Diseases of Oral Cavity & Esophagus
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about pleomorphic adenoma is true?

  • It has a bounce recurrence rate of up to 25% with enucleation. (correct)
  • Malignant transformation occurs immediately after diagnosis.
  • It is the second most common parotid tumor.
  • It is always encapsulated with no tongue-like protrusions.

What is the likelihood of malignancy in salivary gland tumors ranked from highest to lowest?

  • Parotid > Sublingual > Submandibular
  • Sublingual > Submandibular > Parotid (correct)
  • Submandibular > Parotid > Sublingual
  • Sublingual > Parotid > Submandibular

Which of the following tumor types is characterized by the mixture of squamous and mucus cells?

  • Mucoepidermoid tumor (correct)
  • Pleomorphic adenoma
  • Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  • Warthin tumor

Warthin tumor is characterized by which of the following features?

<p>It features rounded masses with cleft-like spaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about adenoid cystic carcinoma is accurate?

<p>It often presents with a solid or cribriform pattern. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is classified as a hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm?

<p>Odontoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a malignant tumor of odontogenic origin?

<p>Ameloblastic fibroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common inflammatory lesion of the salivary gland?

<p>Mucocoele (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tumors arises from both odontogenic epithelium and ectomesenchyme?

<p>Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major salivary gland is primarily affected by sialolithiasis?

<p>Submandibular gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of orofacial herpes infections?

<p>HSV-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by superficial ulcerations of the oral mucosa that heal spontaneously?

<p>Apthous ulcers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency is associated with a beefy-red tongue and atrophy of papillae?

<p>Iron deficiency (A), Vitamin B12 deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common fungal infection seen in the oral cavity?

<p>Oral candidiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hairy leukoplakia is primarily associated with which virus?

<p>Epstein-Barr virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of diphtheria in the oral cavity?

<p>Gray-white exudative membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with which condition are most at risk for opportunistic oral infections?

<p>Human immunodeficiency virus infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dermatologic condition can have oral manifestations including mucosal lesions?

<p>Lichen planus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What histological features can be observed in leukoplakia?

<p>Hyperkeratosis to severe dysplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity?

<p>Chewing gum regularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with erythroplakia compared to leukoplakia?

<p>Erythroplakia frequently shows dysplasia to early cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about leukoplakia is accurate?

<p>Histologic evaluation is required to confirm the precancerous nature of leukoplakia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of the tongue in scarlet fever?

<p>Fiery red tongue with prominent papillae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location is NOT commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?

<p>Upper lip (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is ameloblastoma classified as?

<p>A true neoplasm, primarily benign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by reticulate, lacelike, white keratotic lesions in the oral cavity?

<p>Lichen planus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site is least likely to be affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?

<p>Lining of the nasal cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates bullous pemphigoid from pemphigus when examining oral lesions?

<p>Histological appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of leukoplakia according to the World Health Organization?

<p>A white patch that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is associated with which type of eruption in the oral mucosa?

<p>Bullous eruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is signified by the presence of a white plaque that cannot be removed by scraping?

<p>Leukoplakia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oral manifestation associated with phenytoin (Dilantin) ingestion?

<p>Fibrous enlargement of the gingivae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pancytopenia can lead to several severe oral infections. What is one of these infections?

<p>Gingivitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is characterized by multiple aneurysmal telangiectasias appearing from birth?

<p>Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Herpes Simplex Infections (Oral)

Common viral infections causing cold sores, oral ulcers and vesicles. Most often caused by HSV-1.

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

A fungal infection of the mouth. Characterized by white patches. Often seen in individuals with suppressed immune systems (e.g., diabetics, HIV patients).

Apthous Ulcers

Small, painful sores in the mouth. Usually heal on their own, but can recur. A bit of discomfort.

Glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue, often appearing red and swollen. Usually caused by deficiency.

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Hairy Leukoplakia

A white patch on the tongue, often found in immunocompromised people. Associated with Epstein-Barr virus.

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Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease

Certain diseases can affect the mouth. Examples are infections like measles or systemic conditions.

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Diphtheria (oral)

A serious infection causing a thick gray-white membrane in the throat and mouth.

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Oral manifestations of HIV infection

HIV can lead to opportunistic infections affecting the mouth, such as herpesvirus, candida infections and Kaposi sarcoma.

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Odontoma

A common odontogenic tumor formed from epithelium with enamel and dentin depositions. It's likely a hamartoma (abnormal growth) rather than a true cancer, cured by surgical removal.

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Ameloblastoma

A benign tumor of the odontogenic epithelium, typically slow-growing and locally invasive, but usually with a good prognosis.

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Sialadenitis

Inflammation of the salivary glands. It can be caused by infections, obstructions, or autoimmune disorders.

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Mumps

A viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, causing swelling and pain, especially in the parotid glands.

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Sialolithiasis

The formation of salivary gland stones (calculi) that can block the flow of saliva, leading to pain and swelling.

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Leukoplakia

A white patch in the mouth that can't be scraped off and isn't another disease.

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Erythroplakia

A red, velvety area in the mouth, often with dysplasia (pre-cancer).

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Oral Cancer

Cancer that affects the mouth, often related to smoking and alcohol.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Common type of oral cancer, often ulcerating with raised edges.

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Precancerous lesion

A change in the cells of the oral cavity that might turn cancerous.

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Risk factors (Oral Cancer)

Things that increase oral cancer chances (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, betel quid).

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Oral cavity

The mouth and the area around it in the human body.

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Scarlet Fever Oral Manifestations

Characterized by a fiery red tongue with prominent papillae (raspberry tongue) or a white-coated tongue with visible hyperemic papillae (strawberry tongue).

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Measles Oral Manifestations

Often begins with a spotty enanthema (inner mouth rash) that precedes the skin rash. Ulcers on the inner cheek near Stensen's duct may show Koplik spots.

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Oral Lichen Planus

White, reticulate (net-like) or lace-like keratotic lesions in the mouth. Can be a primary manifestation or part of a widespread skin condition.

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Oral Pemphigus

Oral blisters (vesicles and bullae) that rupture, leading to open sores (erosions) covered with fluid.

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Oral Manifestations of Leukemia

Depleted neutrophils might cause similar oral problems/inflammation seen as in pancytopenia, while monocytic leukemia can cause gingiva enlargement with periodontitis.

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Oral Phenytoin (Dilantin) side effect

Can cause significant gingival overgrowth (fibrous enlargement).

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Oral Leukoplakia

A white patch in the mouth that cannot be scraped away. Suspected of being precancerous

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Oral Erythroplakia

A red, velvety patch in the mouth. More concerning than leukoplakia as for mouth cancer potential

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Salivary Gland Tumors

Tumors arising in the salivary glands, most commonly in the parotid gland.

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Pleomorphic Adenoma

The most common type of benign salivary gland tumor, characterized by a mix of epithelial and mesenchymal cells.

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Warthin Tumor

The second most common type of benign salivary gland tumor, characterized by a rounded mass with cleft-like spaces and lymphoid stroma.

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Mucoepidermoid Tumor

The most common malignant salivary gland tumor, composed of a mixture of squamous and mucus cells.

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Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

A malignant salivary gland tumor characterized by small dark cells in a cribriform pattern, known for perineural invasion and frequent recurrence.

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Study Notes

Diseases of Oral Cavity & Esophagus

  • Oral Cavity Infections:
    • Herpes Simplex Infections:
      • Most orofacial herpes caused by HSV-1
      • Common, mild cold sores
      • Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (vesicles and ulceration of oral cavity)
      • Recurrent herpetic stomatitis
    • Apthous Ulcers:
      • Common superficial ulcerations of oral mucosa
      • Single or multiple, shallow ulcerations
      • Heal spontaneously, often recurrent
      • More painful than serious
      • Glossitis (beefy-red tongue) seen in deficiency states
      • Atrophy of papillae and thin mucosa are seen in deficiencies of vitamin B12, iron deficiency
    • Oral Candidiasis (Thrush):
      • Superficial white patches or fluffy membrane
      • Matted organisms within fibrinosuppurative exudate
      • Easily detached, reddened underlying surface
      • Commonest fungal infection in oral cavity
      • Occurs in individuals who are diabetic, neutropenic and immuno-compromised (e.g., HIV)
    • Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases:
      • Hairy Leukoplakia: Seen in immunocompromised patients (esp. HIV) White fluffy thickenings on lateral parts of tongue. Epstein-Barr virus is present in most cases – cause. Infections (Measles, Koplik spots, infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria) and Dermatologic conditions (Lichen planus, pemphigus, erythema multiforme, including Steven-Johnson syndrome)
      • Other oral manifestations:
        • Hematologic disorders (Pancytopenia, monocytic leukemia, leukemia) -Miscellaneous (melanotic pigmentation, phenytoin ingestion, pregnancy, fibrous enlargement of gingivae called pregnancy tumor, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome) -Oral Manifestations of Some Systemic Diseases (oral cavity): Acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis can cause a gray-white exudative membrane, enlargement of lymph nodes (in neck), diphtheria (dirty white, tough, inflammatory membrane over tonsils & retropharynx).
      • Oral Manifestations of Some Systemic Diseases: Infections (Measles, Koplik spots, infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria), Dermatologic conditions (Lichen planus, pemphigus, erythema multiforme including Steven-Johnson syndrome), other – Scarlet fever (fiery red tongue with prominent papillae, raspberry tongue, white coated tongue with hyperemic papillae projecting through it – strawberry tongue), Measles (spotty enanthema in oral cavity often precedes rash, ulcerations on buccal mucosa about Stensen's duct produce Koplik spots), Infectious mononucleosis.

Tumors and Precancerous Lesions

  • Tumors:
    • Papillomas, hemangiomas, lymphomas may also occur elsewhere in body, squamous cancer and its precancerous lesions are limited to oral cavity
  • Precancerous lesions:
    • Leukoplakia:
      • White patches or plaques that cannot be scraped off
      • Not other diseases (e.g., lichen planus, candidiasis)
      • Usually premalignant (3-25%)
    • Erythroplakia:
      • Red velvety, possibly eroded areas
      • Often more serious than leukoplakia (serious usually more ominous)
      • In oral cavity, often associated with dysplasia

Odontogenic Tumors

  • A complex group of lesions that may be true neoplasms or hamartomas arising from odontogenic epithelium , ectomesenchyme or both -Ameloblastoma: Originates from odontogenic epithelium, is commonly cystic, slow-growing, and locally invasive, most cases are benign.
    • Odontoma: The most common, arises from epithelium, extensive deposits of enamel and dentin, likely a hamartoma, cured by local excision

Salivary Glands

  • Inflammation:
    • Sialadenitis (inflammation of salivary glands), Mucocele, Blockage or rupture of salivary glands duct
  • Sialolithiasis/sialadenitis:
    • Viral (Mumps)
    • Bacterial (secondary to ductal obstruction by stones)
    • Autoimmune (Sjogren's Syndrome)
  • Tumors:
    • Benign:
      • Pleomorphic adenoma (most common parotid tumour)
      • Warthin tumor (Adenolymphoma)
    • Malignant:
      • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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Oral Cavity and Esophagus PDF

Description

Explore the various diseases affecting the oral cavity and esophagus in this quiz. Learn about oral infections such as herpes simplex, aphthous ulcers, and oral candidiasis. This quiz provides insights into symptoms, causes, and treatment options for common conditions.

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