to the text?
Which aspect of a person is NOT typically affected by dissociative amnesia, according to the text?
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Which of the following is NOT a physiological difference that may exist between subpersonalities?
Which of the following is NOT a physiological difference that may exist between subpersonalities?
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What is a common argument against the validity of recovered childhood memories of abuse?
What is a common argument against the validity of recovered childhood memories of abuse?
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What is a common argument used to support the idea that DID may be unintentionally produced by practitioners?
What is a common argument used to support the idea that DID may be unintentionally produced by practitioners?
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What is the average number of subpersonalities believed to be present in women?
What is the average number of subpersonalities believed to be present in women?
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What is a common counter-argument to the idea that recovered childhood memories of abuse may be false?
What is a common counter-argument to the idea that recovered childhood memories of abuse may be false?
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Study Notes
Dissociative Disorders
- Dissociative disorders are a group of disorders triggered by traumatic events
- These disorders occur when changes in memory lack a clear physical cause, such as a neurological abnormality.
- A key feature of these disorders is that a part of the person's memory seems separated from the rest.
Dissociative Amnesia
- People with dissociative amnesia are unable to recall important information, often related to upsetting events in their lives.
- This loss of memory is more extensive than typical forgetfulness; it isn't caused by physical factors, and is often triggered by a specific upsetting event.
- All forms of amnesia affect memory of personal events and information, but encyclopedic information is typically unaffected.
- There are different types, including localized (loss of memory for a specific time period), selective (loss of specific memories from a period), generalized (loss of memory beginning with an event, extending back in time, and loss of personal identity), and continuous (forgetting into the future).
- At least 2% of adults experience this disorder annually. Many cases begin during serious threats to health and safety, and childhood abuse (especially sexual abuse) is a common trigger.
Dissociative Fugue
- This is an extreme form of amnesia, characterized by not only forgetting their personal identity and past, but also fleeing to a different location.
- Fugue can be brief (hours or days) or more severe
- Fugue originates from the Latin word for flight.
- Some individuals experience a brief fugue lasting hours or days and ends abruptly.
- More severe cases involve travel, adopting a new identity, and forming new relationships.
- The majority of people fully recover their memories and do not experience recurrence.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
- Formerly known as multiple personality disorder
- In DID, a person develops two or more distinct personalities, or subpersonalities.
- Each subpersonality has its own unique set of memories, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions.
- Typically, one subpersonality (the primary or host personality) is dominant at any given time.
- The transition between subpersonalities (switching) is usually sudden and can be dramatic.
- Onset is typically before age 5
- The average number of subpersonalities is now thought to be 15 for women and 8 for men.
- Subpersonalities can interact in several ways
- Mutually amnesic: subpersonalities have no awareness of each other
- Mutually cognizant: each subpersonality is aware of the others
- One-way amnesic: some subpersonalities are aware of others, but the awareness isn't mutual, where those aware are referred to as "quiet observers"
- Subpersonalities can differ dramatically in their characteristics, including age, sex, race, and family history.
- Physiological differences in autonomic nervous system activity, blood pressure level, evoked potentials, and allergies can occur between subpersonalities
- Subpersonalities can impact behavior patterns, and preferences
Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder (DPDR)
- Characterized by a persistent and recurrent experience of depersonalization and/or derealization.
- Depersonalization involves a change in one's experience of oneself, such as feeling unreal or detached, and mental or body functioning feeling like it's separated
- Derealization involves a feeling that surroundings are unreal or detached.
- Effects about 2% of the population, most often seen in adolescents and young adults.
- Primarily triggered by extreme fatigue, physical pain, intense stress, substance abuse recovery, or survivors of life-threatening situations.
- Symptoms can be chronic.
- Relatively common, though the disorder itself is not.
Treatments
- Treatment for dissociative amnesia is often more successful compared to DID
- Standard treatments for dissociative disorders include psychodynamic therapy, hypnotic therapy, and drug therapy.
- Psychodynamic therapists guide patients to explore their unconscious and bring back forgotten experiences into consciousness
- Treatments for DID include helping the client recognize and understand their disorder, recovering lost memories, integrating subpersonalities into one functional personality, and ongoing therapy for maintaining an integrated personality.
Additional Notes
- Claims of repressed childhood memories of abuse have declined in recent years.
- Some clinicians still question whether DID is a legitimate diagnosis.
- Research suggests effective treatments frequently combine biological, cognitive-behavioral, family, and group interventions
- The current focus on trauma and stress may lead to overdiagnosis of PTSD and related disorders such as DID.
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Description
Test your understanding of dissociative disorders, particularly dissociative amnesia. This quiz covers definitions, key features, and types of memory loss associated with traumatic events. Explore how these disorders affect individuals' memories.
