Discover Your Understanding of Policy-Making
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What is the cleavage approach in policy-making?

  • A method that focuses on the cultural identity of social groups to influence policy choices.
  • A method that focuses on the geographical location of social groups to influence policy choices.
  • A method that focuses on socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices. (correct)
  • A method that focuses on creating new social groups to influence policy choices.

    • What are social cleavages and why are they important for policy choices?

  • Social cleavages are groups of people who share the same political party, and they are not important for policy choices.
  • Social cleavages are groups of people who share the same cultural identity, and they are not important for policy choices.
  • Social cleavages are groups of people who share the same socioeconomic problems, and they are important for policy choices. (correct)
  • Social cleavages are groups of people who share the same geographical location, and they are important for policy choices.

    • What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?

  • It consists of social groups seeking to separate secular from religious authority and those in favor of preserving the connection between them.
  • It consists of employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.
  • It yields policy implications, with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.
  • It consists of social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy. (correct)

    • What is the State-Church cleavage?

    <p>It consists of social groups seeking to separate secular from religious authority and those in favor of preserving the connection between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Rural-Urban cleavage?

    <p>It yields policy implications, with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?

    <p>It consists of employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?

    <p>It describes the priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cleavage approach in policy-making?

    <p>A method that focuses on socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are social cleavages and why are they important for policy choices?

    <p>Social cleavages are groups of people who share the same socioeconomic problems, and they are important for policy choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?

    <p>It consists of social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the State-Church cleavage?

    <p>It consists of social groups seeking to separate secular from religious authority and those in favor of preserving the connection between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Rural-Urban cleavage?

    <p>It yields policy implications, with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?

    <p>It consists of employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?

    <p>It describes the priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cleavage approach in policy-making?

    <p>A focus on enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are social cleavages?

    <p>Important for policy choices as political parties offer policy proposals in accordance with the problems deemed most important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?

    <p>Social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?

    <p>Employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?

    <p>Describes the priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Open-Closed Society cleavage?

    <p>Social groups either in favor or against the opening of markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy argue?

    <p>That political systems of advanced democracies can be assigned to two competing categories: majoritarian and consensus, which produce different policy styles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cleavage approach?

    <p>An approach that focuses on enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are social cleavages?

    <p>Socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?

    <p>Social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?

    <p>Employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?

    <p>The priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are institution-based models?

    <p>A model that explains how central institutions matter for policy outputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are majoritarian and consensus political systems?

    <p>Different policy styles produced by political systems of advanced democracies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cleavage approach?

    <p>A focus on enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are social cleavages?

    <p>Enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Rural-Urban cleavage?

    <p>A social division with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?

    <p>Employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?

    <p>The priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does institution-based models explain?

    <p>How central institutions matter for policy outputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy?

    <p>Competing categories of majoritarian and consensus, which produce different policy styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Cleavage Approach and Institution-Based Models for Policy-Making

    • The cleavage approach focuses on enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices.
    • Social cleavages are important for policy choices as political parties offer policy proposals in accordance with the problems deemed most important.
    • The Centre and Periphery cleavage consists of social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy.
    • The State-Church cleavage is about social groups seeking to separate secular from religious authority and those in favor of preserving the connection between them.
    • The Rural-Urban cleavage yields policy implications, with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.
    • The Workers-Employer cleavage consists of employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.
    • The Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage describes the priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization.
    • The Open-Closed Society cleavage has emerged, with social groups either in favor or against the opening of markets.
    • Institution-based models explain how central institutions matter for policy outputs.
    • The classical approach to political institutions emphasizes the role of governmental organizations in policy-making.
    • Legal rules and procedures in a political system are the independent variable, and the different functions of the state, including policy-making, represent the dependent variable.
    • Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy argues that political systems of advanced democracies can be assigned to two competing categories: majoritarian and consensus, which produce different policy styles.

    The Cleavage Approach and Institution-Based Models for Policy-Making

    • The cleavage approach focuses on enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices.
    • Social cleavages are important for policy choices as political parties offer policy proposals in accordance with the problems deemed most important.
    • The Centre and Periphery cleavage consists of social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy.
    • The State-Church cleavage is about social groups seeking to separate secular from religious authority and those in favor of preserving the connection between them.
    • The Rural-Urban cleavage yields policy implications, with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.
    • The Workers-Employer cleavage consists of employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.
    • The Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage describes the priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization.
    • The Open-Closed Society cleavage has emerged, with social groups either in favor or against the opening of markets.
    • Institution-based models explain how central institutions matter for policy outputs.
    • The classical approach to political institutions emphasizes the role of governmental organizations in policy-making.
    • Legal rules and procedures in a political system are the independent variable, and the different functions of the state, including policy-making, represent the dependent variable.
    • Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy argues that political systems of advanced democracies can be assigned to two competing categories: majoritarian and consensus, which produce different policy styles.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on policy-making with our quiz on the cleavage approach and institution-based models. Learn about the importance of social cleavages in policy choices, including the Centre and Periphery, State-Church, Rural-Urban, Workers-Employer, Materialist-Post-Materialist, and Open-Closed Society cleavages. Explore how central institutions matter for policy outputs through the classical approach and Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy. Challenge yourself and see how well

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