29 Questions
What is the main function of acetyl CoA in metabolism?
To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
Which metabolic pathway involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate?
Glycolysis
In which form is energy stored in skeletal muscle when aerobic oxidation is insufficient?
Triacylglycerols (TAG)
What are the reducing equivalents produced during catabolism used for?
To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
Which molecule serves as a key component in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
Acetyl CoA
What is the primary function of glycolysis in the body?
Break down glucose to provide energy
What are the symptoms of Carnitine deficiency?
Hypoglycemia, raised plasma FFA, muscle weakness, and lipid accumulation
What is the treatment for Carnitine deficiency?
Oral supplementation of carnitine
What is the main symptom of Jamaican Vomiting Sickness?
Inhibition of β-oxidation
How does hepatic CPT I deficiency manifest?
Raised plasma FFA
What causes Zellweger's Syndrome?
Inherited defect in α-oxidation
Which enzyme is a sensitive indicator of myocardial ischemia and is useful in subendocardial infarction?
Lactate dehydrogenase (LH)
What is the effect of competitive inhibitors on enzymes' substrate affinity?
Decreases the substrate affinity
Which enzyme competes with succinate to bind with the active site of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme?
Malonate
In chemotherapy, which compound can inhibit 6-mercaptopurine during organ transplantation to suppress immunologic rejection?
Azathioprine
What is the role of Cardiac Troponin (CT) in early detection of myocardial infarction?
Reduces substrate affinity
Which enzyme catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvic acid and lactic acid?
Lactate dehydrogenase (LH)
What is the primary cause of gout?
Increased levels of uric acid in blood and accumulation of uric acid in joints
What is the primary difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones?
Steroid hormones bind to receptors inside the cell, while peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface
What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
Depression of the respiratory center in the brain or paralysis of respiratory muscles
How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
By hypoventilation to retain CO2 and increase carbonic acid
What substance acts to resist pH changes when strong acid or base is added?
Buffers
Which of the following is not a component of liver function tests?
Tests for kidney function
How does 6-thioguanine (6-TG) disrupt normal DNA replication and transcription?
6-TG can be incorporated into the growing DNA chain in place of guanine, leading to abnormal base pairing and DNA distortions.
What is the mechanism by which 6-thioguanine (6-TG) can lead to programmed cell death (apoptosis)?
The incorporation of 6-TG into DNA triggers cellular responses that can lead to apoptosis.
How does 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibit cell growth?
5-FU incorporates with uracil and stops DNA replication, preventing cell division.
How does the incorporation of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) into DNA lead to DNA strand breaks?
DNA polymerases may have difficulty accurately replicating DNA containing 6-TG, leading to errors and DNA strand breaks.
What is the primary mechanism by which 6-thioguanine (6-TG) disrupts nucleic acid synthesis?
6-TG interferes with purine synthesis, which is necessary for DNA replication and transcription.
What is the primary way in which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits cell growth?
5-FU incorporates with uracil and stops DNA replication, preventing cell division.
Learn about the disorder associated with nucleic acid chemotherapy of cancer, focusing on the effects of 6-thioguanine on DNA replication and structure. Understand how 6-TG can be incorporated into the DNA chain, leading to abnormal base pairing and structural distortions.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
