Dissociative Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with conversion disorder?

  • Hysterical blindness
  • Excessive concern about physical symptoms (correct)
  • Tremors and tics
  • Selective loss of function

    • Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the predisposition for illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)?

  • Parental attention on somatic symptoms
  • Increased sensitivity to bodily symptoms
  • Higher pain threshold (correct)
  • History of physical illness

    • What is a key criterion for diagnosing somatic symptom disorder?

  • One or more somatic symptom that are distressing and disruptive (correct)
  • Symptoms must be physically observable
  • Symptoms must last only a few weeks
  • Presence of multiple chronic illnesses

    • What defines the onset of illness anxiety disorder in terms of age?

    <p>After the age of 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of conversion disorder symptoms includes 'hysterical blindness'?

    <p>Sensory symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 'sick role' play in the behavioral perspective of somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder?

    <p>It reinforces maladaptive behaviors and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the neurobiological perspective on conversion disorder is accurate?

    <p>Involves the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a visceral symptom in conversion disorder?

    <p>Choking sensations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of dissociative disorders?

    <p>Disturbances in memory due to psychological factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amnesia involves memory loss for specific events?

    <p>Localised amnesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly experienced in depersonalisation disorder?

    <p>Feelings of unreality of self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that dissociative identity disorder may stem from childhood abuse?

    <p>Post traumatic model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment method is associated with the psychodynamic perspective for dissociative disorders?

    <p>Hypnosis to unearth alters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dissociative identity disorder, which term describes the original personality?

    <p>Host personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway proposed by Ross in the etiology of dissociative disorders relates to the influence of therapists' suggestions?

    <p>Iatrogenic pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antianxiety and antidepressant medications in treating dissociative disorders?

    <p>Help in managing anxiety and depression symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

    • Disturbances in memory, consciousness, or identity caused by psychological factors, with no organic brain damage.
    • Three primary disorders:
      • Amnesia
      • Depersonalisation Disorder
      • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

    AMNESIA

    • Four major types of amnesia:
      • Localized Amnesia: loss of memory for a specific event or time period.
      • Selective Amnesia: memory loss for certain aspects of an event.
      • Generalized Amnesia: total loss of memory.
      • Continuous Amnesia: inability to recall events from a certain point forward.
    • Dissociative Fugue involves sudden departure, adopting a new identity, and explicit memory deficits.
    • Memory loss not attributed to brain injury, substance abuse, or dementia.

    DEPERSONALISATION DISORDER

    • Most common dissociative disorder characterized by feelings of unreality regarding self and surroundings.
    • Symptoms include loss of sense of self and feelings of detachment from mind, body, or environment.
    • Often begins in adolescence; can co-occur with schizophrenia, PTSD, borderline personality disorder, and panic attacks.

    DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (DID)

    • Features two or more distinct personalities or alters, each with their own way of thinking, feeling, and acting.
    • The original personality is the host, while others are alter personalities.
    • Typically begins in childhood and is diagnosed in early adulthood.
    • Increased documented cases follow literature on DID.

    ETIOLOGY OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

    • Psychoanalytic Theory: Focuses on repression as a defense mechanism.
    • Behavioral/Learning Theory: Emphasizes role play and selective attention.
    • Two major models influencing the development of DID:
      • Post-Traumatic Model: Links childhood abuse to dissociative symptoms.
      • Sociocognitive Model: Suggests that social roles and therapist suggestions contribute to the disorder.
    • Biological factors include:
      • Research indicates changes in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe.
      • Different EEG activity among personalities reflects distinct neurological activity.
    • Somatic symptoms have no clear physical or organic cause.
    • Includes Somatic Symptom Disorder and Illness Anxiety Disorder (hypochondriasis).
    • Conversion Disorder: Previously termed hysteria, involves neurological symptomatology without physiological origin.

    SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDER CRITERIA

    • Presence of one or more distressing somatic symptoms.
    • Excessive anxiety or concern over symptoms lasting over six months.
    • Frequent doctor visits and complaints of various physical discomforts.

    ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER (HYPOCHONDRIASIS)

    • Typically develops after age 30; not focused on specific symptoms.
    • Hypersensitivity to bodily functioning can stem from predisposing factors, such as history of physical illness or parental attention to somatic concerns.

    CONVERSION DISORDER

    • Symptoms categorized into three groups:
      • Sensory symptoms: e.g., anesthesia, paresthesia, hysterical blindness.
      • Motor symptoms: e.g., conversion paralysis, tremors, aphonia.
      • Visceral symptoms: e.g., choking sensations, coughing spells.
    • Historically common during warfare; influenced by psychoanalytic, behavioral, and sociocultural perspectives.

    ETIOLOGY OF CONVERSION DISORDER

    • Psychoanalytic perspective: Focuses on underlying conflicts that manifest as physical symptoms.
    • Behavioral perspective: Reinforcement of sick role behavior can perpetuate conversion symptoms.
    • Sociocultural factors: Societal restrictions and economic status might increase vulnerability.
    • Neurobiological perspective: Higher arousal levels and specific brain regions linked to emotional processing are associated with symptoms.

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    Description

    Explore the key aspects of dissociative disorders, including types like amnesia, depersonalization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder (DID). This quiz delves into various memory disturbances and psychological factors that contribute to these conditions. Test your understanding of the symptoms and definitions associated with dissociative experiences.

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