Questions and Answers
What is the cleavage approach in policy-making?
A method that focuses on socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices.
What are social cleavages and why are they important for policy choices?
Social cleavages are groups of people who share the same socioeconomic problems, and they are important for policy choices.
What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?
It consists of social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy.
What is the State-Church cleavage?
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What is the Rural-Urban cleavage?
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What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?
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What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?
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What is the cleavage approach in policy-making?
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What are social cleavages and why are they important for policy choices?
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What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?
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What is the State-Church cleavage?
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What is the Rural-Urban cleavage?
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What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?
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What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?
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What is the cleavage approach in policy-making?
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What are social cleavages?
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What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?
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What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?
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What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?
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What is the Open-Closed Society cleavage?
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What does Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy argue?
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What is the cleavage approach?
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What are social cleavages?
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What is the Centre and Periphery cleavage?
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What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?
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What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?
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What are institution-based models?
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What are majoritarian and consensus political systems?
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What is the cleavage approach?
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What are social cleavages?
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What is the Rural-Urban cleavage?
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What is the Workers-Employer cleavage?
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What is the Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage?
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What does institution-based models explain?
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What are Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy?
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Study Notes
The Cleavage Approach and Institution-Based Models for Policy-Making
- The cleavage approach focuses on enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices.
- Social cleavages are important for policy choices as political parties offer policy proposals in accordance with the problems deemed most important.
- The Centre and Periphery cleavage consists of social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy.
- The State-Church cleavage is about social groups seeking to separate secular from religious authority and those in favor of preserving the connection between them.
- The Rural-Urban cleavage yields policy implications, with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.
- The Workers-Employer cleavage consists of employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.
- The Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage describes the priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization.
- The Open-Closed Society cleavage has emerged, with social groups either in favor or against the opening of markets.
- Institution-based models explain how central institutions matter for policy outputs.
- The classical approach to political institutions emphasizes the role of governmental organizations in policy-making.
- Legal rules and procedures in a political system are the independent variable, and the different functions of the state, including policy-making, represent the dependent variable.
- Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy argues that political systems of advanced democracies can be assigned to two competing categories: majoritarian and consensus, which produce different policy styles.
The Cleavage Approach and Institution-Based Models for Policy-Making
- The cleavage approach focuses on enduring socioeconomic problems that create lasting divisions between social groups, which affect policy choices.
- Social cleavages are important for policy choices as political parties offer policy proposals in accordance with the problems deemed most important.
- The Centre and Periphery cleavage consists of social groups supporting centralized political power and administrative structures, and those asserting traditional autonomy.
- The State-Church cleavage is about social groups seeking to separate secular from religious authority and those in favor of preserving the connection between them.
- The Rural-Urban cleavage yields policy implications, with the rural population favoring trade barriers and the urban population preferring trade liberalization.
- The Workers-Employer cleavage consists of employers favoring low state intervention and workers demanding job security and social protection.
- The Materialist-Post-Materialist cleavage describes the priority social groups give to new values and how political values arise from individual needs during socialization.
- The Open-Closed Society cleavage has emerged, with social groups either in favor or against the opening of markets.
- Institution-based models explain how central institutions matter for policy outputs.
- The classical approach to political institutions emphasizes the role of governmental organizations in policy-making.
- Legal rules and procedures in a political system are the independent variable, and the different functions of the state, including policy-making, represent the dependent variable.
- Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy argues that political systems of advanced democracies can be assigned to two competing categories: majoritarian and consensus, which produce different policy styles.
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