Diphtheria Management and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended location for managing diphtheria?

  • Home care
  • A general hospital
  • A clinic
  • A hospital for infectious diseases (correct)

What is the purpose of administering diphtheria antitoxin?

  • To neutralize unbound toxin (correct)
  • To neutralize fixed toxin
  • To prevent anaphylaxis
  • To eliminate C. diphtheriae

How long should antibiotic treatment for diphtheria last?

  • 2 weeks (correct)
  • 4 weeks
  • 3 weeks
  • 1 week

What is the recommended course of action for patients allergic to penicillin?

<p>Give erythromycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is immunisation with diphtheria toxoid necessary after recovery?

<p>Due to poor immunogenicity of primary infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of isolating diphtheria patients?

<p>To prevent transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended prevention strategy for diphtheria in a closed community?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate associated with cardiac involvement in diphtheria?

<p>60-90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preventing tetanus?

<p>Débridement of contaminated injuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosage of Benzylpenicillin in the treatment of tetanus?

<p>600 mg IV 4 times daily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical symptom of autonomic involvement in tetanus?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dose of human tetanus antitoxin for treatment of tetanus?

<p>3000 U IV injection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical feature of botulism?

<p>Symmetrical neurological deficits and absence of fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of botulism?

<p>Ingestion of contaminated food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for spasms in tetanus?

<p>IV diazepam and nursing in a quiet room (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical neurological deficit in botulism?

<p>Bilateral cranial neuropathies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of post-exposure prophylaxis?

<p>To prevent rabies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a polyvalent antitoxin in botulism?

<p>To neutralize toxin types A, B, and E (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common method of rabies transmission to humans?

<p>Through bites or licks on abrasions or intact mucous membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who requires pre-exposure prophylaxis?

<p>Those who handle potentially infected animals professionally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical incubation period of rabies in humans?

<p>4-8 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to the wound after a bite?

<p>Cleaning the wound with soap and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended vaccine for post-exposure prophylaxis?

<p>Human diploid cell strain vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of rabies?

<p>Hydrophobia and violent contractions of the diaphragm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis of rabies once symptoms appear?

<p>Death ensues, usually within a week of the onset of symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should post-exposure prophylaxis ideally start?

<p>Within a day or two of the bite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of rabies usually made?

<p>On clinical grounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of human rabies immunoglobulin?

<p>20 U/kg body weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis of patients with established rabies?

<p>Only a few patients have survived (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to control cardiac and respiratory failure in rabies patients?

<p>Intensive care facilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate of tetanus in newborns in developing countries?

<p>Nearly 100% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions do tetanus spores germinate and multiply?

<p>Anaerobic conditions in areas of tissue necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle spasm occurs early in tetanus?

<p>Trismus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the exotoxin produced by tetanus bacilli primarily affect?

<p>Motor nerve endings and motor nerve cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does contraction of the frontalis and the muscles at the angles of the mouth lead to in tetanus?

<p>Risus sardonicus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can violent spasms last in severe cases of tetanus?

<p>A few seconds to 3-4 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common causes of death in severe cases of tetanus?

<p>Exhaustion, asphyxia, or aspiration pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for the arched back commonly seen in tetanus patients?

<p>Opisthotonus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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