Disease Prevention and Epidemiology Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for both the Genus Leishmania and genus Trypanosoma?

  • Sandflies (Phlebotomus, Lutzomia)
  • Triatomid bugs (correct)
  • Tsetse fly Glossina
  • Mosquitoes
  • How do Leishmania species differ from Trypanosomes mainly?

  • Mode of reproduction
  • Geographical distribution
  • Morphology (correct)
  • Insect vectors
  • Which of the following is NOT a differentiation basis for the different developmental forms of hemoflagellates?

  • Position of the kinetoplast relative to the nucleus
  • Mode of transmission (correct)
  • Presence or absence of undulating membrane
  • Presence or absence of free flagellum
  • What distinguishes the infective stage of Genus Leishmania and genus Trypanosoma?

    <p>Always the vegetative form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insect vector is responsible for transmitting Trypanosomes specifically in Africa?

    <p>Tsetse fly Glossina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Genus Leishmania and genus Trypanosoma be differentiated primarily?

    <p>Clinical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the time required for the development of a parasite from infection to mature adult producing egg or larvae?

    <p>Incubation period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the constant presence of a disease with a usual predictable frequency in a population?

    <p>Endemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does epidemiology study in a population?

    <p>Distribution and determinants of health and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the occurrence of a disease at a level in excess of the expected level?

    <p>Epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of organisms under natural conditions called?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a widespread epidemic that affects a large proportion of the population in many countries?

    <p>Pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the geographical distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>Cosmopolitan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the adult Strongyloides stercoralis parasites reside in humans?

    <p>Small intestine mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Trichinella Spiralis is infective to humans?

    <p>Filariform larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name given to Strongyloides stercoralis?

    <p>Dwarf Thread Worm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ascaris lumbricoides adults, what is the color of the species described as?

    <p>Pinkish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides primarily found?

    <p>In the faeces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Leishmania has Amastigote and promastigote Stages only?

    <p>Leishmania tropica minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Leishmania tropica major widely distributed?

    <p>North Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Leishmania tropica major?

    <p>Inoculation by infected sandfly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of transmission involves the transmission of parasites from the mother to the child?

    <p>Transmammary (breast milk)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Leishmania aethiopica primarily found?

    <p>Ethiopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the infective stage of a parasite be transmitted through the skin?

    <p>Through insect bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of life cycle do parasites have when they need biological vectors for transmission?

    <p>Indirect Life Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Leishmania type is associated with infections from P. papatasi and P. alexandri vectors?

    <p>Leishmania tropica major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way in which a parasite can affect the host?

    <p>Transmission of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does man acquire an infection from Leishmania aethiopica?

    <p>Bite of infected female sandflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which life cycle can a parasite complete its life cycle within a single host?

    <p>Direct Life Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of transmission involves fecal-oral route as a common method?

    <p>Through mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

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