Disorder Associated with Nucleic Acid Chemotherapy of Cancer

What is the main function of acetyl CoA in metabolism?

To synthesize DNA molecules
To transport electrons in the respiratory chain
To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (correct)
To store excess water in cells

Which metabolic pathway involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate?

Glycolysis (correct)
Citric acid cycle
Lipogenesis
Beta-oxidation

In which form is energy stored in skeletal muscle when aerobic oxidation is insufficient?

Amino acids
Triacylglycerols (TAG) (correct)
Glycogen
Phospholipids

What are the reducing equivalents produced during catabolism used for?

To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule serves as a key component in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

Acetyl CoA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycolysis in the body?

Break down glucose to provide energy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of Carnitine deficiency?

Hypoglycemia, raised plasma FFA, muscle weakness, and lipid accumulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Carnitine deficiency?

Oral supplementation of carnitine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of Jamaican Vomiting Sickness?

Inhibition of β-oxidation (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does hepatic CPT I deficiency manifest?

Raised plasma FFA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What causes Zellweger's Syndrome?

Inherited defect in α-oxidation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is a sensitive indicator of myocardial ischemia and is useful in subendocardial infarction?

Lactate dehydrogenase (LH) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of competitive inhibitors on enzymes' substrate affinity?

Decreases the substrate affinity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme competes with succinate to bind with the active site of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme?

Malonate (C) Signup and view all the answers

In chemotherapy, which compound can inhibit 6-mercaptopurine during organ transplantation to suppress immunologic rejection?

Azathioprine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cardiac Troponin (CT) in early detection of myocardial infarction?

Reduces substrate affinity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvic acid and lactic acid?

Lactate dehydrogenase (LH) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of gout?

Increased levels of uric acid in blood and accumulation of uric acid in joints (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

Steroid hormones bind to receptors inside the cell, while peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

Depression of the respiratory center in the brain or paralysis of respiratory muscles (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

By hypoventilation to retain CO2 and increase carbonic acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

What substance acts to resist pH changes when strong acid or base is added?

Buffers (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a component of liver function tests?

Tests for kidney function (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does 6-thioguanine (6-TG) disrupt normal DNA replication and transcription?

6-TG can be incorporated into the growing DNA chain in place of guanine, leading to abnormal base pairing and DNA distortions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which 6-thioguanine (6-TG) can lead to programmed cell death (apoptosis)?

The incorporation of 6-TG into DNA triggers cellular responses that can lead to apoptosis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibit cell growth?

5-FU incorporates with uracil and stops DNA replication, preventing cell division. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the incorporation of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) into DNA lead to DNA strand breaks?

DNA polymerases may have difficulty accurately replicating DNA containing 6-TG, leading to errors and DNA strand breaks. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which 6-thioguanine (6-TG) disrupts nucleic acid synthesis?

6-TG interferes with purine synthesis, which is necessary for DNA replication and transcription. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way in which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits cell growth?