Disorder Associated with Nucleic Acid Chemotherapy of Cancer
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of acetyl CoA in metabolism?

  • To synthesize DNA molecules
  • To transport electrons in the respiratory chain
  • To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (correct)
  • To store excess water in cells
  • Which metabolic pathway involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate?

  • Glycolysis (correct)
  • Citric acid cycle
  • Lipogenesis
  • Beta-oxidation
  • In which form is energy stored in skeletal muscle when aerobic oxidation is insufficient?

  • Amino acids
  • Triacylglycerols (TAG) (correct)
  • Glycogen
  • Phospholipids
  • What are the reducing equivalents produced during catabolism used for?

    <p>To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule serves as a key component in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

    <p>Acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycolysis in the body?

    <p>Break down glucose to provide energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of Carnitine deficiency?

    <p>Hypoglycemia, raised plasma FFA, muscle weakness, and lipid accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Carnitine deficiency?

    <p>Oral supplementation of carnitine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of Jamaican Vomiting Sickness?

    <p>Inhibition of β-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hepatic CPT I deficiency manifest?

    <p>Raised plasma FFA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Zellweger's Syndrome?

    <p>Inherited defect in α-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is a sensitive indicator of myocardial ischemia and is useful in subendocardial infarction?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of competitive inhibitors on enzymes' substrate affinity?

    <p>Decreases the substrate affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme competes with succinate to bind with the active site of succinate dehydrogenase enzyme?

    <p>Malonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chemotherapy, which compound can inhibit 6-mercaptopurine during organ transplantation to suppress immunologic rejection?

    <p>Azathioprine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Cardiac Troponin (CT) in early detection of myocardial infarction?

    <p>Reduces substrate affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvic acid and lactic acid?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gout?

    <p>Increased levels of uric acid in blood and accumulation of uric acid in joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

    <p>Steroid hormones bind to receptors inside the cell, while peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Depression of the respiratory center in the brain or paralysis of respiratory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>By hypoventilation to retain CO2 and increase carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance acts to resist pH changes when strong acid or base is added?

    <p>Buffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a component of liver function tests?

    <p>Tests for kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does 6-thioguanine (6-TG) disrupt normal DNA replication and transcription?

    <p>6-TG can be incorporated into the growing DNA chain in place of guanine, leading to abnormal base pairing and DNA distortions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which 6-thioguanine (6-TG) can lead to programmed cell death (apoptosis)?

    <p>The incorporation of 6-TG into DNA triggers cellular responses that can lead to apoptosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibit cell growth?

    <p>5-FU incorporates with uracil and stops DNA replication, preventing cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the incorporation of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) into DNA lead to DNA strand breaks?

    <p>DNA polymerases may have difficulty accurately replicating DNA containing 6-TG, leading to errors and DNA strand breaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which 6-thioguanine (6-TG) disrupts nucleic acid synthesis?

    <p>6-TG interferes with purine synthesis, which is necessary for DNA replication and transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way in which 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits cell growth?

    <p>5-FU incorporates with uracil and stops DNA replication, preventing cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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