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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about pleomorphic adenoma is true?
Which of the following statements about pleomorphic adenoma is true?
What is the likelihood of malignancy in salivary gland tumors ranked from highest to lowest?
What is the likelihood of malignancy in salivary gland tumors ranked from highest to lowest?
Which of the following tumor types is characterized by the mixture of squamous and mucus cells?
Which of the following tumor types is characterized by the mixture of squamous and mucus cells?
Warthin tumor is characterized by which of the following features?
Warthin tumor is characterized by which of the following features?
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Which statement about adenoid cystic carcinoma is accurate?
Which statement about adenoid cystic carcinoma is accurate?
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Which type of tumor is classified as a hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm?
Which type of tumor is classified as a hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a malignant tumor of odontogenic origin?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a malignant tumor of odontogenic origin?
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What is the most common inflammatory lesion of the salivary gland?
What is the most common inflammatory lesion of the salivary gland?
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Which of the following tumors arises from both odontogenic epithelium and ectomesenchyme?
Which of the following tumors arises from both odontogenic epithelium and ectomesenchyme?
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Which major salivary gland is primarily affected by sialolithiasis?
Which major salivary gland is primarily affected by sialolithiasis?
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What is the primary cause of orofacial herpes infections?
What is the primary cause of orofacial herpes infections?
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Which condition is characterized by superficial ulcerations of the oral mucosa that heal spontaneously?
Which condition is characterized by superficial ulcerations of the oral mucosa that heal spontaneously?
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Which deficiency is associated with a beefy-red tongue and atrophy of papillae?
Which deficiency is associated with a beefy-red tongue and atrophy of papillae?
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What is the most common fungal infection seen in the oral cavity?
What is the most common fungal infection seen in the oral cavity?
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Hairy leukoplakia is primarily associated with which virus?
Hairy leukoplakia is primarily associated with which virus?
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Which symptom is characteristic of diphtheria in the oral cavity?
Which symptom is characteristic of diphtheria in the oral cavity?
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Individuals with which condition are most at risk for opportunistic oral infections?
Individuals with which condition are most at risk for opportunistic oral infections?
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Which dermatologic condition can have oral manifestations including mucosal lesions?
Which dermatologic condition can have oral manifestations including mucosal lesions?
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What histological features can be observed in leukoplakia?
What histological features can be observed in leukoplakia?
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Which of the following factors is NOT associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity?
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What is the main concern with erythroplakia compared to leukoplakia?
What is the main concern with erythroplakia compared to leukoplakia?
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Which of the following statements about leukoplakia is accurate?
Which of the following statements about leukoplakia is accurate?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the tongue in scarlet fever?
What is the characteristic appearance of the tongue in scarlet fever?
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Which location is NOT commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
Which location is NOT commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
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What type of tumor is ameloblastoma classified as?
What type of tumor is ameloblastoma classified as?
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Which condition is characterized by reticulate, lacelike, white keratotic lesions in the oral cavity?
Which condition is characterized by reticulate, lacelike, white keratotic lesions in the oral cavity?
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Which site is least likely to be affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
Which site is least likely to be affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
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What differentiates bullous pemphigoid from pemphigus when examining oral lesions?
What differentiates bullous pemphigoid from pemphigus when examining oral lesions?
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What is the definition of leukoplakia according to the World Health Organization?
What is the definition of leukoplakia according to the World Health Organization?
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome is associated with which type of eruption in the oral mucosa?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is associated with which type of eruption in the oral mucosa?
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What condition is signified by the presence of a white plaque that cannot be removed by scraping?
What condition is signified by the presence of a white plaque that cannot be removed by scraping?
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What is the oral manifestation associated with phenytoin (Dilantin) ingestion?
What is the oral manifestation associated with phenytoin (Dilantin) ingestion?
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Pancytopenia can lead to several severe oral infections. What is one of these infections?
Pancytopenia can lead to several severe oral infections. What is one of these infections?
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Which syndrome is characterized by multiple aneurysmal telangiectasias appearing from birth?
Which syndrome is characterized by multiple aneurysmal telangiectasias appearing from birth?
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Study Notes
Diseases of Oral Cavity & Esophagus
- Oral Cavity Infections:
- Herpes Simplex Infections:
- Most orofacial herpes caused by HSV-1
- Common, mild cold sores
- Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (vesicles and ulceration of oral cavity)
- Recurrent herpetic stomatitis
- Apthous Ulcers:
- Common superficial ulcerations of oral mucosa
- Single or multiple, shallow ulcerations
- Heal spontaneously, often recurrent
- More painful than serious
- Glossitis (beefy-red tongue) seen in deficiency states
- Atrophy of papillae and thin mucosa are seen in deficiencies of vitamin B12, iron deficiency
- Oral Candidiasis (Thrush):
- Superficial white patches or fluffy membrane
- Matted organisms within fibrinosuppurative exudate
- Easily detached, reddened underlying surface
- Commonest fungal infection in oral cavity
- Occurs in individuals who are diabetic, neutropenic and immuno-compromised (e.g., HIV)
- Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases:
- Hairy Leukoplakia: Seen in immunocompromised patients (esp. HIV) White fluffy thickenings on lateral parts of tongue. Epstein-Barr virus is present in most cases – cause. Infections (Measles, Koplik spots, infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria) and Dermatologic conditions (Lichen planus, pemphigus, erythema multiforme, including Steven-Johnson syndrome)
- Other oral manifestations:
- Hematologic disorders (Pancytopenia, monocytic leukemia, leukemia) -Miscellaneous (melanotic pigmentation, phenytoin ingestion, pregnancy, fibrous enlargement of gingivae called pregnancy tumor, Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome) -Oral Manifestations of Some Systemic Diseases (oral cavity): Acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis can cause a gray-white exudative membrane, enlargement of lymph nodes (in neck), diphtheria (dirty white, tough, inflammatory membrane over tonsils & retropharynx).
- Oral Manifestations of Some Systemic Diseases: Infections (Measles, Koplik spots, infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria), Dermatologic conditions (Lichen planus, pemphigus, erythema multiforme including Steven-Johnson syndrome), other – Scarlet fever (fiery red tongue with prominent papillae, raspberry tongue, white coated tongue with hyperemic papillae projecting through it – strawberry tongue), Measles (spotty enanthema in oral cavity often precedes rash, ulcerations on buccal mucosa about Stensen's duct produce Koplik spots), Infectious mononucleosis.
- Herpes Simplex Infections:
Tumors and Precancerous Lesions
- Tumors:
- Papillomas, hemangiomas, lymphomas may also occur elsewhere in body, squamous cancer and its precancerous lesions are limited to oral cavity
- Precancerous lesions:
- Leukoplakia:
- White patches or plaques that cannot be scraped off
- Not other diseases (e.g., lichen planus, candidiasis)
- Usually premalignant (3-25%)
- Erythroplakia:
- Red velvety, possibly eroded areas
- Often more serious than leukoplakia (serious usually more ominous)
- In oral cavity, often associated with dysplasia
- Leukoplakia:
Odontogenic Tumors
- A complex group of lesions that may be true neoplasms or hamartomas arising from odontogenic epithelium , ectomesenchyme or both
-Ameloblastoma: Originates from odontogenic epithelium, is commonly cystic, slow-growing, and locally invasive, most cases are benign.
- Odontoma: The most common, arises from epithelium, extensive deposits of enamel and dentin, likely a hamartoma, cured by local excision
Salivary Glands
- Inflammation:
- Sialadenitis (inflammation of salivary glands), Mucocele, Blockage or rupture of salivary glands duct
- Sialolithiasis/sialadenitis:
- Viral (Mumps)
- Bacterial (secondary to ductal obstruction by stones)
- Autoimmune (Sjogren's Syndrome)
- Tumors:
- Benign:
- Pleomorphic adenoma (most common parotid tumour)
- Warthin tumor (Adenolymphoma)
- Malignant:
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Benign:
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Description
Explore the various diseases affecting the oral cavity and esophagus in this quiz. Learn about oral infections such as herpes simplex, aphthous ulcers, and oral candidiasis. This quiz provides insights into symptoms, causes, and treatment options for common conditions.
