Diphtheria Management and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended location for managing diphtheria?

  • Home care
  • A general hospital
  • A clinic
  • A hospital for infectious diseases (correct)

    • What is the purpose of administering diphtheria antitoxin?

  • To neutralize unbound toxin (correct)
  • To neutralize fixed toxin
  • To prevent anaphylaxis
  • To eliminate C. diphtheriae

    • How long should antibiotic treatment for diphtheria last?

  • 2 weeks (correct)
  • 4 weeks
  • 3 weeks
  • 1 week

    • What is the recommended course of action for patients allergic to penicillin?

    <p>Give erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is immunisation with diphtheria toxoid necessary after recovery?

    <p>Due to poor immunogenicity of primary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of isolating diphtheria patients?

    <p>To prevent transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended prevention strategy for diphtheria in a closed community?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate associated with cardiac involvement in diphtheria?

    <p>60-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of preventing tetanus?

    <p>Débridement of contaminated injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dosage of Benzylpenicillin in the treatment of tetanus?

    <p>600 mg IV 4 times daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical symptom of autonomic involvement in tetanus?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dose of human tetanus antitoxin for treatment of tetanus?

    <p>3000 U IV injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical clinical feature of botulism?

    <p>Symmetrical neurological deficits and absence of fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of botulism?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for spasms in tetanus?

    <p>IV diazepam and nursing in a quiet room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical neurological deficit in botulism?

    <p>Bilateral cranial neuropathies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of post-exposure prophylaxis?

    <p>To prevent rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a polyvalent antitoxin in botulism?

    <p>To neutralize toxin types A, B, and E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common method of rabies transmission to humans?

    <p>Through bites or licks on abrasions or intact mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who requires pre-exposure prophylaxis?

    <p>Those who handle potentially infected animals professionally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period of rabies in humans?

    <p>4-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the wound after a bite?

    <p>Cleaning the wound with soap and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended vaccine for post-exposure prophylaxis?

    <p>Human diploid cell strain vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of rabies?

    <p>Hydrophobia and violent contractions of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis of rabies once symptoms appear?

    <p>Death ensues, usually within a week of the onset of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should post-exposure prophylaxis ideally start?

    <p>Within a day or two of the bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of rabies usually made?

    <p>On clinical grounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of human rabies immunoglobulin?

    <p>20 U/kg body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis of patients with established rabies?

    <p>Only a few patients have survived</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to control cardiac and respiratory failure in rabies patients?

    <p>Intensive care facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate of tetanus in newborns in developing countries?

    <p>Nearly 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions do tetanus spores germinate and multiply?

    <p>Anaerobic conditions in areas of tissue necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle spasm occurs early in tetanus?

    <p>Trismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the exotoxin produced by tetanus bacilli primarily affect?

    <p>Motor nerve endings and motor nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does contraction of the frontalis and the muscles at the angles of the mouth lead to in tetanus?

    <p>Risus sardonicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can violent spasms last in severe cases of tetanus?

    <p>A few seconds to 3-4 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common causes of death in severe cases of tetanus?

    <p>Exhaustion, asphyxia, or aspiration pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the arched back commonly seen in tetanus patients?

    <p>Opisthotonus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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