Disease Prevention and Epidemiology Concepts

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Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for both the Genus Leishmania and genus Trypanosoma?

Sandflies (Phlebotomus, Lutzomia)

Triatomid bugs (correct)

Tsetse fly Glossina

Mosquitoes

How do Leishmania species differ from Trypanosomes mainly?

Mode of reproduction

Geographical distribution

Morphology (correct)

Insect vectors

Which of the following is NOT a differentiation basis for the different developmental forms of hemoflagellates?

Position of the kinetoplast relative to the nucleus

Mode of transmission (correct)

Presence or absence of undulating membrane

Presence or absence of free flagellum

What distinguishes the infective stage of Genus Leishmania and genus Trypanosoma?

Always the vegetative form Signup and view all the answers

Which insect vector is responsible for transmitting Trypanosomes specifically in Africa?

Tsetse fly Glossina Signup and view all the answers

How can Genus Leishmania and genus Trypanosoma be differentiated primarily?

Clinical features Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the time required for the development of a parasite from infection to mature adult producing egg or larvae?

Incubation period Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the constant presence of a disease with a usual predictable frequency in a population?

Endemic Signup and view all the answers

What does epidemiology study in a population?

Distribution and determinants of health and disease Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the occurrence of a disease at a level in excess of the expected level?

Epidemic Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of organisms under natural conditions called?

Ecology Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a widespread epidemic that affects a large proportion of the population in many countries?

Pandemic Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographical distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides?

Cosmopolitan Signup and view all the answers

Where do the adult Strongyloides stercoralis parasites reside in humans?

Small intestine mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Trichinella Spiralis is infective to humans?

Filariform larvae Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name given to Strongyloides stercoralis?

Dwarf Thread Worm Signup and view all the answers

In Ascaris lumbricoides adults, what is the color of the species described as?

Pinkish Signup and view all the answers

Where are the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides primarily found?

In the faeces Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Leishmania has Amastigote and promastigote Stages only?

Leishmania tropica minor Signup and view all the answers

Where is Leishmania tropica major widely distributed?

North Africa Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of transmission of Leishmania tropica major?

Inoculation by infected sandfly Signup and view all the answers

Which route of transmission involves the transmission of parasites from the mother to the child?

Transmammary (breast milk) Signup and view all the answers

Where is Leishmania aethiopica primarily found?

Ethiopia Signup and view all the answers

How can the infective stage of a parasite be transmitted through the skin?

Through insect bite Signup and view all the answers

What type of life cycle do parasites have when they need biological vectors for transmission?

Indirect Life Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which Leishmania type is associated with infections from P. papatasi and P. alexandri vectors?

Leishmania tropica major Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way in which a parasite can affect the host?

Transmission of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

How does man acquire an infection from Leishmania aethiopica?

Bite of infected female sandflies Signup and view all the answers

In which life cycle can a parasite complete its life cycle within a single host?

Direct Life Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transmission involves fecal-oral route as a common method?

Through mouth Signup and view all the answers