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Questions and Answers
What defines primary prevention in public health?
What defines primary prevention in public health?
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
In the epidemiological triad, which component does 'vector' refer to?
In the epidemiological triad, which component does 'vector' refer to?
What is the main focus of tertiary prevention?
What is the main focus of tertiary prevention?
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What stage of disease progression occurs after exposure but before symptoms appear?
What stage of disease progression occurs after exposure but before symptoms appear?
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What is the primary focus of tertiary prevention in chronic illness?
What is the primary focus of tertiary prevention in chronic illness?
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Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention in infectious diseases?
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention in infectious diseases?
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What is the main goal of primary prevention in chronic illnesses?
What is the main goal of primary prevention in chronic illnesses?
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Which activity is an example of primary prevention in the context of infectious diseases?
Which activity is an example of primary prevention in the context of infectious diseases?
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What characterizes the progression of chronic illness according to the model?
What characterizes the progression of chronic illness according to the model?
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Study Notes
Disease Prevention Strategies
- Public health aims to prevent diseases and injuries
- Identifying intervention points (host, agent, environment, vector/vehicle) is key in the epidemiological triad
- Disease progression generally follows exposure, latency/incubation, symptoms, and death
- Primary prevention aims to prevent disease processes from starting
- Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention before full-blown disease/injury develops
Progression of Disease/Injury
- Exposure to harmful agents leads to a disease/injury process initiating
- Latency periods exist where symptoms may not be present
- Symptoms eventually arise
- Progression leads to potentially fatal outcomes
Stages of Disease Prevention
- Primary Prevention: Preventing an event from ever occurring. This is the most effective method
- Secondary Prevention: Identifying and intervening early when a disease/injury process has begun
- Tertiary Prevention: Attempting to recover or manage health after the disease or injury has occurred and is no longer curable
Health Promotion & Illness Prevention Models
- Conceptual Model for Disease Progression: illustrates how disease progresses from exposure to various outcomes (e.g. chronic illness or death)
- Intervention Points: There are opportunities to intervene at different stages of the disease/injury process
- Public Health Focus: Prioritizing primary prevention is crucial because it prevents the disease from arising, while secondary and tertiary prevention attempt to lessen harm.
Chronic Illness/Injury Prevention
- Exposure to certain agents can lead to accumulation of harm and the development of chronic conditions
- Healthy habits can diminish the amount of harm and prevent diseases and injuries such as smoking, poor diets, lack of exercise.
- Primary prevention involves preventing the initial accumulation of these harmful agents. This requires exposure control.
- Secondary prevention detects early signs of illness, providing a way to intervene in the disease's early phase.
- Tertiary prevention focuses on maintaining the individual's physical and mental health after the illness or injury.
Infectious Disease Prevention
- Infectious diseases arise from exposure, transmission, symptoms, and fatalities
- Preventing transmission is vital in primary prevention
- Secondary prevention emphasizes detection and intervention in the early stages of infection
- Tertiary prevention seeks recovery after the infection
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